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Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms Z. Kabir, Ph.D. Regional Soil Health Specialist for CA, NV & Pacific Islands Area National Soil Health Division USDA-NRCS Davis, CA USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.

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Page 1: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms

Z Kabir PhDRegional Soil Health Specialist for CA NV amp Pacific Islands AreaNational Soil Health DivisionUSDA-NRCSDavis CA

USDA is an equal opportunity provider employer and lender

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Hello everyone and welcome I am going talk about how we can implement all SH principles in organic farming systems13

Soil Health Definition

Soil Health is the Continued Capacity of the Soil to Function as a Vital Ecosystem that Sustains Plants

Animals and Humans

eschooltodaycom

This is an ideal soil however in our soil proportions are changing due to intensive Ag practices causing

bull Soil erosion bull Organic matter depletionbull Compactionbull Disappearing soil life

Presenter
Presentation Notes
USDA-NRCS soil health definition This are the

NDSU adapted from Gabe Brow

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is an example in ND Top soil in 1960 was 34 inches deep in 2014 however that top soil was 15 inches deep a stunning 56 loss These is all over the nation In the same field SOM had gone from 8 to lt3 in 2014 look at the ramification of that

DOMINANT FARMING SYSTEMS POOR SOIL HEALTHhellip

Photos Bianca Moebius-Clune

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is some example of poor soil structures amp poorly functioning soil due to intensive ag practices

Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils

Minimize Disturbance

Maximize Soil Cover

Maximize Biodiversity

Provide Continuous Living Roots

Image courtesy of Barry Fisher NRCS-SHD

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The NRCS Soil Health Division identified four core soil health principles 1 Provide continuous living roots to feed the below ground life 2 Maximize biodiversity to feed above and below ground life 3 Maximize soil cover to protect soil from erosion 4 Minimize disturbance to increase soil aggregation and organic matter and to protect soil life13Irsquom here to present you how sh principles are related to organic production sys

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Organic farming systems are strong in three of the four soil health principles

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Minimize disturbance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
However the other Soil Health principle ldquominimize soil disturbancerdquo is not as strong as for some non-organic farming systems due to lack of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in organic systems

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 2: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Soil Health Definition

Soil Health is the Continued Capacity of the Soil to Function as a Vital Ecosystem that Sustains Plants

Animals and Humans

eschooltodaycom

This is an ideal soil however in our soil proportions are changing due to intensive Ag practices causing

bull Soil erosion bull Organic matter depletionbull Compactionbull Disappearing soil life

Presenter
Presentation Notes
USDA-NRCS soil health definition This are the

NDSU adapted from Gabe Brow

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is an example in ND Top soil in 1960 was 34 inches deep in 2014 however that top soil was 15 inches deep a stunning 56 loss These is all over the nation In the same field SOM had gone from 8 to lt3 in 2014 look at the ramification of that

DOMINANT FARMING SYSTEMS POOR SOIL HEALTHhellip

Photos Bianca Moebius-Clune

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is some example of poor soil structures amp poorly functioning soil due to intensive ag practices

Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils

Minimize Disturbance

Maximize Soil Cover

Maximize Biodiversity

Provide Continuous Living Roots

Image courtesy of Barry Fisher NRCS-SHD

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The NRCS Soil Health Division identified four core soil health principles 1 Provide continuous living roots to feed the below ground life 2 Maximize biodiversity to feed above and below ground life 3 Maximize soil cover to protect soil from erosion 4 Minimize disturbance to increase soil aggregation and organic matter and to protect soil life13Irsquom here to present you how sh principles are related to organic production sys

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Organic farming systems are strong in three of the four soil health principles

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Minimize disturbance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
However the other Soil Health principle ldquominimize soil disturbancerdquo is not as strong as for some non-organic farming systems due to lack of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in organic systems

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 3: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

NDSU adapted from Gabe Brow

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is an example in ND Top soil in 1960 was 34 inches deep in 2014 however that top soil was 15 inches deep a stunning 56 loss These is all over the nation In the same field SOM had gone from 8 to lt3 in 2014 look at the ramification of that

DOMINANT FARMING SYSTEMS POOR SOIL HEALTHhellip

Photos Bianca Moebius-Clune

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is some example of poor soil structures amp poorly functioning soil due to intensive ag practices

Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils

Minimize Disturbance

Maximize Soil Cover

Maximize Biodiversity

Provide Continuous Living Roots

Image courtesy of Barry Fisher NRCS-SHD

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The NRCS Soil Health Division identified four core soil health principles 1 Provide continuous living roots to feed the below ground life 2 Maximize biodiversity to feed above and below ground life 3 Maximize soil cover to protect soil from erosion 4 Minimize disturbance to increase soil aggregation and organic matter and to protect soil life13Irsquom here to present you how sh principles are related to organic production sys

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Organic farming systems are strong in three of the four soil health principles

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Minimize disturbance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
However the other Soil Health principle ldquominimize soil disturbancerdquo is not as strong as for some non-organic farming systems due to lack of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in organic systems

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 4: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

DOMINANT FARMING SYSTEMS POOR SOIL HEALTHhellip

Photos Bianca Moebius-Clune

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is some example of poor soil structures amp poorly functioning soil due to intensive ag practices

Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils

Minimize Disturbance

Maximize Soil Cover

Maximize Biodiversity

Provide Continuous Living Roots

Image courtesy of Barry Fisher NRCS-SHD

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The NRCS Soil Health Division identified four core soil health principles 1 Provide continuous living roots to feed the below ground life 2 Maximize biodiversity to feed above and below ground life 3 Maximize soil cover to protect soil from erosion 4 Minimize disturbance to increase soil aggregation and organic matter and to protect soil life13Irsquom here to present you how sh principles are related to organic production sys

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Organic farming systems are strong in three of the four soil health principles

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Minimize disturbance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
However the other Soil Health principle ldquominimize soil disturbancerdquo is not as strong as for some non-organic farming systems due to lack of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in organic systems

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 5: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils

Minimize Disturbance

Maximize Soil Cover

Maximize Biodiversity

Provide Continuous Living Roots

Image courtesy of Barry Fisher NRCS-SHD

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The NRCS Soil Health Division identified four core soil health principles 1 Provide continuous living roots to feed the below ground life 2 Maximize biodiversity to feed above and below ground life 3 Maximize soil cover to protect soil from erosion 4 Minimize disturbance to increase soil aggregation and organic matter and to protect soil life13Irsquom here to present you how sh principles are related to organic production sys

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Organic farming systems are strong in three of the four soil health principles

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Minimize disturbance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
However the other Soil Health principle ldquominimize soil disturbancerdquo is not as strong as for some non-organic farming systems due to lack of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in organic systems

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 6: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Organic farming systems are strong in three of the four soil health principles

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Minimize disturbance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
However the other Soil Health principle ldquominimize soil disturbancerdquo is not as strong as for some non-organic farming systems due to lack of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in organic systems

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 7: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles

Soil Cover

Living Roots

Biodiversity

Minimize disturbance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
However the other Soil Health principle ldquominimize soil disturbancerdquo is not as strong as for some non-organic farming systems due to lack of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in organic systems

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 8: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied

Minor Organic Farm Albuquerque NM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In this picture we can see the diversity of crops living roots and soil cover But you may notice the planting strip is tilled mainly for weed control

