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Soil Classification

In all sections of civil engineering and particularly in soil mechanics, the engineer during the design stage must ensure that the analysis of soil properties relate directly to the relevant foundation or structure. Using pro-cedures involving extracting, examining and testing representative samples the engineer can compute a model very close to the real situa-tion. In recent years we have seen a significant contribution to experimental analysis resulting from more sophisticated testing procedures, up dating of many International Standards, and publication of good testing manuals and pro-cedures.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Testing equipment for the construction industry

39

Field classification, sampling, and preparationSoil sampling - Augers and samplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Water level indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Pocket penetrometers and vane testers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Field inspection kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Dynamic penetrometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Extruders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Soil lathe and trimmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Sample mixers and soil cutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Moisture contentMoisture determination balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Desiccators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Universal carbide meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Speedy moisture testers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Laboratory ClassificationSpecific gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Liquid, Plastic and shrinkage limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Sedimentation / Hydrometer and pipette methods . . . . . . . 55

Chemical TestspH Papers and meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Chloride and Sulphate content determination. . . . . . . . . . . 57pH Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Water test kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Soil colour charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

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Contents

Soil Classification


40

16-T0010/G

AND SAMPLERS

The items we propose are used to obtain samples that adequately represent each surface material that is significant to the project design and construction.

STANDARDASTM D420, D1452 / AASHTO T86, T202 / CNR a. VI n. 25

Used for general exploration in soil inve-stigation. Made of special plated steel. The “T” handle with 1 m rod has to be ordered separately.

sCode Description Weight approx. (kg)

16-T0005/A Hand auger head 80 mm dia. 216-T0006/A Hand auger head 100 mm dia. 2.516-T0007/A Hand auger head 150 mm dia. 316-T0008/A Spiral soil auger head 25 mm dia. 316-T0008/B Dutch soil auger head, Edelman model, 70 mm dia., for soft fine soils 216-T0008/C Gravel auger head 150 mm dia. 1.316-T0010/6 Stainless steel sample tube dia. 38x230 mm 0.3

16-T0010

Sampling equipment to take undi-sturbed soil sample 38 mm dia.

Used to take undisturbed soil sample in soft and fine soils. The apparatus comprises T-handle, Extension rod, Jarring link, Stainless steel sample tube dia. 38x230 mm length.The sample is obtained by percussion, lif-ting all the upper assembly which slides inside the jarring link and forces the sample tube into the soil.

A Weight approx.: 7 kg

16-T0005/A, 16-T0006/A, 16-T0007/A, 16-T0008/B, 16-T0008/C, 16-T0008/A, 16-T0010/6

16-T0010/G

Soil prospecting kit

It comprises all the most popular auger and sampler housed in a practical carrying case. It consists of:

s16-T0005/A Hand auger head 80 mm dia. s16-T0006/A Hand auger head 100 mm dia.

s16-T0007/A Hand auger head 150 mm dia.

16-T0010/8 with 16-T0010/6

s16-T0008/A Spiral soil auger head 25 mm dia.

s16-T0008/B Dutch soil auger head, Edelman model 70 mm dia.

s16-T0008/C Gravel auger head 150 mm dia.

s16-T0010/6 Stainless steel sample tubes dia. 38x230 mm (No. 6 pieces)

s16-T0010/7 Plastic end caps for sam-ple tubes dia. 38x230 mm (No. 12 pieces)

s16-T0010/3 Jarring link

s16-T0010/8 Hand extruder for sample tubes dia. 38x230 mm

s16-T0005/2 Extension rods, 1 m long (No. 6 pieces)

s16-T0005/1 “T” handle

s16-T0005/5 Stillson wrenches (No. 2 pieces)

A Total weight: 50 kg approx.

16-T0010

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SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Field classification, sampling, and preparation . . . . . . Soil sampling

s16-T0005/1 “T” handle

s16-T0005/2 Extension rod 1 m length

s16-T0005/3 Chisel

Accessories

s16-T0010/7 Plastic end cap for 38 mm dia. sample tube

s16-T0010/8 Hand extruder for 38 mm dia. specimens. Weight 1 kg

Accessories


41

16-T0009/C

Auger power head, 1.5 kW

16-T0009/D

Auger power head, complete with reversing gear. 4.2 kW

Used in conjunction with sampling tubes to obtain disturbed or undisturbed samples of soils. The augers are not included and have to be ordered separately. (See accessories)

Drilling hole dia.: from 60 to 200 mm for model 16-T0009/C and from 100 to 500 mm for model 16-T0009/D

A Weight approx.: 8.5 kg for model 16-T0009/C and 22.5 kg for model 16-T0009/D

s16-T0009/C1 Auger 60 mm dia. x 1000 mm





s16-T0009/C10 Extension rod for above 1000 mm long.

16-E0096

Water level indicator, 50 m cable

16-E0096/A


16-E0096/B


General description and specifications

Used for determination of the water level in boreholes, wells and other open under-ground structures. Drum mounted, with an ON/OFF indicator and audio signal when probe touches water. The sensing portion of the probe has a stainless steel tip with plastic shielding to prevent false readin-gs. Probe diameter of 10 mm allows an easy passage through 1/2” tubing. Cable is marked at 1 cm intervals.

Battery operated: 9 V DC


16-T0009/C

16-T0009/D

16-E0096

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SOIL CLASSIFICATION

. . . . . . Field classification, sampling, and preparationSoil sampling

Accessories


42

Accessories

s16-T0174/B1 Extension rod 300 mm long

s16-T0174/B2 Extension rod 1000 mm long

16-T0171

DIAL PENETROMETERS

They are offered in three different versions as shown in the Table. The dial has a max. value holding system with 0 setting by push button.

