software testing and analysis tools for productivity and quality
TRANSCRIPT
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Software Testingand Analysis Tools
for Productivity and Quality
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SummarySummary
● Verifysoft and its partners
● Cost of software errors● Testing tools in the software development process● Code complexity / Static Analysis.● Code Coverage● Functional Test
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Verifysoft Technology GmbHVerifysoft Technology GmbH● Verifysoft Technology GmbH
● Created in June 2003 ● Offenburg (Germany)● 200+ customers in Europe (2009)
● Distributor and developper of Software testing tools● distribution, consulting and support
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ActivitiesActivities
● Tools ● Seminars
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our pour partnersartners
● Testwell, Tampere (Finland)
● Conformiq, Saratoga (USA)
● Coverity, San Francisco (USA)
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our customersour customers
Main sectors of application:Development of critical software:
– Aerospace– Automotive– Medical– Nuclear
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ReferencesReferences
and many more...
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Cost of software errorsCost of software errors● The losses due to errors of programming
increase every year
Estimation : ???
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Cost of software errorsCost of software errors
● Software bugs cost in Europe100-150.000.000.000 Euros/year
→ Tendancy increasing !
The complexity of Software doubles every 18 months.
To face it: the "know-how" of developers!!!
(Les Hatton, Kingston University London)
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Cost of software errorsCost of software errors● Software bugs cost up to
14.000.000 Euros per company and per year
50% of the companies found in the first year of utilisation up to 10 critical errors.
IDC-Survey in 2008 „Improving Software Quality to Drive Business Agility“, within American companies with 250 -10.000 employees www.idc.com
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Cost of software errorsCost of software errors
40-60% of the global budget is usually used for test and correction
The purpose of testing is to obtain a product „without errors“
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Software testSoftware test
Testing is necessary for obtaining certifications
IEC 61508 EN 50128 (Railway) IEC 62304 (Medical) EN 62138 (Nuclear) DO-178B (Aerospace)
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Software testSoftware test
Test: is essential But ... expensive … repetitive activity
→ Test-Automatisation → use of testing tools !
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Software development processSoftware development processRequirements
Analysis
SystemDesign
ArchitectureDesign
Detailed Specifications
Coding
SoftwareValidation
System Testing
IntegratingTesting
Unit Testing
Black box tests
White box testsTestwell CMT++
CMTJavaComplexity
Measures
Testwell CTA++Unittest
Testwell CTC++Code Coverage
Conformiq Qtronic
Functional Test
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Software development processSoftware development processRequirements
Analysis
SystemDesign
ArchitectureDesign
Detailed Specifications
Coding
SoftwareValidation
System Testing
IntegratingTesting
Unit Testing
Black box tests
White box testsTestwell CMT++
CMTJavaComplexity
Measures
Testwell CTA++Unittest
Testwell CTC++Code Coverage
Conformiq Qtronic
Functional Test
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Testwell CMT++ Testwell CMTJava
Code Complexity
Measures Tools
for C/C++ and Java
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava● Why analysing the code complexity?
● Code complexity correlates with the defect rate and robustness of the application
● Complex code is difficult to test → more errors in the final application
● Complex code is difficult to maintain● Unnecessary complex code is often the reason for bad
code quality and erroneous programs.
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Testwell CMT++ and Testwell CMTJava analyses your applications for the following metrics:
● Lines-of-code (LOC) metrics● Halstead's metrics● McCabe cyclomatic number v(G) ● Maintainability Index
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Lines-of-code (LOC) metrics:● LOCphy
number of physical lines● LOCpro
number of lines with program code● LOCbl
number of blanc lines● LOCcom
number of lines with comments
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Lines-of-code (LOC) metrics:
● Recommanded standard for fonctions: between 4 and 40 program lines
A function definition contains at least a prototype, one line of code, and a pair of braces, which makes 4 lines. A function longer than 40 program lines probably implements many functions.
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Lines-of-code (LOC) metrics:
● Recommanded standard for files: between 4 and 400 program lines
The smallest entity that may reasonably occupy a whole source file is a function, and the minimum length of a function is 4 lines.
Files longer than 400 program lines (10..40 functions) are usually too long to be understood as a whole.
Comments : 30 to 75%
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
McCabe Cyclomatic Number v(G) describes the complexity of thecontrol flow of a program.
The greater the cyclomatic number is the more execution paths there are through the function, and the harder it is to understand.
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
McCabe Cyclomatic Number v(G)
● recommanded standard for fonctions: <15If a function has a cyclomatic number of 15, there are at least 15 (but probably more) execution paths through it.More than 15 paths are hard to identify and test.
● recommanded standard for files: <100
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJavaHalstead's metrics
● B estimated number of bugs
● D difficulty level, error proneness
● E effort to implement
● L program level (abstraction level of the program)
● N program length
● N1 number of operators
● N2 numbre of operands
● n vocabulary size (unique operators + unique operands)
● n1 number of unique operators
● n2 number of unique operands
● T implementation time / time to understand
● V volume: size of the implementation of an algorithm
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Maintainability Index (MI)
indicates when it becomes cheaper and less risky to rewrite the code instead to change it.