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 9: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Tillage can causebull Soil organic matter lossbull Air pollutionbull Reduce Aggregate stabilitybull Reducing soil biologybull Increase evaporationbull Increase runoff

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Tillage can be an effective tools for weed control but it has a lot of detrimental effects 131313 opportunistic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter that feeds the soil biology stabilizes aggregates and holds water and nutrients It also directly destroys mycorrhizal networks that are important for soil stabilization and plant nutrient uptake13132 loss of SOM = 2400 lbs Nac flipside adding 2 SOM would conserve 80000 gallons of water which is equivalent of 55rdquo of RF water

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 10: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation

Agro-chemical based ndashno cover crop -representative of typical California Central Valley system

Managed according to USDA guidelinesndash WLCC and organic fertility from composted poultry manure

Intermediate system ndash Fertility from Winter Legume Cover Crop (WLCC) and some supplemental inorganic fertilizers occasional pesticides and herbicides

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Z Kabir

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Russell Ranch long-term field study evaluating 3 systems 1) conventional 2) Low Input amp 3) organic

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 11: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

STANDARD TILLAGE

CONSERVATION TILLAGE

bullFarming Systems bullTillage Practices

Conventional

Low Input

Organic

Russell Ranch UC Davis 2002 ndash 2008 long-term farming system evaluation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was started with ST in all farming systems but in 2002 each plot was divided into two subplots to observe the CT effect on soil health and related parameters Conservation Tillage has at least 40 fewer passes eliminates the fall tillage and gt30 residue remain on the soil surface

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

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Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 12: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

128 215-218 219-221 227 34 321

Event Date

o

f rai

nfal

l as

disc

harg

e

00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Even

t Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

RT ST RainfallC

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Percent of rainfall as runoff from the end of furrows is on the left Y-axis amp event rainfall is on the right Y axis The X-axis shows rainfall event dates in CT and ST systems On the average ST has significantly more runoff than CT in the organic system1313

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 13: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Chart2

Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
104854961245
131437909167
118210820184
86195389718
289987923741
428357795983
112239113446
135868400487
302779776824
768247194927
174977391958
294843794323

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
128 128 10 0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
215-218 215-218 00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
219-221 219-221 00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
227 227 00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
34 34 00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
321 321 00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 14: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Rainfall