Specifications

Dial diameter: 60 mm

Peak hold feature

sCode Range kgf/cm2 Plunger(s) dia. mm 16-T0160 0-5 6.3516-T0162 3-15 6.3516-T0161(1) 0-6 6.35 – 10 – 15 – 20 – 25

(1) Used for evaluating the angle of internal friction “ϕ” of sandy soils and the cohesion “c” in clay soils. Dual scale: 0-6 kgf/cm2 for 6.35 mm dia. plunger and 0-11 kg.

16-T0161

16-T0163

16-T0174/B

Hand vane tester

STANDARDASTM D2573

A simple and portable instrument for use by the geotechnical engineer to determine in-situ shear strength of cohesive soils. The device consists of a torque head with direct reading scale into which is fitted

16-T0163

Heavy duty pocket penetrometer

Used to obtain quickly and easily an appro-ximate measure of the shear strength of cohesive and semicohesive soils. The special feature of this model is the design of the penetration rod, which allows a relatively deep penetration into the soil (up to 6 cm) thus reducing errors and uncertainties typi-cal of shallow measures, which are often affected by remoulding, drying, etc.Three different sizes of penetration tips are availa-ble: the small one for hard soils, the medium one for soft and medium soil, and the large one for soft soil.

STANDARD POCKET PENETROMETERS

16-T0171

Pocket penetrometer range 0-5 kgf/cm2

Designed for making field classification of cohesive soils in terms of consistency, shear strength and approximate unconfi-ned compressive strength.

B Dimensions: 20 mm dia. x 173 mm length

A Weight approx.: 0.5 kg

Specifications

All stainless steel construction tip dia-meters (interchangeable): 4.5 mm for very hard soil; 6.35 mm for medium and soft soil; 8.98 for soft soil.Supplied complete with plastic case.

Measuring range: 0 to 10 kgf/cm2

B Dimensions (assembled): 210 mm

length x 20 mm dia. approx.


16-T0174/B

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Field classification, sampling, and preparation . . . . . . Pocket penetromers/ Hand vane testerField classification, sampling, and preparation . . . . . . Pocket penetromers/ Hand vane tester


one of two vanes. A max. reading pointer makes reading easy. The tester is supplied complete with one 19 mm (range 0-120 kPa) and one 33 mm (range 0-28 kPa) vane. Extension rods are available separa-tely as accessories. A carrying case is also supplied.


16-T0160, 16- T0162

SOIL CLASSIFICATION

43

16-T0174

16-T0175/A

Pocket shear vane device

Can be used either in the field or in the laboratory, at the end of sample tubes, etc. Supplied complete with:

Standard 25 mm dia. vane, range 0-10 N/cm2

Sensitive vane adaptor, range 0-2 N/cm2

High capacity vane adaptor, range 0-25 N/cm2

Plastic containerInstruction manual.

16-T0174

Field inspection pocket vane tester

STANDARDASTM D2573

This tester, designed to measure the undrained shear strength (CU) of cohesive soils, consists of a cylindrical body with a torsional spring and three interchangeable vanes of different sizes used depending upon the expected strength of the soil.The vanes have the following dimensions:- small size 32x16 mm (height x dia.)- medium size 40x20 mm (height x dia.)- large size 50.8x25.4 mm (height x dia.).The height/diameter ratio of all vanes is 2. During operation the vane is driven for 5-6 cm into the soil and then turned with the handle. Deep measures (i.e. on the top of undisturbed samples) can be obtained using the extension rod.

Specifications

All stainless steel constructionVane dimensions (height x dia.): 32x16 – 40x20 – 50.8x25.4 mm

Measuring range: 0 to 240 kPa (O-24 N/cm2)

Torque value: 5 N·m

Extension rod: included

B Overall dimensions (assembled): 310x105 mm

The tester is supplied in a plastic case.

STANDARDASTM D2573

16-T0174/A

Field inspection testing kit with case

Ideal for geotechnicians, geologists and agronomists. It consists of the 16-T0163 Pocket penetrometer and of the 16-T0174 Field inspection pocket vane tester. The instrument is contained in a practical car-rying case.

B Case dimensions: 240x210x50 mm


s16-T0174/1 Extension rod 500 mm long

s16-T0175/1 Sensitive vane adaptor 0-2 N/cm2

s16-T0175/2 High capacity vane adaptor 0-25 N/cm2

s16-T0175/3 Standard vane 0-10 N/cm2

16-T0174/A

16-T0175/A

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. . . . . . Field classification, sampling, and preparationHand vane testers/ Field inspection kit

. . . . . . Field classification, sampling, and preparationHand vane testers/ Field inspection kit

Accessories

Spare parts


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

30032Ø20

60ϒ

10

1965

575DROP

1252

400

44

s16-T0012/1 Spare cone for 16-T0012/A

s16-T0012/2 Upper extension shaft

s16-T0012/3 Lower extension shaft

s16-T0012/4 Extension rod set

s16-T0012/5 Spare anvil coupling

s16-T0012/6 Handle guard

s16-T0012/7 Handle

s16-T0012/8 Hammer shaft

s16-T0012/9 Standard shaft

*TRL-UK Transport Research Laboratory


The design of the DCP is similar to that described by Kleyn, Maree and Savage (1982) in that it uses an 8 kg weight drop-ping through a height of 575 mm and a 60° cone having a diameter of 20 mm. It is supplied with two 13-17 mm AF Spanners, Tommy Bar, 3 mm AF Hex Wrench and a bottle of adhesive used for securing hand-le/top rod and bottom rod/cone joints.

B Case dimensions: 1200x350x200 mm approx.


