SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLASS PRODUCERS AND USERS

SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLASS PRODUCERS AND USERS

Edited by

Michel A. Aegerter and

Martin Mennig

Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien gern, GmbH Saarbrücken, Germany

SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Sol-gel technologies for glass producers and users I edited by Michel A. Aegerter and Martin Mennig

p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4419-5455-8 ISBN 978-0-387-88953-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-88953-5

1. Ceramic materials. 2. ColIoids. 1. Aegerter, M.A. II. Mennig, Martin

TP81O.5.S6682004 666' .1-dc22

Copyright ©2004 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2004 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 2004

2004048345

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CONTENTS

EDITOR'S PREFACE .................................................................................... IX

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS .......................................................................... XI

I WET CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY ............................................................. 1

1.1.1 Basic princip/es also/-gel chemistry ................................................... 3

2. WET CHEMICAL COATJNG TECHNOLOGIES .................................. 15

2.1 GLASS SUBSTRATES ................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 Cleaning glass surfaces ..................................................................... 19

2.2 COATING TECHNIQUES ............................................................................... 35 2.2.1 Dip Coating Technique ...................................................................... 37 2.2.2 Spin coa(ing technique ....................................................................... 49 2.2.3 Capillary umfing technique ............ ................................................ 57 2.2.4 F/at-spray processjhr optical coatings on cold glass ....................... 63 2.2.5 The Pyroso/@process .................................................................. ...... 69 2.2.6 The aerosol-gel process ............................... ..................................... 77 2.2.7 Efectrophoretic coatings .................................................................... 83 2.2.8 Doctor blade .. .................................................................................... 89

2.3 POST-COATING TREATMENT TECHNIQlJES .................................................. 93 2.3. 1 Sintering and patterning using laser irradiation ........... .................... 95 2.3.2 AMation ()lsol-gel coatings by excimer faser irradiation ............. ... 1 0 I

2.4 PATTERNING TECIINIQUES ....................................................................... 107 2.4./ Emhossing ................ ........................................................................ / 09 2.4.2 Screen printing. .. ............................................................................... 1/7 2.4.3 Padprinting ..................................................................................... /23 2.4. 4 Ink~iet printing ................................................................................. 127 2.4.5 F1exographic printing .......... ............................................................ /3 J

3. BULK GLASS TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................... 137

3.1./ Mono!ithic silica glass cylindersfor optical fiber ........................... /39 3. 1. 2 Grin glasses ................................................................................. .... 145 3.1. 3 Porous glasses ................................. ................................................ 149 3.1.4 Biologicaf gel-glasses .............................................................. ........ 153

4. COATJNG AND MATERIAL PROPERTJES ........................................ 157

4.1 PASSIVE COATINGS .................................................................................. 159 4. 1. / Colored coatings on glass based on noble metal colloid\' ............... 161 4.1.2 Transparent conducting oxide coatings . ................. ....................... 169 4.1.3 Ion conducting coatings. .............. ......................... .. ....... /75 -I. 1. 4 I ~ydroph()hic and oIeophobic coatings ...... . ................. 179

VI

4. 1.5 Hydrophilic coating materials ........................................................ 187 4. I. 6 Interference coatings ................................................................... .... 195 4.1.7 Ferroelectric thinfUms ...................................................... .............. 207 4. 1.8 Scratch resistant coatings ................................................................ 2 J 7 4.1.9 Coatingsfor high temperature use ................................................... 223 4. I. 10 Coatingsfor increasing and preserving the bending strength ol glass ................................................. ......................................................... 237 4.1.11 Metallic coatings on dielectric substrates ..................................... 243

4.2 ACTIVE COATINGS ................................................................................... 249 4.2.1 Photochro111ic coatings ......................................................... .......... 251 4.2.2 Electrochromic coatings ...... ............................................................ 261 4.2.3 Thermochromic transition-metal oxides .......................................... 2 71 4.2.4 Gasochromic coatings ..................................................................... 277 4.2.5 Photovo!taic coatings ...................................................................... 283 4.2.6 Photocatalytic Ti02 coatings ........................................................... 295 4.2.7 Electrooptical coatings .................................................................... 303 4.2.8 Doped sol-gel coatings ...................................................... .............. 307 4.2.9 Optical chemical sensors ...................................................... ........... 313 4.2.10 Thin~film optical waveguides ......................................................... 321 4.2.11 Planar waveguide optical ampli{!ers ............................................. 327 4.2.12 Integrated optical circuitsfabrication ........................................... 333