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Jan 10 11th 2005 Jan 27 28th 2005 Feb 15 16 2005 18-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 Feb 2021 2005 Feb 2728 2005 March 3 4 2005 March 21 22 2005
Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name Site Name
Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity Isco Quantity
Label RF Label RF Label RF Label Label RF Label RF Label RF Label RF Label
Discharge Sample Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall Units Rainfall
Date Date Total (mm) Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall Resolution Rainfall
1011 -Jan-05 11-Jan-05 1980 Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm Significant Digits mm
2728 -Jan-05 28-Jan-05 1530
1516 -Feb-05 1516 - Feb-05 2860 11005 1705 0 12705 1950 0 21505 705 0 21805 505 0 21905 1405 0 22005 2005 0 12705 1950 0 32105 1505 0
18-Feb-05 18-Feb-05 810 11005 1710 0 12705 1955 0 21505 710 0 21805 510 0 21905 1410 0 22005 2010 0 12705 1955 0 32105 1510 0
19-Feb-05 19-Feb-05 1300 11005 1715 0 12705 2000 0 21505 715 0 21805 515 0 21905 1415 0 22005 2015 0 12705 2000 0 32105 1515 0
2021 -Feb-05 2021 Feb-05 1770 11005 1720 0 12705 2005 0 21505 720 0 21805 520 0 21905 1420 0 22005 2020 0 12705 2005 0 32105 1520 0
27-Feb-05 27-Feb-05 1530 11005 1725 0 12705 2010 01 21505 725 0 21805 525 01 21905 1425 01 22005 2025 0 12705 2010 01 32105 1525 0
34 Mar-05 4-Mar-05 1000 11005 1730 0 12705 2015 0 21505 730 0 21805 530 0 21905 1430 01 22005 2030 0 12705 2015 0 32105 1530 0
2122 -Mar-05 21-Mar-05 3280 11005 1735 0 12705 2020 01 21505 735 0 21805 535 0 21905 1435 01 22005 2035 0 12705 2020 01 32105 1535 0
Total 16060 11005 1740 0 12705 2025 01 21505 740 0 21805 540 01 21905 1440 03 22005 2040 0 12705 2025 01 32105 1540 0
11005 1745 05 12705 2030 02 21505 745 0 21805 545 01 21905 1445 03 22005 2045 0 12705 2030 02 32105 1545 0
11005 1750 03 12705 2035 05 21505 750 0 21805 550 01 21905 1450 02 22005 2050 01 12705 2035 05 32105 1550 0
11005 1755 03 12705 2040 03 21505 755 0 21805 555 04 21905 1455 01 22005 2055 0 12705 2040 03 32105 1555 0
11005 1800 01 12705 2045 03 21505 800 0 21805 600 03 21905 1500 02 22005 2100 0 12705 2045 03 32105 1600 0
11005 1805 0 12705 2050 01 21505 805 0 21805 605 02 21905 1505 02 22005 2105 0 12705 2050 01 32105 1605 0
11005 1810 0 12705 2055 0 21505 810 0 21805 610 03 21905 1510 01 22005 2110 0 12705 2055 0 32105 1610 0
11005 1815 01 12705 2100 0 21505 815 0 21805 615 03 21905 1515 01 22005 2115 01 12705 2100 0 32105 1615 0
11005 1820 03 12705 2105 0 21505 820 0 21805 620 04 21905 1520 0 22005 2120 0 12705 2105 0 32105 1620 01
11005 1825 01 12705 2110 0 21505 825 0 21805 625 02 21905 1525 01 22005 2125 01 12705 2110 0 32105 1625 0
11005 1830 01 12705 2115 01 21505 830 0 21805 630 04 21905 1530 02 22005 2130 0 12705 2115 01 32105 1630 0
11005 1835 0 12705 2120 0 21505 835 0 21805 635 02 21905 1535 04 22005 2135 0 12705 2120 0 32105 1635 01
11005 1840 0 12705 2125 0 21505 840 0 21805 640 06 21905 1540 04 22005 2140 0 12705 2125 0 32105 1640 0
11005 1845 02 12705 2130 0 21505 845 01 21805 645 05 21905 1545 04 22005 2145 01 12705 2130 0 32105 1645 01
11005 1850 02 12705 2135 0 21505 850 01 21805 650 05 21905 1550 03 22005 2150 0 12705 2135 0 32105 1650 0
11005 1855 01 12705 2140 01 21505 855 02 21805 655 05 21905 1555 04 22005 2155 01 12705 2140 01 32105 1655 0
11005 1900 03 12705 2145 0 21505 900 01 21805 700 04 21905 1600 11 22005 2200 01 12705 2145 0 32105 1700 01
11005 1905 04 12705 2150 0 21505 905 02 21805 705 05 21905 1605 11 22005 2205 01 12705 2150 0 32105 1705 0
11005 1910 04 12705 2155 01 21505 910 01 21805 710 02 21905 1610 07 22005 2210 01 12705 2155 01 32105 1710 01
11005 1915 05 12705 2200 01 21505 915 02 21805 715 02 21905 1615 05 22005 2215 02 12705 2200 01 32105 1715 0
11005 1920 04 12705 2205 03 21505 920 01 21805 720 0 21905 1620 06 22005 2220 02 12705 2205 03 32105 1720 02
11005 1925 07 12705 2210 0 21505 925 02 21805 725 0 21905 1625 05 22005 2225 01 12705 2210 0 32105 1725 01
11005 1930 12 12705 2215 0 21505 930 01 21805 730 01 21905 1630 1 22005 2230 01 12705 2215 0 32105 1730 01
11005 1935 08 12705 2220 0 21505 935 02 21805 732 21905 1635 1 22005 2235 02 12705 2220 0 32105 1735 0
11005 1940 07 12705 2225 02 21505 940 01 21805 735 0 21905 1640 09 22005 2240 02 12705 2225 02 32105 1740 01
11005 1945 04 12705 2230 0 21505 945 02 21805 740 02 21905 1645 06 22005 2245 02 12705 2230 0 32105 1745 01
11005 1950 04 12705 2235 0 21505 950 02 21805 745 01 21905 1650 03 22005 2250 03 12705 2235 0 32105 1750 01
11005 1955 03 12705 2240 01 21505 955 02 21805 750 0 21905 1653 22005 2255 03 12705 2240 01 32105 1755 02
11005 2000 04 12705 2245 04 21505 1000 02 21805 755 01 21905 1655 01 22005 2300 02 12705 2245 04 32105 1800 01
11005 2005 05 12705 2250 02 21505 1005 0 21805 800 0 21905 1700 01 22005 2305 02 12705 2250 02 32105 1805 0
11005 2010 03 12705 2255 03 21505 1010 0 21805 805 0 21905 1705 0 22005 2310 03 12705 2255 03 32105 1810 01
11005 2015 03 12705 2300 01 21505 1015 0 21805 810 0 21905 1710 0 22005 2315 03 12705 2300 01 32105 1815 01
11005 2020 03 12705 2305 04 21505 1020 0 21805 815 0 21905 1715 01 22005 2320 03 12705 2305 04 32105 1820 02
11005 2025 02 12705 2310 03 21505 1025 0 21805 820 0 21905 1720 0 22005 2325 02 12705 2310 03 32105 1825 01
11005 2030 01 12705 2315 03 21505 1030 01 21805 825 0 21905 1725 0 22005 2330 03 12705 2315 03 32105 1830 02
11005 2035 0 12705 2320 02 21505 1035 0 21805 830 05 21905 1730 0 22005 2335 02 12705 2320 02 32105 1835 01
11005 2040 01 12705 2325 01 21505 1040 02 21805 832 21905 1735 0 22005 2340 04 12705 2325 01 32105 1840 02
11005 2045 0 12705 2330 03 21505 1045 02 21805 835 01 21905 1740 02 22005 2345 02 12705 2330 03 32105 1845 01
11005 2050 0 12705 2335 02 21505 1050 02 21805 840 01 21905 1745 01 22005 2350 02 12705 2335 02 32105 1850 02
11005 2055 0 12705 2340 03 21505 1055 02 21805 845 02 21905 1750 0 22005 2355 01 12705 2340 03 32105 1855 03
11005 2100 0 12705 2345 06 21505 1100 02 21805 850 01 21905 1753 22105 000 03 12705 2345 06 32105 1900 03
11005 2102 12705 2350 03 21505 1105 0 21805 855 0 21905 1755 0 22105 005 03 12705 2350 03 32105 1905 01
11005 2105 0 12705 2355 03 21505 1110 01 21805 900 0 21905 1800 01 22105 008 12705 2355 03 32105 1910 03
11005 2110 0 12805 000 02 21505 1115 01 21805 905 0 21905 1805 0 22105 010 04 12805 000 02 32105 1915 03
11005 2115 0 12805 005 02 21505 1120 0 21805 910 0 21905 1810 0 22105 015 03 12805 005 02 32105 1920 05
