Software Software

Writer:-Rashedul HasanWriter:-Rashedul Hasan

Editor:- Jasim UddinEditor:- Jasim Uddin

SoftwareSoftware

Instructions and associated data, Instructions and associated data, stored in electronic format, that stored in electronic format, that direct the computer to accomplish a direct the computer to accomplish a task.task.

Basically Two Types.Basically Two Types.

System softwareSystem software or Operating or Operating Systems:Systems: helps the computer carry helps the computer carry out its basic operating tasks.out its basic operating tasks.

Application Software: Application Software: Designed to Designed to perform particular function.perform particular function.

Basic Components of System Basic Components of System SoftwareSoftware

Operating System: An operating system Operating System: An operating system is the main components of system is the main components of system software in any computing system.software in any computing system.

Device Driver: It helps the computer Device Driver: It helps the computer control peripheral devices. control peripheral devices.

Utility Program: It is generally used to Utility Program: It is generally used to support, enhance or expand existing support, enhance or expand existing programs in a computer program. programs in a computer program.

Operating SystemOperating System

An An Operating SystemOperating System (OS) is the (OS) is the master controller within a computer. master controller within a computer. It controls the resources (CPU, It controls the resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices etc.) of memory, I/O devices etc.) of computer system.computer system.

It provides its user with an interface. It provides its user with an interface. [GUI-Graphical user interface]. [GUI-Graphical user interface]. EX: Windows, MacOS, DOS, UNIX, LinuxEX: Windows, MacOS, DOS, UNIX, Linux

Objective of OSObjective of OS

OSHardware

OS

Other software

Users

Objective of OSObjective of OS

Make computer system easer to use: Make computer system easer to use:

It act as a intermediary between the It act as a intermediary between the hardware and its user. It hides the hardware and its user. It hides the details of the hardware resources details of the hardware resources from its user and give them a from its user and give them a convenient interface for using convenient interface for using computer system.computer system.

Objective of OSObjective of OS

Manage the resources of computer Manage the resources of computer system: system:

An OS manage all the resources of a An OS manage all the resources of a computer system. For Ex. Keeping computer system. For Ex. Keeping track of who is using computer, track of who is using computer, granting resource request etc. granting resource request etc.

Function of the OSFunction of the OS

BootingBootingUser InterfaceUser InterfaceCPU ManagementCPU ManagementFile ManagementFile ManagementTask ManagementTask ManagementFormattingFormattingSecurity ManagementSecurity Management

BootingBooting

The work of the OS begins as soon as The work of the OS begins as soon as the computer turn on. the computer turn on.

Booting is the process of loading an Booting is the process of loading an OS into a computer’s main memory. OS into a computer’s main memory.

User InterfaceUser Interface

The first thing you see after your computer The first thing you see after your computer finishes booting is the user interface. finishes booting is the user interface.

The user interface is the user controllable The user interface is the user controllable display screen that allows you to display screen that allows you to communicate or interact with your computer. communicate or interact with your computer.

Most popular user interface is the GUI.Most popular user interface is the GUI.

GUI allows you to use a Mouse and Keyboard GUI allows you to use a Mouse and Keyboard to select icon [little symbol] and command to select icon [little symbol] and command from the menus [list of activities] from the menus [list of activities]

CPU ManagementCPU Management

File ManagementFile Management

Files containing programs and data Files containing programs and data are located in many places on the are located in many places on the computer’s hard drive. The OS computer’s hard drive. The OS records the storage location of all records the storage location of all files. files.

If we move, rename or delete a file, If we move, rename or delete a file, the OS manage such changes and the OS manage such changes and helps us locate and gain access to it. helps us locate and gain access to it.

Task ManagementTask Management

FormattingFormatting

Security ManagementSecurity Management

Buses, Ports, and Buses, Ports, and PeripheralsPeripherals

provide provide attachment and attachment and communication communication with external with external devices by means devices by means of:of:slotsslots (for internal (for internal

attachment)attachment)

portsports (for external (for external attachments)attachments)

Functions of OSFunctions of OS

Functions of OSFunctions of OS

An operating system interacts with:An operating system interacts with:All hardware installed in or connected to a All hardware installed in or connected to a

computer system.computer system.All software installed or running from a All software installed or running from a

storage device on a computer systemstorage device on a computer systemFile management is another important task File management is another important task

of OS.of OS. It protects the information of computer It protects the information of computer

systemsystem It involves in interpreting users commend It involves in interpreting users commend

and directing system resources to process and directing system resources to process the command. the command.

Popular System SoftwarePopular System Software

Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft WindowsMost popular operating system.Most popular operating system.Supports a vast array of application Supports a vast array of application

software and peripheral devices.software and peripheral devices.MacOSMacOS

For Macintosh computers.For Macintosh computers.Proprietary system.Proprietary system.Does not have same functionality and Does not have same functionality and

support for software and peripheral devices.support for software and peripheral devices.

System SoftwareSystem Software

Network operating systemNetwork operating system (NOS) (NOS) Manages network resources.Manages network resources.Maintains security.Maintains security.Tracks user accounts.Tracks user accounts.Handles communication between Handles communication between

workstations and servers.workstations and servers.Popular network operating systemsPopular network operating systems

Windows NT, Novell Netware, UNIXWindows NT, Novell Netware, UNIX

System SoftwareSystem Software

UtilitiesUtilities Utilities augment functionality of operating Utilities augment functionality of operating

systems. Utilities includes device drivers and systems. Utilities includes device drivers and Troubleshooting capabilities.Troubleshooting capabilities.