16-T0012/A

STANDARDBS 1377:9

16-T0012/A

TRL* Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)

The TRL DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetrometer) is an instrument designed for the rapid in-situ measurement of the structural proper-ties of existing road pavements constructed with unbound materials. Continuous mea-surements can be made down to a depth of approximately 850 mm or when extension shafts are used to a recommended maxi-mum depth of 2 m. Where pavement layers have different strengths the boundaries can be identified and the thickness of the layers determined. Correlation’s have been established in earlier work (Van Vuuren 1969, Kleyn and Van Heerden 1983, Smith and Pratt 1983) between measurements with the DCP and CBR (California Bearing Ratio) so that results can be interpreted and compared with CBR specifications for pavement design. A typical test takes only a few minutes and therefore the instru-ment provides a very efficient method of obtaining information that would normally require the digging of test-pits.

Field classification, sampling, and preparation . . . . . . Dynamic penetrometers

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Spare parts


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

45

16-T0013 assembled

16-T0013

16-T0013/E

Motor operated dynamic penetro-meter, 20/30 kg drop weight

The apparatus comprises a 4 stroke engine which drives, through a flexible shaft, the lifting mechanism, a 20 kg weight, a 10 kg supplementary weight, 10 rods, 5 cones each of 500 and 1000 mm2 size, and rod lifting device. The heaviest part of this apparatus is 20 kg dropping weight so it is very simple to use and easy to carry on site. The apparatus satisfy DIN 4094 standards for medium weight test apparatus 30 kg mass x 20 cm drop height. Supplied complete with carrying case for sounding rods.

Specifications

1.9 kW 4 stroke engineDriving rate: up to 45 blows/min

Fall height: 20 cm

Drop weight: 20 or 20 + 10 kg

A Total net weight: 70 kg approx. (without sounding rods and accessories)

Spare parts and accessories for both 16-T0013 and 16-T0013/E penetrometers

s16-T0013/8 Drive conical point, 500 mm2 area, 25.2 mm dia., 90° angle (for 16-T0013 model)

s16-T0013/9 Drive conical point, 1000 mm2 area, 35.6 mm dia., 90° angle (for 16-T0013 model)

s16-T0013/10 Spare expendable conical point 500 mm2 area, 25.2 mm dia., 90° angle

s16-T0013/11 Spare expendable conical point 1000 mm2 area, 35.6 mm dia., 90° angle

s16-T0013/L Rod lifting device

s16-T0013/4 Sounding rod 22 mm dia.

s16-T0013/6 Grooved rod to take disturbed sample

s16-T0013/7 Threaded nipple to connect sounding rods

16-T0013/E

STANDARDDIN 4094

16-T0013

Lightweight dynamic penetrometer. Hand operated

Penetrometers are used to establish the thickness of different stratifications when investigating the suitability of a site for bridge, road and other construction works. In general if the ground is not too compact, penetration tests with the lightweight penetrometer can be carried out to depths of about 8 to 12 m. This apparatus is sup-plied complete with No. 11 sounding rods, No. 1 grooved rod, No. 2 drive points 90°: 500 and 1000 mm2, lifting device for soun-ding rods, couplings and carrying case.

Specifications

Weight of rammer: 10 kg

Rammer fall: 50 cm

B Carrying case dimensions: 1160x370x220 mm


. . . . . . Field classification, sampling, and preparationDynamic penetrometers (continued)

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SOIL CLASSIFICATION

46

s86-D0805 Paraffin wax. 1 kg

s55-C0121/5 Ladle

16-T0082/1

sCode For extruding a soil sample Ø mm 16-T0082/1 38 – 100 – 101.6 – 106 and 152.4, total length 280 mm approx.16-T0082/3 38 16-T0082/4 Frame and adaptor only for extruding three 38 mm dia. tubes from a U4 tube16-T0082/5 106 (for extruding a soil sample from a U4 tube)16-T0082/A16 Extension for extruding up to 450 mm long samples

Adaptors for 16-T0082/A extruder

10-D1403Melting pot. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.

Used to melt wax to seal the soil samples and other materials. The temperature is set and maintained at the desired value. Adjustable thermostat and pilot lamp fully isolated conforming to CE requirements. Supplied complete with cover.

Specifications

Capacity: 5 l approx.

Temperature range: +30 / +150°C

Power: 700 W

B Dimensions: 200 mm internal dia. x 160 mm, 285 mm external dia. x 275 mm


16-T0082/A16 Extensionfitted on the 16-T0082/1

10-D1403

16-T0080

16-T0010/8

Hand extruder for 38 mm dia. samples

General description

Screw type, usable with the 16-T0010/6 stainless steel, 38 mm i.d., 230 mm long sample tube.


16-T0080

Universal extruderMainly used to remove 4” and 6” samples from Marshall, Proctor and CBR moulds.

Capacity: 30 kN

Ram travel: 197 mm (ram) + 68 mm screw


STANDARDASTM D698, D1587, D1883BS 598:107, 1377:4, 1924:2

16-T0082/A

Hand operated universal extruder

General description

This apparatus can accommodate standard U4 sample tubes and a range of adaptors to extrude soil samples 38, 101 and 151 mm dia. It can also be used to remove Marshall, Proctor and CBR specimens. Appropriate accessories and adaptors are listed below, and must be ordered separately.

Specifications

Max. load capacity: 60 kN (6000 kgf)

Ram travel: 480 mm

B Dimensions: 1140x300x370 mm

A Weight approx.: 50 kg (without accessories)

16-T0082/A

16-T0010/8 with 16-T0010/6

Field classification, sampling, and preparation . . . . . . Extruding soil samples / Melting pot

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Accessories


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

47

16-T0083/A

16-T0083/A

Motorised hydraulic extruder. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.*

General description

Sampling tubes are held in place by an adjustable “V” shape bearing which can extrude either in the vertical or horizon-tal position. Both the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the receiving table can be easily lowered along side the machine to save space when not in use. The machine is supplied without tube adaptors which have to be ordered separately. See accessories.