11005 2120 0 12805 010 03 21505 1125 01 21805 915 0 21905 1815 0 22105 020 02 12805 010 03 32105 1925 05
11005 2125 0 12805 015 04 21505 1130 0 21805 920 0 21905 1820 0 22105 025 03 12805 015 04 32105 1930 03
11005 2130 0 12805 020 02 21505 1135 0 21805 925 0 21905 1825 0 22105 030 03 12805 020 02 32105 1935 03
11005 2135 0 12805 025 01 21505 1140 0 21805 930 0 21905 1830 0 22105 035 02 12805 025 01 32105 1940 01
11005 2140 0 12805 030 04 21505 1145 0 21805 932 21905 1835 0 22105 040 02 12805 030 04 32105 1945 02
11005 2145 0 12805 035 08 21505 1150 0 21805 935 0 21905 1840 0 22105 045 02 12805 035 08 32105 1950 02
11005 2150 0 12805 040 08 21505 1155 0 21805 940 0 21905 1845 0 22105 050 02 12805 040 08 32105 1955 01
11005 2155 0 12805 045 12 21505 1200 0 21805 945 0 21905 1850 0 22105 055 03 12805 045 12 32105 2000 03
11005 2200 0 12805 050 09 21505 1205 0 21805 950 0 21905 1853 22105 100 02 12805 050 09 32105 2005 05
11005 2205 0 12805 055 05 21505 1210 0 21805 955 0 21905 1855 0 22105 105 02 12805 055 05 32105 2010 04
11005 2210 0 12805 100 03 21505 1215 0 21805 1000 0 21905 1900 0 22105 109 12805 100 03 32105 2015 01
11005 2215 0 12805 105 04 21505 1220 0 21805 1005 0 21905 1905 0 22105 110 02 12805 105 04 32105 2020 03
11005 2220 0 12805 110 0 21505 1225 0 21805 1010 0 21905 1910 0 22105 115 02 12805 110 0 32105 2025 03
11005 2225 0 12805 115 0 21505 1230 0 21805 1015 0 21905 1915 0 22105 120 01 12805 115 0 32105 2030 01
11005 2230 0 12805 120 0 21505 1235 01 21805 1020 0 21905 1920 0 22105 125 01 12805 120 0 32105 2035 03
11005 2235 0 12805 125 0 21505 1240 0 21805 1025 0 21905 1925 0 22105 130 0 12805 125 0 32105 2040 04
11005 2240 0 12805 130 0 21505 1245 0 21805 1030 0 21905 1930 0 22105 135 02 12805 130 0 32105 2045 09
11005 2245 0 12805 135 0 21505 1250 0 21805 1035 01 21905 1935 0 22105 140 02 12805 135 0 32105 2050 08
11005 2250 0 12805 140 0 21505 1255 0 21805 1040 0 21905 1940 0 22105 145 01 12805 140 0 32105 2055 07
11005 2255 0 12805 145 0 21505 1300 0 21805 1045 0 21905 1945 0 22105 150 02 12805 145 0 32105 2100 05
11005 2300 0 12805 150 01 21505 1305 0 21805 1050 0 21905 1950 0 22105 155 01 12805 150 01 32105 2105 05
11005 2305 0 12805 155 0 21505 1310 0 21805 1055 0 21905 1955 0 22105 200 02 12805 155 0 32105 2110 05
11005 2310 0 12805 200 0 21505 1315 0 21805 1100 0 21905 2000 0 22105 205 0 12805 200 0 32105 2115 02
11005 2315 0 12805 205 0 21505 1320 0 21805 1105 0 21905 2005 0 22105 209 12805 205 0 32105 2120 04
11005 2320 0 12805 210 0 21505 1325 0 21805 1110 0 21905 2010 0 22105 210 01 12805 210 0 32105 2125 03
11005 2325 0 12805 215 0 21505 1330 0 21805 1115 0 21905 2015 0 22105 215 01 12805 215 0 32105 2130 05
11005 2330 0 12805 218 21505 1335 0 21805 1120 0 21905 2020 0 22105 220 02 12805 218 32105 2135 06
11005 2335 0 12805 220 0 21505 1340 0 21805 1125 0 21905 2025 0 22105 225 03 12805 220 0 32105 2140 05
11005 2340 0 12805 225 0 21505 1345 0 21805 1130 0 21905 2030 0 22105 230 02 12805 225 0 32105 2145 04
11005 2345 0 12805 230 0 21505 1350 01 21805 1135 0 21905 2035 0 22105 235 03 12805 230 0 32105 2150 02
11005 2350 0 12805 235 0 21505 1355 0 21805 1140 0 21905 2040 0 22105 240 03 12805 235 0 32105 2155 02
11005 2355 0 12805 240 0 21505 1400 0 21805 1145 0 21905 2045 0 22105 245 04 12805 240 0 32105 2200 01
11105 000 0 12805 245 0 21505 1405 01 21805 1150 0 21905 2050 0 22105 250 03 12805 245 0 32105 2205 02
11105 005 0 12805 250 02 21505 1410 0 21805 1155 0 21905 2055 0 22105 255 02 12805 250 02 32105 2210 01
11105 010 0 12805 255 06 21505 1415 0 21805 1200 0 21905 2100 0 22105 300 01 12805 255 06 32105 2215 02
11105 015 0 12805 300 02 21505 1420 01 81 1300 22105 305 01 12805 300 02 32105 2220 02
11105 020 0 12805 305 02 21505 1425 01 22105 309 12805 305 02 32105 2225 0
11105 025 0 12805 310 01 21505 1430 02 22105 310 01 12805 310 01 32105 2227
11105 030 0 12805 315 0 21505 1435 02 22105 315 01 12805 315 0 32105 2230 01
11105 035 0 12805 320 01 21505 1440 03 22105 320 04 12805 320 01 32105 2235 03
11105 040 01 12805 325 0 21505 1445 02 22105 325 04 12805 325 0 32105 2240 01
11105 045 0 12805 330 0 21505 1450 02 22105 330 02 12805 330 0 32105 2245 05
11105 050 0 12805 335 0 21505 1455 03 22105 335 03 12805 335 0 32105 2250 08
11105 055 0 12805 340 0 21505 1500 03 22105 340 02 12805 340 0 32105 2255 06
11105 100 0 12805 345 0 21505 1505 0 22105 345 01 12805 345 0 32105 2300 02
11105 105 0 12805 348 21505 1510 01 22105 350 02 12805 348 32105 2305 04
11105 110 0 12805 350 0 21505 1515 0 22105 355 03 12805 350 0 32105 2310 04
11105 115 0 12805 355 01 21505 1520 01 22105 400 03 12805 355 01 32105 2315 02
11105 120 0 12805 400 0 21505 1525 01 22105 405 03 12805 400 0 32105 2320 03
11105 125 0 12805 405 0 21505 1530 01 22105 409 12805 405 0 32105 2325 04
11105 130 0 12805 410 0 21505 1535 0 22105 410 03 12805 410 0 32105 2327
11105 135 0 12805 415 0 21505 1540 02 22105 415 03 12805 415 0 32105 2330 02
11105 140 0 12805 420 0 21505 1545 04 22105 420 02 12805 420 0 32105 2335 03
11105 145 0 12805 425 0 21505 1550 02 22105 425 02 12805 425 0 32105 2340 01
11105 150 0 12805 430 0 21505 1555 02 22105 430 01 12805 430 0 32105 2345 03
11105 155 0 12805 435 0 21505 1600 02 22105 435 02 12805 435 0 32105 2350 02
11105 200 0 12805 440 0 21505 1605 02 22105 440 01 12805 440 0 32105 2355 02
11105 205 0 12805 445 0 21505 1610 03 22105 445 01 12805 445 0 32205 000 01
11105 210 0 12805 450 0 21505 1615 02 22105 450 0 12805 450 0 32205 005 03
11105 215 0 12805 455 0 21505 1620 02 22105 455 0 12805 455 0 32205 010 06
11105 220 0 12805 500 0 21505 1625 01 22105 500 0 12805 500 0 32205 015 04
11105 225 0 12805 505 0 21505 1630 01 22105 505 0 12805 505 0 32205 020 01
11105 230 0 12805 510 0 21505 1635 04 22105 509 12805 510 0 32205 025 01
11105 235 0 12805 515 0 21505 1640 06 22105 510 0 12805 515 0 32205 026
11105 240 0 12805 520 0 21505 1645 02 22105 515 0 12805 520 0 32205 030 01
11105 245 0 12805 525 0 21505 1650 0 22105 520 0 12805 525 0 32205 035 0
11105 250 0 12805 530 0 21505 1655 01 22105 525 0 12805 530 0 32205 040 02
11105 255 0 12805 535 0 21505 1700 0 22105 530 0 12805 535 0 32205 045 0
11105 300 0 12805 540 0 21505 1705 03 22105 535 0 12805 540 0 32205 050 04
11105 305 0 12805 545 0 21505 1710 03 22105 540 0 12805 545 0 32205 055 06
11105 310 0 153 21505 1715 02 22105 545 0 153 32205 100 01
11105 315 0 21505 1720 02 22105 550 0 32205 105 01
11105 320 0 21505 1725 02 22105 555 0 32205 110 01
11105 325 0 21505 1730 03 22105 600 0 32205 115 04
11105 330 0 21505 1735 01 22105 605 0 32205 120 02
