"soil health preservation, soil biodiversity and nutrient cycling "
TRANSCRIPT
Soil health preservation, soil biodiversity and nutrient cycling
Regional Symposium on Agroecology for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems
in Europe and Central Asia
Dr. Roberto García-Ruiz(University of Jaén, Spain)
Intraspecific & interspecific competition
Predators & preys Herbivory Parasitism & hostsParasitoide & host
Mutualism
Reproduction
Photosynthesizers Decomposers Soil engineerings
ShreddersBacterial feeders Fungal feeders
Stability of soil aggregates
Improve soil porosity and density
Enhance soil formation
Improve soil water retention and buffer soil water contentProvide available nutrientsBuffer and improve soil pH
and temperature
(agro)-Ecosystems servicies
Humus formation (C sequestration)1000000000000 euros
(Pimentel et al., 1997; van der Putten
et al., 2004)
SOIL HEALTH
Capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within ecosystem and
land-use boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or
enhance water and air quality, and promote plant
and animal health
Control soil-borne pathogens and parasites
Only "living" things can have health, so viewing soil as a living ecosystem reflects a fundamental
shift in the way we care for our nation's soils: Soil security concept
(agro)-Ecosystems servicies
SOIL HEALTHThis multi-trophic
level communities biodiversity enhances process stability: provide
both resistance and resilience
Stability of soil aggregates
Improve soil porosity and density
Enhance soil formation
Improve soil water retention and buffer soil water content
Provide available nutrientsBuffer and improve soil pH
and temperatureHumus formation (C sequestration)
Control soil-borne pathogens and parasites
This multi-trophiclevel communities biodiversityOrganic matter
Natural inputs(rainfall, N fixation..)
Natural inputs(parent material weathering)
Natural losses
(denitrification, erosion, leaching)
Biochemical, microbiological and geochemical processes
Organic matter
External energy
(Water, control diseases,
fertilisers…)
Natural inputs(rainfall, N fixation..)
Natural inputs(parent material weathering)
Natural losses
(denitrification, erosion, leaching)
Yield
Man-made losses(denitrification, erosion, leaching)
External inputs
Organic matter
External energy
(Water, control diseases,
fertilisers…)
Agricultural management
decisionsLocal knowledge/r
esources
Cropping systems
Planned diversity(Plant and animal choice and spacio-temporal arragement)
Organic matter inputs
Quantity and quality
Soil biodiversity and functioning
Roots exudates
Low input, resistance to pest & weed varietal mixtures
RotationsIntercropping
Diverse cover cropsMix legumesPolyculturesAgroforestry
Integration of livestock
Habitat manipulation
Low soil perturbation
External organic matter input
Green manure,manure, compost of
various sources and origin
Each function is delivered by multiple components/practices & each component/practices
has multiple functions
Natural inputs(rainfall, N fixation..)
Natural inputs(parent material weathering)
Natural losses
(denitrification, erosion, leaching)P, K,….
C, N, P,
K….
Yield
Man-made losses
(denitrification, erosion, leaching)
C & N
P, K, Ca, Mg...
Green manuremanure
by-products of agroindustriesKi
tche
n w
aste
s
Human wastes
Society
Agricultural management
decisionsLocal knowledge/r
esources
Cropping systems
Planned diversity(Plant and animal choice and spacio-temporal arragement)
Organic matter inputs
Quantity and quality
Soil biodiversity and functioning
Roots exudates
Pest soil biota
Aerial pest
Soil health, quality and chemical and physical
fertility
Biological control
Ecosystems engineering & soil foodwebs interactions
Sustainable plant production
Rhizosphere
symbionts
OM management
for pest control
Resistence to diseases
Low input, resistance to pest weed varietal mixtures
RotationsIntercropping
Diverse cover cropsMix egumesPolyculturesAgroforestry
Integration of livestock
Habitat manipulation
Low soil perturbation
Organic matter input
Green manure,manure, compost of
various sources and origin
THANK YOU VERY MUCH