* Other voltages available on request

SpecificationsMax. load: 60 kN (6000 kgf)

Max. ram stroke: 900 mm

Max. external dia. of sample tubes: 160 mm

B Overall dimensions- horizontal working position (lxwxh): 2730x409x1180 mm- vertical working position (lxwxh): 1025x409x1080 mm (without accessories)

A Weight approx.: net 160 kg

sCode For extruding from tube Ø int.

16-T0083/A4 101.6 mm OD Shelby16-T0083/A5 100 mm OD Shelby16-T0083/A6 88.9 mm OD Shelby16-T0083/A7 83 mm OD Shelby

Other sizes of extruder adaptors available on request.

16-D1179/A, 86-D1180/1

16-D1689 Open wire saw

16-D1690 Wire saw

16-D1691 Trimming knife

The following items are usedto gently crush individual particles for chemical tests.

STANDARDBS 1377:2, 1924:1 / ASTM D421

86-D1180/1

Porcelain mortar 125 mm dia. approx.

16-D1179/A

Rubber headed pestle

SAMPLE REDUCTION

16-T0028

Soil lathe/trimmer and extruder for soil samples from 35 mm to 100 mm dia

General description

Soil samples from 35 mm to 100 mm dia. can be trimmed and extruded with this simple device. To reduce samples, an open wire saw is required (model 16-D1689).

Specifications

Specimen lathe: from 35x70 to 100x200 mm

Specimen trimming and extrusion: from 35x70 to 50x100 mm

Vertical daylight: 260 mm

B Overall dimensions: 220x300x450 mm


16-T0028

16-D1690, 16-D1689, 16-D1691

. . . . . . Field classification, sampling, and preparationExtruding soil samples (continued) / Trimming and reducing samples

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Accessories and adaptors for 16-T0083/A


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

48

16-B0072

16-L0005/B

16-T0004

Models 65-L0005/2 16-B0072 Capacity (litres) 5 10 Planetary 62-125 8 positions from speeds (rpm) 50 to 150 rpm Spindle 140-285 8 positions from speeds (rpm) 180 to 540 rpm Power (W) 120 370 Overall dimensions (mm) 570x340x580 570x340x585 Weight approx. (kg) 38 32

sCodes sCodes

Spare bowl 65-L0005/2 16-B0072/6 Spare whisk 16-L0005/6S 16-B0072/8

16-L0005/B

Laboratory mixer 5 litres capacity complete with whisk. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

16-B0072

Laboratory mixer 10 litres capacity complete with whisk. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Used to mix soil samples and bituminous mixtures for compaction studies. Model described on this page are with 5 and 10 l capacity. The full range of mixers up to 30 l capacity is detailed in section 76 including electrically heated models.All models are supplied complete with whisk, which is ideal to mix granular mate-rials as prescribed by BS 598 standards. Other mixing paddles, beaters or hook are available on order but we strongly recom-

STANDARDNF P94-093

16-T0004

Soil cutter 11 l cap. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Ideal to disgregate clay lumps to prepare soil specimens to be compacted. Made in anodised aluminium and stainless steel.

Power (W): 1500

B Dimensions (lxwxh): 680x515x430 mm


mend not to use with granular materials and large aggregates as to avoid serious damage to the machines.

Operating principle

The planetary action ensures a comple-te and uniform mixing of the material. Variable speed drive. When lifting the tran-sparent cover, a safety switch cuts off the mixer to prevent accidents.

Note. Laboratory mixers and accessories for asphalt mixing are described on page 396.

Specifications

Field classification, sampling, and preparation . . . . . . Sample preparation: Sample mixers / Soil cutter

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Spare parts For 16-L0005/B For 16-B0072


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

49

s86-D0819 Silica gel (desiccator salts). 1000 g

s19-D1113/A Desiccator cabinet. Made from transparent plastic for a clear view of content. The unit includes adjustable shelves. Overall dimensions: 450x480x450 mm. Weight approx.: 30 kg

STANDARDBS 6576

The moisture content can be determined using Moisture testers based on the calcium carbide method. The soil sample is introduced in the bottle with the reagent. The water reacts with calcium carbide and develops a gas pressure, which is indicated on the mano-meter and easily converted in percentage of moisture.

19-T0019

Standard moisture tester

General description Weight on balance: from 3 to 100 gManometer: 0 to 12% range Set of 4 steel ballsBalance: Spring type Standard accessories: - 20 carbide ampoules- 3 test ampoules with 1 g of water for checking- 2 spare seals- 1 set of tools- 1 metal carrying caseB Dimensions: 520x340x140 mmA Weight approx.: 8 kg

86-D1110 Desiccator 200 mm dia.

86-D1110/A Desiccator 250 mm dia.

86-D1111 Desiccator 300 mm dia.

86-D1112 Vacuum type desiccator 200 mm dia.

86-D1112/A Vacuum type desiccator 250 mm dia.

86-D1113 Vacuum type desiccator 300 mm dia.

All models supplied with perforated plate.

19-D0602/B

- Simultaneous drying and weighing of sample

86-D1113, 86-D1110/A

19-D0602/B

Moisture determination balance 160 g capacity. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.

Automatically and simultaneously dries and weighs solid samples for the deter-mination of moisture content. Provides a continuous direct readout for both weight and percentage moisture loss through the entire cycle. Built-in timer 99 minutes with 1 minute intervals.

Specifications

Capacity/Resolution: 160 g x 0.001 g

Timer: 0 to 99 min

B Overall dimensions: 194x340x235 mm

A Weight: 11.5 kg approx.