11105 335 0 21505 1740 03 22105 609 32205 125 04
11105 340 0 21505 1745 0 22105 610 0 32205 126
11105 345 0 21505 1750 0 22105 615 0 32205 130 03
11105 350 0 21505 1755 01 22105 620 0 32205 135 05
11105 355 0 21505 1800 0 22105 625 0 32205 140 06
11105 400 0 21505 1805 01 22105 630 0 32205 145 02
11105 405 0 21505 1810 01 22105 635 0 32205 150 06
11105 410 0 21505 1815 01 22105 640 0 32205 155 03
11105 415 0 21505 1820 0 22105 645 0 32205 200 02
11105 420 0 21505 1825 0 22105 650 0 32205 205 02
11105 425 0 21505 1830 01 22105 655 0 32205 210 01
11105 430 0 21505 1835 0 22105 700 0 32205 215 02
11105 435 0 21505 1840 0 22105 705 0 32205 220 03
11105 440 0 21505 1845 01 22105 710 0 32205 225 05
11105 445 0 21505 1850 01 22105 711 32205 226
11105 450 0 21505 1855 0 22105 715 0 32205 230 02
11105 455 0 21505 1900 01 22105 720 0 32205 235 02
11105 500 0 21505 1905 02 22105 725 0 32205 240 03
11105 505 01 21505 1910 02 22105 730 0 32205 245 02
11105 510 04 21505 1915 03 22105 735 0 32205 250 02
11105 515 03 21505 1920 02 22105 740 0 32205 255 01
11105 520 04 21505 1925 03 22105 745 0 32205 300 0
11105 525 07 21505 1930 01 22105 750 0 32205 305 01
11105 530 09 21505 1935 02 22105 755 0 32205 310 01
11105 535 06 21505 1940 03 22105 800 0 32205 315 0
11105 540 07 21505 1945 04 177 32205 320 0
11105 545 07 21505 1950 04 32205 325 01
11105 550 05 21505 1955 02 32205 326
11105 555 05 21505 2000 03 32205 330 0
11105 559 21505 2005 01 32205 335 01
11105 600 04 21505 2010 03 32205 340 0
11105 605 02 21505 2015 05 32205 345 0
11105 610 02 21505 2020 05 32205 350 0
11105 615 04 21505 2025 04 32205 355 0
11105 620 05 21505 2030 04 32205 400 0
11105 625 02 21505 2035 03 32205 405 0
11105 630 01 21505 2040 04 32205 410 0
11105 635 0 21505 2045 03 32205 415 0
11105 640 0 21505 2050 03 32205 420 0
11105 645 0 21505 2055 04 32205 425 0
11105 650 0 21505 2100 01 32205 426
11105 655 0 21505 2105 01 32205 430 0
11105 700 0 21505 2110 0 32205 435 0
11105 705 0 21505 2115 0 32205 440 01
11105 710 0 21505 2120 0 32205 445 01
11105 715 0 21505 2125 01 32205 450 0
11105 720 0 21505 2130 0 32205 455 0
11105 725 0 21505 2135 0 32205 500 0
11105 729 21505 2140 0 32205 505 0
11105 730 0 21505 2145 0 32205 510 0
11105 735 0 21505 2150 0 32205 515 01
11105 740 0 21505 2155 0 32205 520 0
11105 745 0 21505 2157 32205 525 0
11105 750 0 21505 2200 0 32205 526
11105 755 0 21505 2205 0 32205 530 0
11105 800 0 21505 2210 0 32205 535 0
11105 805 0 21505 2215 0 32205 540 0
11105 810 0 21505 2220 0 32205 545 0
11105 815 0 21505 2225 01 32205 550 0
11105 820 0 21505 2230 0 32205 555 0
11105 825 0 21505 2235 0 32205 600 0
11105 830 0 21505 2240 0 32205 605 0
11105 835 0 21505 2245 0 32205 610 0
11105 840 0 21505 2250 0 32205 615 0
11105 845 0 21505 2255 0 32205 620 0
11105 850 0 21505 2300 0 32205 625 01
11105 855 0 21505 2305 0 32205 626
11105 900 0 21505 2310 0 32205 630 0
11105 905 0 21505 2315 0 32205 635 0
11105 910 0 21505 2320 0 32205 640 0
11105 915 0 21505 2325 01 32205 645 0
11105 920 0 21505 2330 0 32205 650 0
11105 925 0 21505 2335 01 32205 655 0
11105 930 0 21505 2340 0 32205 700 0
11105 935 02 21505 2345 02 32205 705 0
11105 940 03 21505 2350 05 32205 710 0
11105 945 03 21505 2355 03 32205 715 0
11105 950 01 21605 000 02 32205 720 0
11105 955 0 21605 005 05 32205 725 0
11105 958 21605 010 04 32205 729
11105 1000 0 21605 015 04 32205 730 0
11105 1005 0 21605 020 02 32205 735 0
11105 1010 0 21605 025 01 32205 740 0
11105 1015 0 21605 030 01 32205 745 0
11105 1020 0 21605 035 02 32205 750 0
11105 1025 0 21605 040 01 32205 755 0
11105 1030 0 21605 045 0 32205 800 0
11105 1035 0 21605 050 01 32205 805 0
11105 1040 0 21605 055 02 32205 810 0
11105 1045 0 21605 100 02 32205 815 0
11105 1050 0 21605 105 02 32205 820 0
11105 1055 0 21605 110 01 32205 825 0
11105 1100 0 21605 115 0 32205 830 0
11105 1105 0 21605 120 0 32205 835 0
11105 1110 0 21605 125 0 32205 840 0
11105 1115 0 21605 130 01 32205 845 0
11105 1120 0 21605 135 0 32205 850 0
11105 1125 0 21605 140 0 32205 855 0
11105 1130 0 21605 145 0 32205 900 0
11105 1135 0 21605 150 0 32205 905 0
11105 1140 0 21605 155 0 32205 910 0
11105 1145 0 21605 200 0 32205 915 0
11105 1150 0 21605 205 0 32205 920 0
11105 1155 0 21605 210 0 32205 925 0
11105 1200 0 21605 215 0 32205 930 0
198 21605 220 0 32205 935 0
21605 225 02 32205 940 0
21605 230 01 32205 945 0
21605 235 0 32205 950 0
21605 240 0 32205 955 0
21605 245 0 32205 1000 0
21605 250 0 328
21605 255 01
21605 300 0
21605 305 0
21605 310 0
21605 315 0
21605 320 0
21605 325 0
21605 330 0
21605 335 0
21605 340 0
21605 345 0
21605 350 0
21605 355 0
21605 400 0
21605 405 0
21605 410 0
21605 415 0
21605 420 0
21605 425 0
21605 430 0
21605 435 0
21605 440 01
21605 445 0
21605 450 0
21605 455 0
21605 500 0
21605 505 0
21605 510 0
21605 515 0
21605 520 01
21605 525 0
21605 530 0
21605 535 0
21605 540 0
21605 545 0
21605 550 01
21605 555 0
21605 600 0
21605 605 01
21605 610 0
21605 615 01
21605 620 0
21605 625 0
21605 630 0
21605 635 01
21605 640 0
21605 645 0
21605 650 0
21605 655 01
21605 700 0
21605 705 01
21605 710 01
21605 715 0
21605 720 01
21605 725 0
21605 730 01
21605 735 0
21605 740 01
21605 745 0
21605 750 0
21605 755 0
21605 800 01
21605 805 0
21605 810 0
21605 815 0
21605 820 0
21605 825 0
21605 830 0
21605 835 0
21605 840 01
21605 845 0
21605 850 01
21605 855 01
21605 900 01
21605 905 0
21605 910 0
21605 915 0
21605 920 01
21605 925 02
21605 930 03
21605 935 04
21605 940 02
21605 945 01
21605 950 01
21605 955 0
21605 1000 0
21605 1005 0
21605 1010 0
21605 1015 0
21605 1020 0
21605 1025 0
21605 1030 01
21605 1035 0
21605 1040 02
21605 1045 0
21605 1050 01
21605 1055 01
21605 1100 0
21605 1105 0
21605 1110 0
21605 1115 0
21605 1120 0
21605 1125 01
21605 1130 0
21605 1135 0
21605 1140 0
21605 1145 0
21605 1150 0
21605 1155 0
21605 1200 0
21605 1205 0
21605 1210 0
21605 1215 0
21605 1220 0
21605 1225 0
21605 1230 0
21605 1235 0
21605 1240 0
21605 1245 0
21605 1250 0
21605 1255 0
21605 1300 0
21605 1305 0
21605 1310 0
21605 1315 0
21605 1320 0
21605 1325 0
21605 1330 0
21605 1335 0
21605 1340 0
21605 1345 0
21605 1350 0
21605 1355 0
21605 1400 0
21605 1405 0
21605 1410 0
21605 1415 0
21605 1420 0
21605 1425 0
21605 1430 0
21605 1435 0
21605 1440 0
21605 1445 0
21605 1450 0
21605 1454
21605 1455 0
21605 1500 0
21605 1505 0
21605 1510 0
21605 1515 0
21605 1520 0
21605 1525 0
21605 1530 0
21605 1535 0
21605 1540 0
21605 1545 0
21605 1550 0
21605 1555 0
21605 1600 0
286
Page 15: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Rainfall vs Discharge