4.3 GELS, BULK MATERIALS, FIBERS AND POWDERS ...................................... 341 4.3. I Porous materials and membranes ................................................... 343 4.3.2 Aerogelsfor thermal insulation ....................................................... 349 4.3.3 Incorporation oldyes in sol-gel matrices ........................................ 355 4.3.4 Properties olGRIN materials .......................................................... 365 4.3.5 Catalysts .......................................................................................... 369 4.3.6 Heat-resistant{!bers and optical.fibers ........................................... 377 4.3.7 Nanoscaled powdersfor coatings .................................................... 383 4.3.8 Biological applications olsol-gel glasses ........................................ 399 4.3.9 Laser glasses .................................................................................... 403 4.3.10 Nonlinear optical glasses ..... .......................................................... 409

4.4 CI IARACTERIZATION ................................................................................ 415 4.4. I Characterization techniques applied to sol-gel derived coatings ond products ............................................................................................. 417

5. SUBJECT INDEX ...................................................................................... 439

6. ANNEX ........................................................................................................ 467

I. IMPORTANT INTERNET SITES ..................................................................... 469 2. REGULAR CONrERENCES HOSTING SOL-GEL COMMUNICATIONS ............... 470 3. PROCEEDINGS OF MOST IMPORTANT CONFERENCES AND BOOKS ................ 471 4. WHERE TO riND PUI3L1CATIONS AND REPORTS ........................................... 477 5. MARKETSTIJDIES ...................................................................................... 478 6. Rr:SEARCH GROUPS AND WHO'S WHO IN SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND

TECIINOLOGY ................................................................................................ 479

7. COMPANIES COMMERCIAUZING SOL-GEL RELATED GLASS PRODUCTS AND

SOL-GEL PRODLJCTS USErUL rOR GLASS PRODUCTION AND ORGANIZATIONS

vii

WIIICII orrER DEVELOPMENTS IN SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGY .............................. 480 8. DISTRIßUTORS/MANurAcTuRERS or SOL-GEL RELATED CHEMICAL

PRECLJRSORS .................................................................................................. 486

EDITOR'S PREFACE The preparation of this Handbook "Sol-Gel Techniques for Glass Producers and Users" was one of the main tasks of the Te.chnical Committee TC-16 (Sol-Gel) of the International Commission on Glass (ICG). The contributions have there­fore been at purpose limited to coatings on glass and sol-gel materials wh ich can be transformed into glass products, and have been written by several former and present members as weil as by well-known scientists in the field.

As today the research and development expand very fast toward the prepara­tion, characterization and use of nanocomposite materials, some chapters have also been incorporated on the preparation of powders, hybrid materials and nanocomposites wh ich we believe will be key materials for the future, especially to coat glass substrates.

The contributors were required not to write a mere scientific text but better a contribution giving the readers technological information, descriptions and char­acterizations of prototypes or products already on the market and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel process in comparison to other methods. This is the reason why several reports are originating from scientists working in industries and development laboratories.

The Handbook is divided in several chapters. The first one entitled "Wet Chem ical Technology" gives a summary of the basic principles of the sol-gel chemistry. As the most promising applications are related to coatings, the contri­butions of chapter 2 describe the various "Wet Chemical Coating Technologies" li'om glass cleaning to many deposition and post-coating treatment techniques as weil as patterning of coatings through direct 01' indirect techniques that became very important and for which the sol-gel processing is particularly weil adapted. Chapter 3 entitled "Bulk Glass Technologies" reports on the preparation of spe­cial glasses for different applications. Chapter 4 entitled "Coating and Materials Properties" describes the properties of the different coatings and the sol-gel ma­terials. It has been subdivided in passive and active coatings as weil as gels, bulk materials, tibers and powders. The chapter also includes a section dedicated to the characterization techniques especially applied to sol-gel coatings and prod­ucts.