19-D1113/A

19-T0019

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Moisture content Moisture determination balance / Calcium carbide meters / Desiccators

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s19-T0019/1 Spare reagent ampoules. Pack of 100 pieces

Spare parts

Accessories


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

50

s47-T0020/B Speedy calibration kit

s47-T0021 Moisture tester reagent. 0.4 kg

47-T0023/A with 47-T0021

47-T0024/A with 47-T0021

47-T0020/B

sCode 47-T0024/A 47-T0023/A Model S 2000 L 2000 Range 0-20% 0-20% Gauge divisions 0.2% 0.2% Standard weight on balance g 6 20 Case dimension mm 510x380x200 510x380x200Weight kg 5.5 6

STANDARDAASHTO T217

A well established portable test method for the determination of moisture content of soils, sand and fine aggregates. The proce-dure involves the reaction between water and calcium carbide which when mixed together give off a gas. The amount of gas is directly proportional to the amount of water present in the sample and results in percentage moisture are taken from a pressure gauge.Supplied complete with electronic balance, brushes and measure in a plastic carrying case.These models are available for moisture determination on 6 and 20 g samples as follows:

47-T0024/A with 47-T0021

47-T0023/A with 47-T0021

Moisture content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calcium carbide meters method (continued) / Speedy moisture testers

}}}}}}}}} SSSS SPEPEPEPEPPEEDEDEDEDEDYYYYY MOMOMOMOMOIIIIISSSSSPEPEPEPEPEEDEDEDEDEDYYYYY MOMOMOMOMOIIIIISSSSSSSSSSTUTUTUTUTURERERERERE TTTT TEEEEETUTUTUTUTURERERERERE TTTTTEEEEESSSSSSSSSSTETETETETERRRRRRTETETETETERRRRRRSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

N O T E When this item is for export there are limi-tations on the method of transportation. For export orders the reagent has to be ordered separately in special packs accor-ding to international regulations.

Accessories


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

51

86-D1113/1

s86-D1113/1 Safety cage for glass vacuum desiccators

s86-D0819 Silica gel (Desiccator salts)

86-D2010

Aspirator pump


Used with water current to produce a moderate vacuum. It can be used on all water pressures from approximately 0.7 kg/cm2.

A Weight approx.: 100 g

86-D1112/A, 86-D1110

86-D1125, D1126, D1127

86-D2010

LARGE PYKNOMETER METHOD

STANDARDBS 1377:2

48-D0441

Large pyknometer

Used for the determination of specific gra-vity of sands and fine aggregate. It consists of a glass jar 1 litre capacity, complete with metal cone and rubber seal.


STANDARDBS 1377:2, ASTM D854, AASHTO T100NF P94 054

Specific gravity bottles

Used to determine the specific gravity of fine soils. Glass bottle complete with capil-lary vent stopper. Three sizes available:

86-D1125: 25 ml cap. 86-D1126: 50 ml cap. 86-D1127: 100 ml cap.

Dessicators

86-D1110

Desiccator 200 mm dia. complete with plate

48-D0441

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laboratory classificationSpecific gravity and particle density

}}}}}}}}} PPPP PARARARARARTITITITITICLCLCLCLCLEEEEE DEDEDEDEDENSNSNSNSNSITITITITITTYYYYYY Y PPPPPARARARARARTITITITITICLCLCLCLCLEEEEE DEDEDEDEDENSNSNSNSNSITITITITITTYYYYYYY

}}}}}}}}} SSSS SPEPEPEPEPPECICICICICIFIFIFIFIFICCCCC GRGRGRGRGRAVAVAVAVAVITITITITITYYY.Y.Y. SSSSSPEPEPEPEPECICICICICIFIFIFIFIFICCCCC GRGRGRGRGRAVAVAVAVAVITITITITITYYY.Y.Y. PPPPPPPPPPYKYKYKYKYKNONONONONOMEMEMEMEMETETETETETERSRSRSRSRSRSSYKYKYKYKYKNONONONONOMEMEMEMEMETETETETETERSRSRSRSRSRSS

s76-B0066/1 Cover with cooling coil. For connection to mains water

s76-B0066/2 Adjustable tray

76-B0066/1

76-B0066/2 with two 86-D1127

76-B0066/B

76-B0066/BDigital circulating water bath. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.

76-B0066/BZDigital circulating water bath. 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph.

Used for the determination of particle density, small pyknometer method con-forming to BS 1377:2 and for general laboratory use

Specifications

Working capacity (litres): 20Max. water depth (mm): 150-180Power (W): 1200Temperature range (°C) ambient to: +60Digital resolution: 0.1°CInside dimensions (mm): 500x300Outside dimensions (mm): 540x340Weight approx. (kg): 9.5

Accessories

Accessories


86-D1112/A

Vacuum desiccator 250 mm dia. complete with plate

SOIL CLASSIFICATION

52

s86-D2004/A Vacuum pump

s86-D2064 Rubber tube for vacuum. 2 m length.

22-D1132

Gas jarGlass, 1 litre capacity, supplied complete with rubber bung and glass cover. Weight: 1.3 kg approx.

22-D1132

22-D2050 with pycnometers

STANDARDBS 1377:2

This method applies for soils containing up to 10% of particles retained on a 37.5 mm sieve.

22-D0445

End-over-end shaker.230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

Used to rotate two gas jars 22-D1132 at approx. 50 r.p.m. Weight: 20 kg approx.


A complete system for the evacuation of air from volumetric flasks during the specific gra-vity test. Complete with all valves, tubing, fittings and manometer capable of distributing and monitoring the vacuum supply for up to 4 volumetric flasks.