ajristowOverflowing of catchments and other sampling errors rendered this data unuseful
ajristowMeasured Water Levels are valid for all measurements However samples werent taken in some cases due to residues in water or mice in bottom of sump

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
WATER COLUMN Mesured Distance Water Column Total Discharge Total Discharge
Sample Date Event Plot order PLOT BLOCK TREATMENT TILLAGE HEIGHT (inches) From Top of Sump Height (inches) Height in cm Volume (cm3) Volume (m3) Rainfall (m) Depth of Runoff (m) of Rainfall as Runoff Average Stdev Std Error
11105 1 1 1-4E 1 C M 198 00198
11105 1 2 5-5W 2 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 11-Jan-05
11105 1 3 7-8W 3 C M 3937 000000 198 001980 198
11105 1 4 1-4W 1 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 5 5-5E 2 C S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 6 7-8E 3 C S 3937 000000 198 001980 Catchment area (m2) 1068
11105 1 7 2-4W 1 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 8 4-4E 2 L M 3937 000000 198 001980 Volume of rainfall (m3) 0211464
11105 1 9 6-9W 3 L M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 10 2-4E 1 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 11 4-4W 2 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 12 6-9E 3 L S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 13 1-2E 1 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 14 6-5W 2 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 15 8-8W 3 O M 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 16 1-2W 1 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 17 6-5E 2 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
11105 1 18 8-8E 3 O S 3937 000000 198 001980
12805 2 1 1-4E 1 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 000020 13 28-Jan-05
12805 2 2 5-5W 2 C M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13 153
12805 2 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 27 23 133
12805 2 4 1-4W 1 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 5 5-5E 2 C S 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 128
12805 2 6 7-8E 3 C S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 30 20 118
12805 2 7 2-4W 1 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18
12805 2 8 4-4E 2 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 9 6-9W 3 L M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 35 31 177
12805 2 10 2-4E 1 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
12805 2 11 4-4W 2 L S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71
12805 2 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 59 10 059
12805 2 13 1-2E 1 O M 075 3862 075 1905 2172 000217 153 00153 0000 13
12805 2 14 6-5W 2 O M 25 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
12805 2 15 8-8W 3 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 153 00153 0001 71 43 29 166
12805 2 16 1-2W 1 O S 125 3812 125 3175 3620 000362 153 00153 0000 22 105 rt 25 083
12805 2 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 131 st 14792897764 049
12805 2 18 8-8E 3 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 43 18 103
215-21805 3 1 1-4E 1 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 1516 - Feb-05
215-21805 3 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 367 00367 0000 00 286
215-21805 3 3 7-8W 3 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 367 00367 0002 52 26 26 149
215-21805 3 4 1-4W 1 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 18-Feb-05
215-21805 3 5 5-5E 2 C S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 81
215-21805 3 6 7-8E 3 C S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30 20 09 054
215-21805 3 7 2-4W 1 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 215-218
215-21805 3 8 4-4E 2 L M 900 3037 900 2286 26063 002606 367 00367 0002 66
215-21805 3 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 367 00367 0001 18 43 24 139
215-21805 3 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 367 00367 0001 37
215-21805 3 11 4-4W 2 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 367 00367 0002 59
215-21805 3 12 6-9E 3 L S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 367 00367 0000 11 36 24 139
215-21805 3 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 367 00367 0001 30
215-21805 3 15 8-8W 3 O M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 367 00367 0003 89 49 34 197
215-21805 3 16 1-2W 1 O S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 367 00367 0001 26 118 00 000
215-21805 3 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 367 00367 0001 22 86 15864998727 053
215-21805 3 18 8-8E 3 O S 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 367 00367 0002 44 31 12 069
219-22105 4 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57 19-Feb-05
219-22105 4 2 5-5W 2 C M 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 130
219-22105 4 3 7-8W 3 C M 1200 2737 1200 3048 34750 003475 307 003070 0003 106 54 53 306
219-22105 4 4 1-4W 1 C S 1700 2237 1700 4318 49229 004923 307 003070 0005 150 2021 Feb-05
219-22105 4 5 5-5E 2 C S 000 3937 000 0 0 000000 307 003070 0000 00 177
219-22105 4 6 7-8E 3 C S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 307 003070 0002 71 74 75 434
219-22105 4 7 2-4W 1 L M 750 3187 750 1905 21719 002172 307 003070 0002 66
219-22105 4 8 4-4E 2 L M 3400 537 3400 8636 98459 009846 307 003070 0009 300 219-221
219-22105 4 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35 134 145 836
219-22105 4 10 2-4E 1 L S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318
219-22105 4 11 4-4W 2 L S 1800 2137 1800 4572 52125 005213 307 003070 0005 159
219-22105 4 12 6-9E 3 L S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 307 003070 0001 26 168 146 843
219-22105 4 13 1-2E 1 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 307 003070 0001 35
219-22105 4 14 6-5W 2 O M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 307 003070 0002 57
219-22105 4 15 8-8W 3 O M 2400 1537 2400 6096 69500 006950 307 003070 0007 212 102 96 556
219-22105 4 16 1-2W 1 O S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 307 003070 0001 40 290 00 000
219-22105 4 17 6-5E 2 O S 2300 1637 2300 5842 66604 006660 307 003070 0006 203 428 119926719316 400
219-22105 4 18 8-8E 3 O S 3600 337 3600 9144 104250 010425 307 003070 0010 318 187 140 807
27-Feb-05 5 1 1-4E 1 C M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 27-Feb-05
27-Feb-05 5 2 5-5W 2 C M 100 3837 100 254 2896 000290 153 00153 0000 18 153
27-Feb-05 5 3 7-8W 3 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62 38 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 4 1-4W 1 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 5 5-5E 2 C S 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 6 7-8E 3 C S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 38 05 030 227
27-Feb-05 5 7 2-4W 1 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 153 00153 0001 44
27-Feb-05 5 8 4-4E 2 L M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53
27-Feb-05 5 9 6-9W 3 L M 050 3887 000 0 0 000000 153 00153 0000 00 32 28 164
27-Feb-05 5 10 2-4E 1 L S 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 153 00153 0001 80
27-Feb-05 5 11 4-4W 2 L S 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 153 00153 0001 62
27-Feb-05 5 12 6-9E 3 L S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 59 22 129
27-Feb-05 5 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 14 6-5W 2 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35
27-Feb-05 5 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 41 10 059
27-Feb-05 5 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 153 00153 0001 35 112 00 000
27-Feb-05 5 17 6-5E 2 O S 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 153 00153 0001 53 136 16838457748 056
27-Feb-05 5 18 8-8E 3 O S 150 3787 150 381 4344 000434 153 00153 0000 27 38 14 078
4-Mar-05 6 1 1-4E 1 C M 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 4-Mar-05
4-Mar-05 6 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 100 00100 0001 95 100
4-Mar-05 6 3 7-8W 3 C M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 122 59 341
4-Mar-05 6 4 1-4W 1 C S 950 2987 950 2413 27510 002751 100 00100 0003 258
4-Mar-05 6 5 5-5E 2 C S 1300 2637 1300 3302 37646 003765 100 00100 0004 352 34
4-Mar-05 6 6 7-8E 3 C S 1050 2887 1050 2667 30406 003041 100 00100 0003 285 298 49 282
4-Mar-05 6 7 2-4W 1 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108
4-Mar-05 6 8 4-4E 2 L M 450 3487 450 1143 13031 001303 100 00100 0001 122
4-Mar-05 6 9 6-9W 3 L M 250 3687 250 635 7240 000724 100 00100 0001 68 99 28 163
4-Mar-05 6 10 2-4E 1 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 100 00100 0001 136
4-Mar-05 6 11 4-4W 2 L S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 100 00100 0003 271
4-Mar-05 6 12 6-9E 3 L S 1100 2837 1100 2794 31854 003185 100 00100 0003 298 235 87 503
4-Mar-05 6 13 1-2E 1 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 14 6-5W 2 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81
4-Mar-05 6 15 8-8W 3 O M 300 3637 300 762 8688 000869 100 00100 0001 81 81 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 16 1-2W 1 O S 700 3237 700 1778 20271 002027 100 00100 0002 190 303 00 000
4-Mar-05 6 17 6-5E 2 O S 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 100 00100 0001 108 768 97160674653 324
4-Mar-05 6 18 8-8E 3 O S 1500 2437 1500 381 43438 004344 100 00100 0004 407 235 154 890
21-Mar-05 7 1 1-4E 1 C M 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 21-Mar-05
21-Mar-05 7 2 5-5W 2 C M 350 3587 350 889 10135 001014 328 00328 0001 29 328
21-Mar-05 7 3 7-8W 3 C M 1350 2587 1350 3429 39094 003909 328 00328 0004 112 65 42 245
21-Mar-05 7 4 1-4W 1 C S 2600 1337 2600 6604 75292 007529 328 00328 0007 215
21-Mar-05 7 5 5-5E 2 C S 850 3087 850 2159 24615 002461 328 00328 0002 70 321
21-Mar-05 7 6 7-8E 3 C S 1400 2537 1400 3556 40542 004054 328 00328 0004 116 134 74 427
21-Mar-05 7 7 2-4W 1 L M 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41
21-Mar-05 7 8 4-4E 2 L M 600 3337 600 1524 17375 001738 328 00328 0002 50
21-Mar-05 7 9 6-9W 3 L M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33 41 08 048
21-Mar-05 7 10 2-4E 1 L S 800 3137 800 2032 23167 002317 328 00328 0002 66
21-Mar-05 7 11 4-4W 2 L S 2700 1237 2700 6858 78188 007819 328 00328 0007 223
21-Mar-05 7 12 6-9E 3 L S 500 3437 500 127 14479 001448 328 00328 0001 41 110 99 569
21-Mar-05 7 13 1-2E 1 O M 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17
21-Mar-05 7 14 6-5W 2 O M 400 3537 400 1016 11583 001158 328 00328 0001 33
21-Mar-05 7 15 8-8W 3 O M 1900 2037 1900 4826 55021 005502 328 00328 0005 157 69 77 443
21-Mar-05 7 16 1-2W 1 O S 200 3737 200 508 5792 000579 328 00328 0001 17 175 00 000
21-Mar-05 7 17 6-5E 2 O S 650 3287 650 1651 18823 001882 328 00328 0002 54 295 7373026065 246
21-Mar-05 7 18 8-8E 3 O S 1000 2937 1000 254 28958 002896 328 00328 0003 83 51 33 191
Page 16: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Rainfall vs Discharge