The readers will also find in the front matter an alphabetical list of all con­tributors along with their addresses and the titles ofthe articles ofwhich they are aLlthors 01' co-authors.

Accessibility of material is of vital importance in a handbook. All aliicles have been linked by extensive references and a subject index (chapter 5). This has been compiled to assist the reader in locating all references to a particular topic. Entries may have up to two levels of headings. Where there is substantial discussion of the topic, the page number appeal' in bold type. Every effort has been made to make the index as comprehensive as possible and to standardize the terms used.

The editors found also interesting to give the readers in an annex (chapter 6) general information on the field such as internet sites, the main conferences hold-

x

ing sol-gel sessions, the available Proceedings, publications, reports, market studies as weil as the most important groups and companies which either develop products or distribute or manufacture the chemical precursors.

Finally, the editors would like to thank Mrs. Martina Bonnard for collecting, processing and formauing all the contributions as weil as all individual authors for their contributions to this handbook.

Prof. Dr. Michel A. Aegerter Dr. Martin Mennig

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Contributors to the volume are listed in alphabeticalorder together with their affiliations, the title of the article(s) that they have authored. Where articles are co-authored, this has been indicated by an asterisk preceding the title.

Aegerter, Michel A. Prof. Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Department of Coating Technology Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-317 Fax: +49-681-9300-249 Email: aegerter@inm-gmbh.de Ink~iet printing * Inter/erence coatings * Nanoscaled powdersfi:Jr coatings Sintering and patterning using laser irradiation * Dip coating technique * Transparent conducting oxide coatings

Anschütz, Dieter Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Gruppe Physik und Chemie des Glases Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-334 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: anschuetz@inm-gmbh.de * Coatingsfor increasing and preserving the hending strength ol glass

Bange, Klaus Dr. Schott Spezialglas GmbH Luminescence Technology Hattenbergstraße 10 55104 Mainz / Germany Phone: +49-6131-62766-13 Fax: +49-6131-62766-12 Email: klaus.bange@schott.com Characterization techniques applied to sol-gel derived coatings and products

Barbe, Christophe Dr. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Materials Division Private Mail Sag I, NSW 2234 Menai / Australia Phone: +61-(02)-9717-3824 Fax: +61-(02)-9543-7179 Email: cab@ansto.gov.au * Photovoltaic coatings

Bartlett, John Dr. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Materials Division Private Mail Sag I, NSW 2235 Menai / Australia Phone: +61-2-9717-3652 Fax: +61-(02)-9543-7179 Email: jxb@ansto.gov.au * Photovoltaic coatings

xii

Belleville, Philippe F. Dr. Sol-Gel Laboratory CEA/Le Ripault B.P.16 37260 Monts / Francc Phone: +33-2-47 34 4982 Fax: +33-2-473451 56 Email: philippe.belleville@cea.fr * Capi/lary coating technique

Berni, Anette Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Gruppe Physik und Chemie des Glases Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-332 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: berni@inm-gmbh.de * Doctor blade

Birch, William Dr. Corning SA Fontainebleau Research Center 7 bis, Avenue de Valvins 77210 A von / France Phone: +33-1-647414 Fax: +33-1-64697454 Email: birchw@corning.com Cleaning glass surlaces

Birnie, 111, Dunbar Prof.Dr. University of Arizona Department of Materials Science and Engineering I-Iarshbarger ßuilding, Rm. 304B 85721-0012 Tucson, Arizona / USA Phone: + 1-520-621-6780 Fax: + 1-520-621-8059 Email: birnie@AML.arizona.edu Spin coating technique

Caps, Roland Dr. va-Q-tec AG Karl-Ferdinand-Braun-Str. 7 97080 Wuerzburg / Germany Phone: +49-931-35942-0 Fax: +49-931-35942-10 Email: caps@va-q-tec.com * Aerogelsfor thermal insulation

Chabrol, C. Dr. CEA Grenoble CEREM 17, rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9/ France Email: Chabrol.C@chartreuse.cea.fr The PyrosolCI'.) process