Laboratory classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specific gravity and particle density (continued)

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22-D2050

De-airing stand, 4 place

Accessories


22-D0445 with 22-D1132

SOIL CLASSIFICATION

53

s22-T0029/1 Penetration test cone, 30° angle,

s22-T0029/2 Cone test gauge to check the condition of the cone

s22-T0029/3 Penetration sample cup 55 mm dia. x 40 mm deep

s86-D1332 Penetration sample cup 75 mm dia. x 50 mm deep

s22-T0029/4 Penetration test cone 60° angle, 60 g weight

s22-T0029/5 Cone test gauge for cone 22-T0029/4



CONE PENETROMETER METHOD

STANDARDBS 1337:2, NF P94-052-1 CEN ISP/TS 17892-06,12

Cone penetrometers

Used to determine the moisture content at which clay soils pass from a plastic to a liquid state and used also for the determi-nation of undrained shear strenght ( CEN ISO/TS 17892-12). Two versions available: the standard one and the semiautomatic one where the cone is allowed to free fall for a period of 5 seconds. The apparatus features:

A cast iron base with levelling feetDigital penetration measurement gauge 0.01 mm precisionMicrometer vertical adjustment deviceAutomatic zeroingElectronic release mechanism (22-T0029/AD, model only)

Penetration cones must be ordered sepa-rately. See accessories.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laboratory classification Liquid limit: cone method

}}}}}}}}} LLLL LIQIQIQIQQIQQUIUIUIUIUIDDDDD LLLLLIQIQIQIQQIQQUIUIUIUIUIDDDDD LLLLLLLLLLIMIMIMIMIMITITITITITITT IMIMIMIMIMITITITITITITT 22-T0029/D Digital liquid limit penetrometer with micrometric vertical adjustment

22-T0029/AD

Semiautomatic digital liquid limit penetrometer with micrometric digital adjustment

Other test equipment to perform the test

s22-T0040/4 Glass plate 500x500x10 mm

s86-D1631 Flexible spatula 160 mm long

s86-D1172 Evaporating dish 160 mm dia.

s86-D1537 Wash bottle 500 ml cap.

s86-D1346 Lever lid tin 1 l cap.

s82-D1231 Stop watch

22-T0029/AD with 22-T0029/1 and 22-T0029/222-T0029/D with 22-T0029/1 and 22-T0029/3

22-T0029/4, 22-T0029/7, 22-T0029/8

Accessories


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

54

s22-T0034 Spare brass cup. For all models

s22-T0034/1 Roughened cup accor-ding to DIN and NF standarda. For all models. Suggested fpr sandy/silty clays.

22-T0031/E

Used to determine the moisture content at which clay soils pass from a plastic to a liquid state

STANDARDASTM D4318 / BS 1377:2 / NF P94-051 / DIN 18122 / UNE 7377, 7002 / UNI 10014


Comprises: removable brass cup, adjustable crank and cam mechanism, blow counter, and base. Different models are available conforming to the various specifications in use. They are identical in shape and dif-ferent generally according to type of base and cup weight. Two versions available: hand operated and motor operated. The grooving tool has to be ordered separa-tely.

sCode Standards Grooving tool sCode 22-T0030/E BS 1377:2 22-T0032/P 22-T0030/F ASTM D4318 22-T0032/AP and UNE 7377 22-T0032/A 22-T0030/F UNI 10014 22-T0033 22-T0030/G NF P94-051 22-T0032/A

Note. Grooving tool models 22-T0032/P and 22-T0032/AP are made of plastic and supplied in pack of 10.

Hand operated models and corresponding grooving tool

sCode Standards Voltage Grooving tool sCode 22-T0031/E BS 1377:2 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph. 22-T0032/P 22-T0031/F ASTM D4318 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph. 22-T0032/AP and UNE 737722-T0031/F UNI 10014 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph. 22-T0033 22-T0031/FZ ASTM D4318 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph. 22-T0032/AP 22-T0032/A 22-T0031/G NF P94-051 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph. 22-T0032/A

22-T0032/AP

22-T0040/4, 86-D1171/A, 86-D1329, 86-D1630, 86-D1631, 86-D1537

22-T0030/E

22-T0032/P22-T0033, T0034/1 22-T0032/A

22-T0040/4, 86-D1631, 86-D1172, 82-D1231, 86-D1537, 86-D1346

Other test equipment to perform the test

s22-T0040/4 Glass plate 500x500x10 mm



s86-D1537 Wash bottle 500 ml cap.

s86-D1171/A Porcelain dish 120 mm dia.

s86-D1329 Moisture content tin 75 mm dia. x 30 mm

Motor operated models and corresponding grooving tool

Laboratory classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

}}}}}}}}} LLLL LIQIQIQIQQIQQUIUIUIUIUIDDDDD LLLLLIQIQIQIQQIQQUIUIUIUIUIDDDDD LLLLLLLLLLIMIMIMIMIMITITITITIT DDDD DEVEVEVEVEVICICICICICEEEEEEIMIMIMIMIMITITITITIT DDDDDEVEVEVEVEVICICICICICEEEEEEESESESSESESS ESESESSESESS

Liquid limit: Casagrande method

Spare parts and Accessories


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

SOIL TESTING

55

22-T0062/1, 22-T0062/2, 22-T0058/A, 22-T0062/3

STANDARDBS 1377:2

22-T0037

Linear shrinkagemould

Internal dimensions: 140 mm long, 12.5 mm radius


STANDARDASTM D4318 / AASHTO T90 / BS 1377:2 UNE 103-104 / UNI 10014 / NF P94-051

22-T0041

Plastic limit test set

The set comprises:

s22-T0040/1 Plastic limit plate 300x300 mm

s22-T0040/2 Stainless steel rod 3 mm dia. s86-D1171 Mixing dish 120 mm dia.

s86-D1630 Spatula

s86-D1329/A Moisture tin 75 mm dia. x 30 mm (Q.ty 6).