Rainfall
CRT
CST
LRT
LST
ORT
OST
215-218
219-221
4-Mar
21-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
13291473961 13291473961 11814643521 11814643521 17721965281 17721965281 0590732176 0590732176 16643033825 16643033825 10337813081 10337813081
Page 17: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance
Rainfall
RT
ST
4-Mar
Event Date
of rainfall as discharge
Event Rainfall (mm)

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
0833606503 0833606503 04930965921 04930965921
00003266594 00003266594 05288332909 05288332909
00009955992 00009955992 39975573105 39975573105
00000979139 00000979139 05612819249 05612819249
00001239897 00001239897 32386891551 32386891551
00005019277 00005019277 2457675355 2457675355
Page 18: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff

Kabir amp Horwath Russell Ranch UC Davis

CCT=Conventional-conservation tillageCST= Conventional-Standard tillage

LCT= Low-input ndashConservation TillageLST= Low-input ndashStandard Tillage

OCT= Organic-Conservation tillageOST= Organic-Standard tillage

Presenter
Presentation Notes
OCT is Organic Conservation Tillage and OST is Organic Standard Tillage In the organic systems phosphate ammonium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in runoff were greater from subplots treated with standard tillage

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Page 19: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Weeding Time in Different Farming Systems in two tillage Practices

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

Conv Low-input Org

STCT

Wee

ding

tim

e (h

rs a

cre-

1 )

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In the same project we measured the weeding time in a conventional system where herbicides applied 3 times a low-input system -herbicide applied once and an organic system-no herbicides using either standard (ST) or conservation tillage (CT) Weeding time in organic systems is greater than for other systems Conservation tillage plots took more time to weed than the plots with standard tillage131313

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Page 20: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Chart2

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Page 21: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

6-2-04WeedTiming

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Plot Systems Tillage minutesplot HrsAcre
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
Conventional CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
WLCC CT 0 0
2-3 Organic CT 482 1607
6-4 Organic CT 340 1133
6-8 Organic CT 665 2217
Page 22: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

7-8-04WeedTiming

ampC2nd Weeding has been done on July 8 2004

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Plot Systems Tillage person time in plot (m) timeperson MinutesAcre HrsAcre
1-3 Conventional ST 000
4-5 Conventional ST 000
8-9 Conventional ST 000
1-1 WLCC ST 8 313 2504 5008 083
6-3 WLCC ST 8 224 1792 3584 060
6-7 WLCC ST 8 402 3216 6432 107
2-3 Organic ST 11 1012 11132 22264 371
6-4 Organic ST 8 318 2544 5088 085 252
6-8 Organic ST 11 818 8998 17996 300
1-3 Conventional CT 8 602 4816 9632 161
4-5 Conventional CT 8 336 2688 5376 090
8-9 Conventional CT 8 469 3752 7504 125
1-1 WLCC CT 8 647 5176 10352 173
6-3 WLCC CT 8 445 356 712 119
6-7 WLCC CT 8 348 2784 5568 093
2-3 Organic CT 11 1451 15961 31922 532
6-4 Organic CT 8 115 92 184 307 481
6-8 Organic CT 11 1645 18095 3619 603
ST=Standard Tillage
CT=Conservation Tillage
Page 23: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Colorgph

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Weeding time (HrsAc)
8-Jul-04
Page 24: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Colorgph

ST
CT
0
12506666667
08346666667
128
25193333333
48062222222

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Conv Conv 0 0 02 02
Low-input Low-input 014 014 024 024
Org Org 086 086 089 089
Page 25: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Graph

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Standard Tillage Conservation Tillage
Conv WLCC Organic Conv WLCC Organic
000 083 371 161 173 532
000 060 085 090 119 307
000 107 300 125 093 603
Conv Low-input Org C-se1 Low-se Org-se
ST 000 083 252 000 014 086
CT 125 128 481 02 024 089
Page 26: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Graph