Coudray, Paul Universite de Montpellier II Laboratoire des Verres Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier / France Phone:+33-467-821910 Fax: +33-467-731485 Email: coudray@kloe.fr * /ntegrated optical circuits fabrication

Cronin, John Dr. ENKI Technologies 4541 East Fort Lowell Road Tucson, AZ 85112-1108 USA Phone: +1-520-321-7680 Fax: + 1-520-321-0030 Email: jccronin@enkitechnologies.com Electrochromic coatings

Dunn. Bruce Prof. Dr. University ofCalifornia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Boelter Hall 6532 90095-1595 Los Angeles I USA Phone: + 1-31 0-825-1519 Fax: + 1-31 0-206-7353 Email: bdunn@ucla.edu * Incorporation oldyes in sol-gel matrices

Endres, Klaus Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Neue Materialien für die Oberflächentechnik Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken I Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-358 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: endres@inm-gmbh.de * Coatingsfor increasing and pre.\'erving the bending strength ol glas.\'

Etienne, Pascal Prof. Dr. Universite de Montpellier 11 Laboratoire des Verres Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier I France Phone: +33-467-14-46-91 Fax: +33-467-54-48-0 I Email: petienne@crit.univ-montp2.fr * Integrated optical circuits

.fahrication

Fielder, Elizabeth Dr. University of London Imperial College ofScience, Technology and Medicine Department of Materials

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SW72 BP London I United Kingdom Phone: +44-20-7594-6741 Fax: +44-20-7594-6809 Email: e.fielder@ic.ac.uk * Biological gel-glasses

Fink-Straube, Claudia Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Gruppe Physik und Chemie des Glases Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken ! Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-392 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: fink@inm-gmbh.de * C%red coatings on glass based on noble metal colloids * F/at-~pfay process.for optical coatings on cold glass * Photochromic coatings * Spray process on cold glass

Floch, Herve G. Dr. CEA/CESTA B.P.2 33114 Le Barp I France Phone: +33-5-5704-4000 Email: herve.floch@cea.fr * Capillary coating technique

Fricke, Jochen Prof. Dr. Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research ZAE Bayern Am Hubland 97074 Wuerzburg I Germany Phone: +49-931-705-64-0 Fax: +49-931-705-6460 Email: fricke@zae.uni-wuerzburg.de * Aerogelsfor thermal insulation

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Fries, Kira Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Gruppe Physik und Chemie des Glases Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-319 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: fries@inm-gmbh.de * Pholochromic coatings

Frischat, Günther Heinz Prof. Dr. Technische Universität Clausthal Institut fur Nichtmetallische Werkstoffe Zehntnerstraße 2a 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld / Germany Phone: +49-5323-72-2463 Fax: +49-5323-72-3119 Email: gucnther.frischat@tu­c1austhal.de * Scratch resislant coatings

Georg, Andreas Dr. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Heidenhofstraße 2 791 10 Freiburg / Germany Phone: +49-761-4016-693 Fax: +49-761-4016-681 Email: georg@ise.fllg.de * (Jasochromic coatings

Gier, Andreas inomat GmbH Saarpfalz-Park 1 66450 Bexbach/Germany Phone: +49-6826-9344-13 Fax: +49-6826-9344-22 Email: andreas.gier@inomat.de * Coalings./or increasing and preserving the bending slrength o{ glass

Godard, Bruno SOPRA 26, rue Pierre Joigneaux 92270 Bois-Colombes / France Phone: +33-1-46496700 Fax: +33-1-42422934 Email: saelc@sopra-sa.com * Ablation o{sol-gel coating by excimer laser irradiation

Goebbert, Christian ITN Nanovation GmbH Untertürkheimer Straße 25 66117 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49 681 5001-460 Fax: +49 681 5001-499 Email: christian.goebbert@itn­nanovation.com * Nanoscaled powdersfor coatings

Graf, Wolfgang Dipl. lug. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Heidenhofstraße 2 79110 Freiburg / Germany Phone: +49-761-4016-685 Fax: +49-761-4016-681 Email: graf@ise.fllg.de * Gasochromic coatings