Each item can be ordered individually.


BY THE PIPETTE METHOD

STANDARDBS 1377:2

To perform the test the following specific parts and apparatus are required:

22-T0062/1

Andreasen pipetteUsed to extract precise quantities of the soil suspension ready for analysis during the particle size distribution test.


22-T0041

22-T0062/5

STANDARDASTM D427 / AASHTO T92 / UNE 103-108UNI 10014 / NF XP94-060-1

22-T0035

Shrinkage limit set

The set comprises:

s22-T0035/1 Shrinkage dish 45 mm dia. x 12.7 mm high (Q.ty 2)

s22-T0035/2 Crystallising dish 57 mm dia. x 31 mm deep

s22-T0035/3 Shrinkage prong plate. Manufactured from transparent acrylic and fitted with 3 metal prongs

s86-D1171 Evaporating dish

s86-D1630 Spatula

s86-D1001 Graduated cylinder 25 ml.

Plastic carrying case

A Weight approx.: 2 kgEach item can be ordered individually.

(CONTINUED)

22-T0062/5

Conical beaker 1000 ml

22-T0062/2

Pipette stand with millimetre scaleUsed to precisely raise or lower the Andreasen pipette to its required level without disturbing the suspension under test.


22-T0062/3Sedimentation cylinder 500 ml with rubber bungUsed to contain the test suspension during the pipette method particle size distribu-tion test.

22-T0058/A

Constant temperature water bath. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.

22-T0058/AZ

Constant temperature water bath. 110 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.B Dimensions: (lxdxh) 600x300x380 mm

A Weight: 10,5 kg

22-T0037

22-T0035

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laboratory classificationShrinkage limit / Linear shrinkage / Plastic limit / Particle size analysis

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SOIL CLASSIFICATION

56

s22-T0060/21 Glass tank for 22-T0058/A water bath

22-T0059/A

22-T0062/A

HYDROMETER METHOD

STANDARDASTM D422 / AASHTO T88 / UNE 103.102

To determine the particle size distribution of very fine materials such as silt and clay. To perform the test the following appara-tus is required which can be selected as single items or grouped in a complete set (see 22-T0059/A).

22-T0059/A

Particle size analysis, hydrometer method, ASTM D422 – AASHTO T88, complete set. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.*

* 110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph. version available on order.

Consisting of:

s22-D1006/A Hydrometer jar 1000 ml (No. 6 pieces)

s22-T0060/31 Rubber bung for 22-D1006/A jar

s22-T0060/A (1) Soil hydrometer 151 H. 0.995 – 1.038 g/ml

s82-D1199 Glass thermometer 0-50°C, div. 0.5°C

s22-T0058/A Constant temperature water bath Complete with heater, thermostat and cir-culating unit. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.(alternative to 22-T0060/A)110 V, 60 Hz, 1 ph. versions available on order

Capacity: up to 6 cylinders


s22-T0060/1 High speed stirrer, 10000 rpm, with cup and baffle. 230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.

s86-D0802 Sodium hexametaphosphate 1000 g

s86-D1073 Beaker 250 cc

A Total weight approx.: 25 kg

s22-T0060/B (1)

Soil hydrometer 152 H - 5 to 60 g/l( alternative to 22-T0060/A)

22-T0058/3 cooling coil fitted to the glass tank

BY THE HYDROMETER METHOD

STANDARD: BS 1377:2

Substantially the test is very similar to that one conforming the ASTM/AASHTO standards except for some specific test apparatus that are listed below.

22-T0062/A

Soil hydrometer, long stem. 0.995 – 1.030 g/ml. BS 1377/NF

22-D0445End-over-end shaker. 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 ph.

STANDARD NF P94-057

22-D1007/A

Hydrometer jar 2500 cm3 cap., 85 ±5 mm dia., graduated at 500, 1500 and 2000 cm3

Laboratory classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Particle size analysis by the hydrometer method

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Accessories

s22-T0058/3 Cooling coil with clamps. Weight: 2,2 kg

Spare parts

SOIL CLASSIFICATION

22-T0062/A

Soil hydrometer 0.995 to 1.030 g/ml

22-D1007/A1

Hand stirrer 600 mm long

57

s24-D1840/1 Ion exchange resin 500 g

24-D1858/1

pH Strips 1 to 12 pH

24-D1858/2

pH Indicator papers 0 - 14 pHSupplied in 5 metre dispenser.

24-D1859/1

Litmus paper red 5 - 8 pHSupplied in 5 metre dispenser.

STANDARDBS 1377:3, 812:117

This test method provides a measurement of water soluble chloride salts present in an aggregate. It is based on the Volhard method. Pack of 50 strips.

48-D0543

Quantab chloride titrator, type 1175 (711195), range 0.005% to 0.1% Na Cl. Pack of 50 strips

48-D0543/A

Quantab chloride titrator, type 1176 (711196), range 0.05% to 1% Na Cl. Pack of 50 strips


STANDARDBS 1377:3

24-D1840

Ion exchange apparatus


This apparatus is used to determine the sulphate content of ground water and aqueous soil extracts. It consists of an ion exchange column 400 mm long and 10 mm dia., a swan-neck outlet and a 1500 ml round bottom flask to give a constant head. The apparatus is supplied assembled on a stand.

B Dimensions: 200x100x600 mm approx.


24-D0448

Magnetic stirrer. Mixing capacity 1 l230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.

24-D0448/B

Magnetic stirrer. Mixing capacity 2.5 l230 V, 50-60 Hz, 1 ph.