ST
CT
Weeding time (hrsacre)

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
0 0 02 02
014 014 024 024
086 086 089 089
Page 27: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

SAS-Weed

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Plot Systems Tillage hrAcre
1-3 1 Conventional ST 000
4-5 2 Conventional ST 000
8-9 3 Conventional ST 000
1-1 1 WLCC ST 083
6-3 2 WLCC ST 060
6-7 3 WLCC ST 107
2-3 1 Organic ST 371
6-4 2 Organic ST 085
6-8 3 Organic ST 300
1-3 1 Conventional CT 161
4-5 2 Conventional CT 090
8-9 3 Conventional CT 125
1-1 1 WLCC CT 173
6-3 2 WLCC CT 119
6-7 3 WLCC CT 093
2-3 1 Organic CT 532
6-4 2 Organic CT 307
6-8 3 Organic CT 603
Page 28: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Weed Biomass in Conservation (CT) and Standard Tillage (ST) in Organic System

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CT ST

Tillage treatments

Wee

d bi

omas

s (g

07

5 m

-2)

a

b

Kabir amp Lanini

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The weed biomass was much greater in plots treated with conservation tillage than standard tillage in organic systems Weeds are one of the biggest obstacles to organic systems and for conservation tillage practices

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Page 29: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Chart1

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
CT
ST
Page 30: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Sheet4

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 533333333333 127
Variance 2179433333333 30729
Observations 3 3
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 30709089356
P(Tlt=t) one-tail 00186299759
t Critical one-tail 21318467819
P(Tlt=t) two-tail 00372599518
t Critical two-tail 2776445105
Page 31: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

WdBiomGph

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Weed Biomass 81004 in g
Only Orgnic 2-3E CT 70
6-4E CT 419 533 CT 533333333333
6-8W CT 481 ST 127
2-3W ST 327
6-4W ST 54 127
6-8E ST 0
Page 32: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

WdBiomGph

Tillage treatments
Weed biomass (g)

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Page 33: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Colorgph

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Aug10-Weed biomass (g)
Page 34: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Colorgph

Tillage treatments
533333333333
127

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
CT
ST
Page 35: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Sheet3

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
Page 36: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers

Weed management is by far the greatest obstacle much more frequently cited than Pest or disease control Soil fertility Cost of inputs Marketing or Organic certification

Breaking New Ground Farmer Perspectives on Organic Transition Oregon Tilth amp Oregon State University 2017

Presenter
Presentation Notes
As a confirmation that weed management is really a problem for organic producers a nationwide survey of organic farmers found that weed management was the major obstacle no other concern came close to it

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
Page 37: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health

Lehman R M et al (2015) J Soil Water Conserv 70(1) 12a-18a

Choose practices that feed the soil organisms and protect their habitat

(soil aggregate)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Itrsquos complex situation in organic farms on the one hand you want RT to promote SH on the other hand you need to control weeds in order to achieve good production

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
Page 38: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability

Roganold amp Wachter 2016

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The length of the flower Petal represent the sustainability of that parameter for each system Longer is better Orange petals represent area of production blue petals represent areas of environmental sustainability red petals represent the areas of economic sustainability green petals represent the areas of wellbeing This diagram showed that the organic agriculture has higher sustainability than conventional but it will only reach its potential if tillage intensity in organic systems is minimized without loss of productivity (bring cursor to water pollution) Note that water pollution of the organic system not as sustainable as other parameters due to system leakage caused by soil disturbance You might remember the Russell Ranch experiment directly measured this in off field runoff from the organic system with standard tillage13Organic sys has long petals1313Outer ring represent the better performance In conventional systems only the yield and nutritional quality (which I donrsquot agree) but in Org

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
Page 39: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Conclusion

A systems approach is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles

httpwwwconservationwebinarsnetwebinarsresidue-and-tillage-management-in-organic-farming-systems-western-states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A systems approach with appropriate technologies such as cover crops crop rotations mowing mulching integrated water management INM (even though I did not talk about today) and conservation tillage is needed for successful organic farming systems that use all four soil health principles This will cover more details in my webinar13

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
Page 40: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance

Thank You

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin age disability and where applicable sex marital status familial status parental status religion sexual orientation genetic information political beliefs reprisal or because all or a part of an individuals income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille large print audiotape etc) should contact USDAs TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD)

To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA Director Office of Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD) USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer

Any Question

  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21
Page 41: Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms · 2018-12-24 · Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles Soil Cover Living Roots Biodiversity. Minimize . disturbance
  • Soil Health Principles and Practices in Organic Farms
  • Soil Health Definition
  • Slide Number 3
  • Dominant farming systems poor soil healthhellip
  • Soil Health Principles To Support High Functioning Soils
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Organic Agriculture and Soil Health Principles
  • Three of the four Soil Health Principles applied
  • Slide Number 9
  • Russell Ranch UC Davis 1993 ndash 2001 long-term farming system evaluation
  • Slide Number 11
  • Runoff as a of Rainfall in Organic Systems
  • Nutrient Concentrations in Runoff
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • A Nationwide Survey of Organic farmers
  • Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Health
  • Conventional vs Organic Areas of Sustainability
  • Conclusion
  • Thank You
  • Slide Number 21

Organic - Soil Quality in Organic Agricultural Systems

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SOILS AND LANDSCAPES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT …...SOILS AND LANDSCAPES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT SOIL ORGANIC MATTER II SOIL ORGANIC MATTER 2 SOIL 3600 Organic Matter II Lecture 11 SOIL ORGANIC

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THE MAP OF ORGANIC CARBON - ESDAC · 2007. 6. 6. · 1. Soil organic carbon, the major component of soil organic matter, is extremely important in all soil processes. 2. Organic material

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Organic vs. Non-Organic - Eco-Nurse · issues about organic vs. non-organic. Organic farming relies on the following principles: 3. Use soil that can be used for many generations

Chapter 11 Soil Organic Matter - University of California ...wxcheng/envs161/Lecture9/Chap11_SOM.pdf · Chapter 11 . Soil Organic Matter. ... Capable of describing soil organic matter

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SmartSOIL FactSheet BooSTINg SoIl oRgANIc mATTER …smartsoil.eu/fileadmin/ · Soil organic carbon (SOC) in soil organic matter (SOM) ... (2009) Effects of different manuring systems

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Soil organic matter matters - European Commission...Soil organic matter content is key for a healthy and high-quality soil. This brochure highlights methods to improve soil organic

Build soil organic matter to improve your crop production ... · soil organic matter as the number one factor. Soil organic matter content is a relatively constant soil property assuming

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SmartSOIL FactSheet INcREASINg SoIl oRgANIc mATTER … · soil by building soil organic matter, enhancing soil fertility and improving (deep) soil structure. Crop rotation can help

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MANAGING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER€¦ · 4 MANAGING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER: A PRACTICAL GUIDE INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Potential for soil organic matter gain resulting from a combination

Soil Chemistry - Marmara Üniversitesimimoza.marmara.edu.tr/~kyapsakli/enve202/Lecture12_Soil Chemistry.pdf · Soil organic matter Soil organic matter: Plant and animal residues in

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ORGANIC CULTIVATION AND · Soil and soil health is one of the basic principles of organic cultivation. In conventional agriculture the producer buys fertilizer to add to the soil