Guizard, Christian Prof. Dr. Institut Europeen des Membranes CNRS UMR 5635 UM 11 - CC047, Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 / France Phone: +33-4-67-1491-41 Fax: +33-4-67-1491-19 Email: christian.Guizard@iemm.univ­montp2.fr Porous materials and membranes

Guzman, Guillaume Dr. Corning SA Centre European de Recherche de Fontainebleau 7 bis, Avenue de Valvins 77210 A von / France Phone: +33-1-64-69-7445 Fax: +33-1-64-69-7453 Email: GuzmanG@corning.com Thermochromie transition-metal oxides

Helsch, Gundula DrAng. Technische Universität Clausthal Institut flir Nichtmetallische Werkstoffe Zehntnerstraße 2a 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld / Germany Phone: +49-5323-72-2463 Fax: +49-5323-72-3119 Email: gundula.helsch@tu­clausthal.de * Seratch resistant eoatings

Hench, Larry L. Prof. Dr. University of London Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Department of Materials SW72 BP London / United Kingdom Phone: +44-20-7594-6745 Fax: +44-20-7594-6809 Email: I.hench@ic.ac.uk * Biologieal gel-glasses

Janicot, Sylvie SOPRA 26, rue Pierre Joigneaux 92270 Bois-Colombes / France Phone: +33-1-46496700 Fax: +33-1-42422934 Email: appli@sopra-sa.com * Ablation orm/-gel coating by exeimer laser irradiation

Johnson Jr., D. W. Agere Systems 600 Mountain Ave. Rm. 1 F-206 P.O. Box 636

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07974-0636 Murray Hili, NJ / USA Phone: + 1-908-582-3906 Fax: + 1-908-582-4041 Email: dwj@agere.com * Monolithic si/ica glass and eylinders for opticalfiber

Kalleder, Axel Dr. inomat GmbH Saarpfalz-Park 1 66450 Bexbach/Germany Phone: +49-6826-9344-11 Fax: +49-6826-9344-22 Email: axel.kalleder@inomat.de * Screen printing

Kosec, Marija Prof. Dr. Jotef Stefan Institute POB 3000 Jamova 39 1001 Ljubljana / Siovenia Phone: +386-61-4773-900 Fax: +386-1-4263-126 Email: Marija.Kosec@ijs.si * Ferroelectric thinfilms

Köstlin, Heiner Dr. Kroitzheider Weg 48 52076 Aachen / Germany Phone: +49-2408-2271 Coatings{or high temperature use

Langlet, Michel Dr. ENSPG LMGP - UMR CNRS 5628 Domaine Universitaire BP 46 38402 Saint Martin D'Heres / France Phone: +33-4-76826325 Fax: +33-4-76826394 Email: MicheI.Langlet@inpg.fr The aerosol-gel proeess

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Lcvy, David Or. 1 nstituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid - ICMM, C.S.I.c. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientiticas Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid / Spain Phone: +34-913349076 Fax: +34-913720623 Email: D.Levy@icmm.csic.es EleUi'oopt ical coatings

Livage, Jacques Prof. Or. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Chimie de la Matiere Condensee -UMR 7574 4, place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 / France Phone: +33-1-44-273365 Fax: +33-1-44-274769 Email: livage@ccr.jussieu.fr Basic principles olsol-gel chemistry Biological applications olsol-gel glosses

MacChesney, John B. Or. Bell Laboratories 600-700 Mountain Ave. Rm. I D-360 P.O. Box 636 07974-0636 Murray Hili, NJ / USA Phone: + 1-908-582-4728 Fax: + 1-908-582-3958 Email: mac@lucent.com * MO{1olithic si/ica glass cylindersfor opliculfiber

MacCraith, Brian Prof. Or. Dublin City University School of Physical Sciences National Centre far Sensor Research Dublin / Ireland Phone: +353-1-700-5299 Fax: +353-1-700-8021 Email: brian.maccraith@dcu.ie * Optieu! chemieal sensors

Malic, Barbara Or. Jozef Stefan Institute POB3000 Jamova 39 1001 Ljubljana / Siovenia Phone: +386-1-4773-900 Fax: +386-1-4263-126 Email: barbara.malic@ijs.si * F erroelectric thin films