Used for titration and stirring. Variable speed. Magnetic teflon coated follower included.

B Dimensions: 120x120x45 mm approx. (24-D0448) 180x180x70 mm approx. (24-D0448/B)

A Weight approx.: 0.6 kg / 1.6 kg

24-D1840

24-D0448

48-D0543, D0543/A

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical testspH Papers / Magnetic stirrer / Sulphate and Chloride content

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}}}}}}}}} MMMM MMAGAGAGAGAAGNENENENENETITITITITICCCCC STSTSTSTSTIRIRIRIRIRREREREREREERRRRRR R MMMMMMAGAGAGAGAAGNENENENENETITITITITICCCCC STSTSTSTSTIRIRIRIRIRREREREREREERRRRRRR

}}}}}}}}} SSSS SULULULULUULPHPHPHPHPHATATATATATEEEEE COCOCOCOCONTNTNTNTNTENENENENENTTTTT DEDEDEDEDETETETETETERMRMRMRMRMINININININATATATATATIOIOIOIOOIONNNNNN N SSSSSULULULULUULPHPHPHPHPHATATATATATEEEEE COCOCOCOCONTNTNTNTNTENENENENENTTTTT DEDEDEDEDETETETETETERMRMRMRMRMINININININATATATATATIOIOIOIOOIONNNNNNN }}}}}}}}} CCCC CHLHLHLHLHHLORORORORORIDIDIDIDIDEEEEE CCCCCHLHLHLHLHHLORORORORORIDIDIDIDIDEEEEE CCCCCCCCCCONONONONONTETETETETENTNTNTNTNTNTT ONONONONONTETETETETENTNTNTNTNTNTT


Accessories

24-D0852 Sulphate test strips. Pack of 100

SOIL CLASSIFICATION

58

Accessories and spares

24-D1847

STANDARDBS 1377:3, ASTM D1067

24-D1845

Laboratory pH / mV / °C meter. Battery and mains operated

24-D1846

Portable pH / mV / °C meter. Battery operated

24-D1847

Pocket electronic pH tester. Battery operated

Specifications: see table.

24-D1845 24-D1846 24-D1847 Range: pH 0.00 to 14.00 0.00 to 14.00 0.00 to 14.00 mV ±1999 (ORP) ± 400 to ± 1999 (ORP) - °C 0.0 to 100.0 0.0 to 100.0 -Resolution: pH 0.01 0.01 0.01 mV 1 (ORP) 1 (ORP) - °C 0.1 0.1 -Accuracy at 20°C pH ± 0.01 ± 0.01 ± 0.2 mV ±1 (ORP) ± 1 (ORP) - °C ± 0.5 ± 0.4 -pH calibration Automatic 1 or 2 points Automatic 2 points Manual 2 points with 5 memorised buffers with 3 memorised buffers through trimmerTemperature Automatic or manual from Automatic from 0 to 100°C -compensation 0 to 100°C or manual without electrode temperature probe Power supply * 12 V DC with 230 V 1 x 9 V battery 2 x 1.4 V batteries adapter included (100 hours use approx.) (3000 hours use approx.)B Dimensions 240x182x74 mm 185x82x45 mm 66x50x25 mmA Weight 1.1 kg 0.5 kg 70 g

* Note. For use with 110 V ask for the 24-D1845/1 Adapter

sFor models s24-D1845 s24-D1846 s24-D1847 Combination pH electrode 24-D1845/2 24-D1846/2 24-D1847/2 pH 4.01 buffer solution 24-D1845/3 24-D1845/3 -pH 7.01 buffer solution 24-D1845/4 24-D1845/4 -pH 9.18 buffer solution 24-D1845/5 24-D1845/5 -Temperature probe 24-D1845/6 24-D1845/6 -Kit of 5+5 pH 4 and 7.5 - - 24-D1847/7110 V adapter 24-D1845/1 - -Magnetic stirrer 24-D0448 - -

24-D1845 with magnetic stirrer

Specifications

}}}}}}}}} PPPP PHHHHHH MEMEMEMEMETETETETETERSRSRSRSRSRSSPPPPPHHHHHH MEMEMEMEMETETETETETERSRSRSRSRSRSS

Chemical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ph Meters


SOIL CLASSIFICATION

24-D1846

59

24-D1870/A

Acidity test kit

Acidity is the quantitative capacity of a water sample to neutralise a base to a set pH. Therefore the greater acidity the more potentially corrosive the water. The kit is supplied complete with 30 and 100 ml calibrated vessels, reagents, graduated syringe with pipette tip and instructions.


A Shipping weight: 910 g

24-D1860/A

Soil colour chart. Set of 7

24-D1860/T

Tropical soil colour chart. Set of 2


Used by civil engineers, agronomists, soil scientists etc. for the determination of soil colour.For 24-D1860/A the set consists of 7 constant hue charts showing 196 colours. Chart and diagram are fitted in a pocket size binder.For 24-D1860/T the set consists of 2 charts which can be fitted into the binder of 24-D1860/A.

B Dimensions: 140x190 mm approx.


24-D1870/B and 24-D1870/C

24-D1870/A

24-D1860/A

24-D1870/B

Chloride test kit

Chloride ions are one of the major inorga-nic anions in water and wastewater. The kit is supplied complete with 30 and 100 ml calibrated vessels, reagents, graduated syringe with pipette tip and instructions.



24-D1870/C

Hardness test kit

In history, water hardness was defined by the capacity of water to precipitate soap. The ionic species in the water causing the precipitation was later found to be calcium and magnesium. The kit is supplied complete with 30 and 100 ml calibrated vessels, reagents, graduated syringe with pipette tip and instructions.



. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical testspH Papers / Sulphate and Chloride content

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SOIL CLASSIFICATION

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