● 85 and more good maintainability● 65-85 moderate maintainability● < 65 difficult to maintain
→ with really bad pieces of code (big, uncommented, unstructured) the MI value can be even negative
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
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Testwell CMT++ / CMTJavaTestwell CMT++ / CMTJava
Development ViewManagement View
Controlling View
Pdf-reports
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Software development processSoftware development processRequirements
Analysis
SystemDesign
ArchitectureDesign
Detailed Specifications
Coding
SoftwareValidation
System Testing
IntegratingTesting
Unit Testing
Black box tests
White box testsTestwell CMT++
CMTJavaComplexity
Measures
Testwell CTA++Unittest
Testwell CTC++Code Coverage
Conformiq Qtronic
Functional Test
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Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Analyser
for C/C++
CTC add-on for Java and C#
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31Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Code coverage
shows the parts of the code● executed / not executed ● tested / not tested
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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32Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Why measuring the code coverage?● helps to write better (more adapted) tests/test cases
● helps to avoid that you spend time on writing redundant test cases
● you know when you can stop testing
● you can proof to your customers that your code is tested according to their requirements
● you can be sure that your outsourcing/development partner delivers quality according to your requirements
● ensures high quality with high code coverage
● helps to find "dead code"
● required to obtain certifications.
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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33Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Testwell CTC++ for all coverage levels:
● Function Coverage● Decision Coverage● Condition/Branch Coverage● Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC)● Multicondition Coverage (MCC)
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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34Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Testwell CTC++ can be used to obtain certifications in automotive, avionics and medical industries
i.e. DO-178B - all levels: A, B, C - of the Federal Aviation Administration, FAA or for EN 61508
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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35Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Testwell CTC++ is very easy to use● no need of code modifications● support of existing makefiles● GUI integration in several IDEs
– Microsoft Visual Studio
– WindRiver Tornado
– Borland C++ 5.02
– Metrowerks CodeWarrior
– Eclipse
– ...
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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36Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Reports in Text, XML or HTML● shows the untested code parts ● shows how many time each
code part has been executed ● different coverage reports
– Summary-Levels– Untested Code– Execution Profile Listing
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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37Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
Testwell CTC++ ideal for embedded targets
● very low instrumentation overhead● performs code coverage in all targets
→ “host target add-on” is provided in source code→ can be easily adapted to new targets
● works even with smallest targets and microcontrollers● works with all compilers / cross-compilers
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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38Testwell CTC++, CMT++ and CMTJava are products of Testwell Oy, Tampere (Finland)
„CTC++ Add-on for Java and C#“
extension of Testwell CTC++ for Java and C#
→ You only need one code coverage tool for C, C++, Java, C#, ...
Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage Testwell CTC++ Test Coverage AnalyserAnalyser
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Software development processSoftware development processRequirements
Analysis
SystemDesign
ArchitectureDesign
Detailed Specifications
Coding
SoftwareValidation
System Testing
IntegratingTesting
Unit Testing
Black box tests
White box testsTestwell CMT++
CMTJavaComplexity
Measures
Testwell CTA++Unittest
Testwell CTC++Code Coverage
Conformiq Qtronic
Functional Test
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40Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Model-Based Automated Test Model-Based Automated Test DesignDesign
for functional testsfor functional tests
(black box tests)
for software and systems
Conformiq QtronicConformiq Qtronic
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41Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Manual tests takes time...and leads to risks
incorrect tests
missed tests
redundant tests
maintenance of tests
Conformiq QtronicConformiq Qtronic
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42Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Our solution: Automated Test Design
→ model driven testing, model based testing, specification based testing,
specification driven testing,
...
Conformiq QtronicConformiq Qtronic
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Automatic test generation and execution based on your design models
instead of writting the tests manually
Manual vs. AutomaticManual vs. Automatic
Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
X
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44Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
The tool automates the design of functional tests (black box tests) for software and systems
Model Driven TestingModel Driven Testing
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45Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Manual vs. AutomaticManual vs. Automatic
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QQQQSystem Model
Test Plan
Manual test script
Automatic test generation Script execution
Script execution
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46Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Model Driven TestingModel Driven Testing
Benefits:Benefits:
● enforces the quality of requirements enforces the quality of requirements documentation documentation
● creates a common platform for designers creates a common platform for designers and testersand testers
● self documentedself documented
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47Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
● Textually in Java (with elements in C#)→ „Qtronic Modelling Language“ (QML)
● Grafically in UML State Charts (optional)
● The model can be created with:– Text editor („Java“)– Qtronic Modeller (UML State Charts)– or Third Party Modeling (UML) tools
ModellingModelling
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48Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Process:Creation of the model Import of the model Selection of the test coverage requirements and formats for the test scripts. Automatic test generation with Conformiq Qtronic
Test execution in your environment.
Test generationTest generation
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49Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Formats for the test scripts generation:
Python TCL TTCN-3C, C++ Visual Basic JavaJunit Perl ExcelHTML Word Shell Scripts
Test generationTest generation
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50Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Test scripts generationTest scripts generation
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51Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Test scripts generationTest scripts generation
Test scripts Generation progress
List of test scripts
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52Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Test scripts generationTest scripts generation
Test scripts Generation progress
List of test scripts
Requirement Tracebilityof the test scripts
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53Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Test scripts generationTest scripts generation
Test scripts Generation progress
List of test scripts
Requirement-TracebilityOf the test scripts
Message Sequence Chartfor a test script
Test Step Viewwith detailled information
about contents
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54Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Test scripts generationTest scripts generation
Test scripts Generation progress
List of test scripts
Requirement Tracebilityof the test scriptsMessage Sequence Chart
for a test script Test Step Viewwith detailled information
about contents
Execution Trace View:shows the execution's
trace in the model
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55Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Conformiq QtronicConformiq Qtronic
Model
Test scripts generation
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56Conformiq Qtronic is a product and a trademark of Conformiq Inc., Saratoga (USA)
Test scripts executionin your existing evironment(manually or automatically)
Test scripts executionTest scripts execution
Model
Test ScriptsTest Execution
PlatformSystem Under Test
Test Harnes s
Reports
Model
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ReviewReview
→ Cost of software errors
→ Testing tools in the software development process
→ Code Complexity / Static Analysis
→ Code Coverage→ Automatic Test Generator