soil properties 23.00-explain the properties of soils and their relationship to plant growth
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Soil Properties
23.00-Explain the properties of soils and their relationship
to plant growth.
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Soils and growing media
• Soils and growing media are made up of two types of materials– Organic matter– Inorganic compounds
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Organic Matter
• Dead plant or animal tissue
• contains carbon
• usually has diseases or insects
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Types of organic matter
• Compost
• bark-particles too large to use in seed germination media
• mulch-used to cover soil to help hold moisture and prevent weeds
• straw
• peat moss
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Composting
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Types of Organic Matter
• Sphagnum
• Sawdust-high carbon to nitrogen ratio makes nitrogen unavailable for plant use
• Wood shavings- high carbon to nitrogen ratio makes nitrogen unavailable for plant use
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Inorganic compounds
• Do not contain carbon
• usually sterile
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Types of inorganic compounds
• Soilless media-artificial soil
• Vermiculite-mica mineral matter used to start seeds and cuttings, helps hold moisture, has neutral pH
• Perlite-natural volcanic material that helps aeration and water-holding capacity
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Vermiculite
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Perlite
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pH• Measurement of acidity or alkalinity
from 0 to 14• Acid-less than 7.0• Alkaline-more than 7.0• Most organic matter is acid• Most artificial media is neutral• Ideal pH for most ornamental plants
and lawn or turf grasses is 5.5 to 7.0
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Hydroponics
• The process of growing plants without soil
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Types of hydroponics
• Aggregate culture– using sand or gravel to support plant
roots
• Water culture, solution culture, or nutriculture– plant roots grow in water containing
dissolved nutrients
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Types of hydroponics
• Aeroponics– plant roots hang in air and are misted
regularly with a nutrient solution
• Continuous-flow system– nutrient solution flows constantly
over plant roots–most commonly used for commercial
production
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Hydroponics at Epcot
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Advantages of hydroponics
• No soil and problems associated with soil
• Easy to control nutrient content of plants
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Disadvantages of hydroponics
• Plant support must be provided with strings, wires or stakes
• Water quality must be high• Diseases spread through water• More moisture or humidity in air to
cause favorable environment for disease organisms
• More expensive
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What is the physical make up of soil?
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Soil Profile
• Layers of soil are called horizons
• Typical profile– A Horizon-topsoil• most fertile• most organic matter• top or first layer
– B Horizon-subsoil– C Horizon-bedrock
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Soil Profile
A Horizon
B Horizon
C Horizon
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Soil Profile
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Soil Structure
• How particles cluster together– single grain– granular (best for most plants)– blocky– platy–massive
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Soil Structure
Single Grain
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Soil Structure
Granular
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Soil Structure
Blocky
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Soil Structure
Platy
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Soil Structure
Massive
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Soil structure
• Soil structure is more important to producers who grow plants in natural soils
• Producers of container grown plants add ingredients to make growing media desirable
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Soil Texture
• Size of particles
• Types of textures– clayey– loamy– sandy
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Clayey Texture
• Small particles
• Has a high water-holding capacity
• most common texture in western NC
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Loamy texture
• About equal parts of sand, clay and silt
• Ideal texture for most non-container outside plants
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Sandy texture
• Large particles
• Low moisture-holding capacity
• Most common in eastern NC
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Soil Makeup
Solid particles
Pore Space
Water
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FFA Land Judging CDE