Matsuda, Atsunori Osaka Prefecture University Department of Applied Materials Science Sakai 599-8531 Osaka / Japan Phone: +81-72-254-9334 Fax: +81-72-254-9913 Email: matsuda@ams.osakafu-u.ac.jp * Eleetrophoretic coatings

McDonagh, Colette Or. Dublin City University School of Physical Sciences National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin / Ireland

Phone: +353-1-700-5301 Fax: +353-1-700-5384 Email: colette.mcdonagh@dcu.ie * Optical chemical sensors

Meilchen, Sabine Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbrücken/Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-319 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: meilchen@inm-gmbh.de *Screen printing

Mennig, Martin Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Gruppe Physik und Chemie des Glases Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-394 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: mennig@inm-gmbh.de * Coatingsfor increasing and preserving the hending strength oj glass * Colored coatings on glass based on nohle metal col!oid\' * Doctor hlade * Emhossing * FICI/-spray processj()r optical coutings on cold glass * Hydrophilic coating materials * Interference coatings * Metallic coating on dielectric suhstrates * Pad printing * Photochromic coatings * Screen printing * Spray process on cold glass

Morimoto, Takeshi Dr. Asahi Glass Co. Ltd. I I 50 Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku 221-8755 Yokohama / Japan Phone: +81-45-374-8810 Fax: +81-45-374-8858 Email: morimoto@agc.co.jp * Flexographic printing

Nalmnishi, Kazuki Prof. Dr. Kyoto University

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Department of Material Chem istry, Graduate School of Engineering Sakyo-ku 606-850 I Kyoto / Japan Phone: +81-75-7535551 Fax: +81-75-7533345 Email: kazuki@biscol.kuic.kyoto­u.ac.jp Porous glasses

Niegiseh, Nico Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbrücken/Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-118 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: niegisch@inm-gmbh.de * Hydrophilic coating materials

Nogami, Masayuki Prof. Dr. Nagoya Institute ofTechnology Department of Materials Science and Engineering 466-8555 Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya / Japan Phone: +81-52-735-5285 Fax: +81-52-735-5285 Email: nogami@mse.nitech.ac.jp Ion conductinti. coatings

Oliveira, Peter William Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbrücken/Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-148 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: oliveira@inm-gmbh.de * Embossing * fnterjerence coatings

xviii

Opara Krasovec, Ursa Dr. National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana / Siovenia Phone: +386-14760276 Fax: +386-14259244 Email: ursa.opara@ki.si * Ga~'ochromic coatings

Orel, Boris Prof. Dr. National Institute ofChemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana / Siovenia Phone: +386-1-4760276 Fax: +386-1-4259244 Email: boris.orel@ki.si * Gasochromic coatings

Pierre, Alain Prof. Dr. Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 43 Bd du 1 I novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex / France Phone: +33-4-72-445338 Fax: +33-4-78-220816 Email: Alain.Pierre@catalyse.cnrs.fr Catalysts

Pietsch, Matthias Dr. Keim-Additec Surface GmbH P.O. Box 1204 55478 Kirchberg/Hunsrück / Germany Phone: +49-6763-9333-30 Fax: +49-6763-9333-39 Email: pietsch@keim-additec.de * Metallic coating on dielectric substrates * Pad printing

Pilotek, Steffen Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien [m Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-210 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: pilotek@inm-gmbh.de Hydrophobie and oleophobic coatings

Pütz, Jörg Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbrücken/Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-349 Fax: +49-681-9300-249 Email: puetz@inm-gmbh.de * Dip coating technique * Transparent conducting oxide coatings

Reisfeld, Renata Prof. Dr. The Hebrew University Department of Inorganic Chemistry 91904 Jerusalem / Israel Phone: +972-2-658-5323 Fax: +972-2-658-5219 Email: renata@vms.huji.ac.il Doped sol-gel coatings Laser glasses Nonlinear optical glasses

Rouviere, Emmanuelle CEA Grenoble CEREM 17, rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 / France Phone: +33-4-3878-9142 Fax: +33-4-3878-4621 Email: emmanuelle.rouviere@cea.fr The Pyroso/@ process