Utilities provide file management capabilities Utilities provide file management capabilities such as copying, moving or renaming a file.such as copying, moving or renaming a file.

Norton Utilities includes an undelete function Norton Utilities includes an undelete function that can recover deleted files.that can recover deleted files.

Symantec and McAfee Virus checkers add Symantec and McAfee Virus checkers add protection for all system and data files.protection for all system and data files.

Application SoftwareApplication Software

It is a set of one or more programs It is a set of one or more programs designed to solve a specific problem designed to solve a specific problem or do a specific task. For Ex. Payroll or do a specific task. For Ex. Payroll processing software, examination processing software, examination results processing software, results processing software, computer games software.computer games software.

It is also known as package software. It is also known as package software. For ex. MS Office suit 2007.For ex. MS Office suit 2007.

Some commonly known Some commonly known application softwareapplication software

Word processing software: enable us write, Word processing software: enable us write, edit, view, store & printing documents.edit, view, store & printing documents.

Spreadsheet software: uses for keeping a Spreadsheet software: uses for keeping a record of financial transaction and for record of financial transaction and for preparing financial statement.preparing financial statement.

Database software: A database is a Database software: A database is a collection of related data stored & treated collection of related data stored & treated as a unit. Database software enables us to as a unit. Database software enables us to create database, maintain it, organize its create database, maintain it, organize its data, sort data, sort

Some commonly known Some commonly known application softwareapplication software

its records & selectively retrieve useful its records & selectively retrieve useful information from it. For Ex: queries such information from it. For Ex: queries such as get the telephone number of the person as get the telephone number of the person named Mr. Rezaul Karim from the address named Mr. Rezaul Karim from the address database. Or get the names of all currently database. Or get the names of all currently admitted students whose birthday fall admitted students whose birthday fall today from the student database.today from the student database.

in case of Bangladesh Voter database is in case of Bangladesh Voter database is the largest database. the largest database.

Some commonly known Some commonly known application softwareapplication software

Graphic Software: enable us Graphic Software: enable us drawings, printing of design, graphs, drawings, printing of design, graphs, picture etc.picture etc.

Entertainment software: allows us to Entertainment software: allows us to use computer as a entertainment use computer as a entertainment tool. Such as Windows media player.tool. Such as Windows media player.

Obtaining softwareObtaining software

Buying pre-written/package software: Buying pre-written/package software: People can buy pre-written package People can buy pre-written package software which are available in the software which are available in the marketmarketAdvantage: Advantage: cheap. cheap. user can start planned activities user can start planned activities almost immediately.almost immediately.it can meet the requirements of as it can meet the requirements of as many potential users as possible.many potential users as possible.

Obtaining softwareObtaining software

Ordering/Developing Customized Ordering/Developing Customized software:software:if none of the available pre-written if none of the available pre-written software packages meet the specific software packages meet the specific requirements of a user, then he/She requirements of a user, then he/She can go for customized software can go for customized software option. option. Advantage: it is easier to carry out Advantage: it is easier to carry out changes in the software. changes in the software. [Open Source Software, OSS][Open Source Software, OSS]

Obtaining softwareObtaining software

Downloading Shareware/Freeware: Downloading Shareware/Freeware: software can now be downloaded from software can now be downloaded from internet. internet.

Advantages:Advantages:

usually free and accompanied with usually free and accompanied with their source code.their source code.

can be downloaded & used can be downloaded & used immediately.immediately.

Software Development StepsSoftware Development Steps

Analyzing the problem at hand & Analyzing the problem at hand & planning the programs to solve the planning the programs to solve the problem.problem.

Coding the programs.Coding the programs.Testing, Debugging and Documenting Testing, Debugging and Documenting

the programs.the programs. Implementing the programs.Implementing the programs.Evaluating & Maintaining the Evaluating & Maintaining the

programs. programs.

Another way of classifying Another way of classifying Application SoftwareApplication Software

Productivity SoftwareProductivity SoftwareSpreadsheets Spreadsheets Databases Databases

Presentation SoftwarePresentation SoftwareDocument PreparationDocument Preparation

Word ProcessingWord ProcessingDesktop PublishingDesktop Publishing

Project Management SoftwareProject Management Software

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Graphics Creation and ManipulationGraphics Creation and ManipulationAnimation and 3D GraphicsAnimation and 3D GraphicsVideo EditingVideo Editing Internet ConnectivityInternet ConnectivityWebsite Creation and ManagementWebsite Creation and ManagementGroupwareGroupwareFinancial ManagementFinancial ManagementEducational Games and TutorialsEducational Games and Tutorials

Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

Basic building blocks of any software.Basic building blocks of any software.Programming languages allow a Programming languages allow a

programmer to write instructions that programmer to write instructions that a computer can understand.a computer can understand.

Programming languages have some Programming languages have some resemblance to the English language.resemblance to the English language.BASIC BASIC Pascal Pascal Fortran Fortran

C++

Java