Sakka, Sumio Prof. Dr. Sakka Laboratory Kuzuha Asahi 2-7-30, Hirakata 573- I I I I Osaka-Fu / Japan Phone: +8 I -72-855-7826 Fax: +8 I -72-855-975 I Email: sakkasum@sonnet.ne.jp Heat resistantfibers and optiealfibers

Sauer, Marlms Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66 I 23 Saarbrücken/Germany Phone: +49-681-9300- 157 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: sauer@inm-gmbh.de * Sereen printing

Schmidt, Helmut Prof. Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbruecken / Germany Phone: +49-68 I -9300-3 I 3 Fax: +49-681-9300-223 Email: schmidt@inm-gmbh.de * Coatings(or inereasing and preserving the bending strength o( glass * Colored eoatings on glass based on noble metal eol/oids * Doetor blade * Embossing * Hydrophilie eoating materials * Interferenee eoatings * Sereen printing

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Schmitt, Michael Dr. D1N - Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. Normenausschuss Materialprüfung (NMP) Burggrafenstraße 6 10787 Berlin / Germany Phone: +49-30-2601-2783 Fax: +49-30-2601- I 255 Email: michael.schmitt@din.de * Colored eoatings on glass based on noble metal eol/oids

Schneider, Heike Dr. Leibniz-Institut fuer Neue Materialien Im Stadtwald, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbrücken/Germany Phone: +49-681-9300-359 Fax: +49-68 I -9300-223 Email: hschneider@inm-gmbh.de * Hydrophilie eoating materials

Schulz, Jochen Dr. Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research Neunerplatz 2 97082 Würzburg / Germany Phone: +49-931-4 100-55 I Fax: +49-931-4 100-199 Email: schulz@isc.fhg.de * Gasoehromie eoatings

Schuster, F. CEA Grenoble CEREM 17, rue des Maliyrs 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 / France Email: schuster@zoe.cea.fr The Pyrosol® proeess

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Tatsumisago, Masahiro Prof. Dr. Osaka Prefecture University Department of Applied Materials Science Sakai 599-8532 Osaka / Japan Phone: +81-72-254-9331 Fax: +81-72-254-9913 Email: tatsu@ams.osakafu-u.ac.jp * E/eclrophoretic coatings

Tomonaga, Hiroyuki Dr. Asahi Glass Co. Ud. I 150 Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku 221-8755 Yokohama / Japan Phone: +81-45-374-8810 Fax: +81-45-374-8858 Email: tomonaga@agc.co.jp * F/exographic printing

Watanabe, Toshiya Prof. Dr. University ofTokyo Dept.of Research Strategy and Social Systems 4-6-1 Komaba,Meguro-ku 153-8904 Tokyo / Japan Phone: +81-3-5452-5332 Fax: +81-3-5452-5334 Email: watanabe@fchem.chem.t.u­tokyo.ac.jp Photocatalytic Ti02 Coatings

Wittwer, Volker Dr. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Heidenhofstraße 2 791 10 Freiburg / Germany Phone: +49-761-4588-5140 Fax: +49-761-4588-9000 Email: wittwer@ise.thg.de * GU.I'ochromic coatings

Yamane, Masayuki Prof. Dr. Tytemn Corporation Grantbell Yokohama Building 252 Yamashita-cho, Naka-ku 23 1-0023 Y okohama / Japan Phone: +81-45-222-4541 Fax: +81-45-222-4548 Email: yamane3@ve.catv.ne.jp G RIN glasses Properties ofGRIN materials

Yeatman, Eric Prof. Dr. Imperial College Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Exhibition Road S W7 2BT London / U K Phone: +44-20-7594-6204 Fax: +44-20-7594-6308 Email: e.yeatman@ic.ac.uk Planar waveguide optical amplifiers Thin~film optical waveguides

Zink, Jeffrey Prof. Dr. University of California Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Molecular Sciences 2505 B 90095-1569 Los Angeles / USA Phone: + 1-31 0-825-1 00 1 Fax: +1-310-206-4038 Email: zink@chem.ucla.edu * lncorporation of dyes in sol-gel matrices