sol usii.4
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SOL USII.4. Urbanization And Industrialization. Westward Migration. New opportunities and technological advances led to westward expansion following the Civil War. Reasons for Westward Expansion. Opportunities for land ownership - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SOL USII.4SOL USII.4
Urbanization Urbanization
And And
IndustrializationIndustrialization
Westward MigrationWestward Migration
New opportunities New opportunities and technological and technological advances led to advances led to westward expansion westward expansion following the Civil following the Civil War. War.
Reasons for Westward ExpansionReasons for Westward Expansion
Opportunities for land Opportunities for land ownershipownership
Technological advances, Technological advances, including the including the Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad
Possibility of wealth Possibility of wealth created by the discovery created by the discovery of gold and silverof gold and silver
AdventureAdventure A new beginning for A new beginning for
former slavesformer slaveshttp://content.lib.washington.edu/laroche/image/273.jpg
Reasons for Increased ImmigrationReasons for Increased Immigration
Hope for better opportunityHope for better opportunity Religious freedomReligious freedom Escape from oppressive governmentsEscape from oppressive governments AdventureAdventure
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Development of CitiesDevelopment of Cities
Population changes, Population changes, growth of cities, and new growth of cities, and new inventions produced inventions produced interaction and often interaction and often conflict between different conflict between different cultural groups.cultural groups.
Population changes, Population changes, growth of cities, and new growth of cities, and new inventions produced inventions produced problems in urban areas. problems in urban areas.
TransportationTransportation
Cable cars invented by Andrew HallidieCable cars invented by Andrew Hallidie Electric trolley railways invented by Frank Electric trolley railways invented by Frank
Sprague and used in Richmond, VirginiaSprague and used in Richmond, Virginia Invention of the gas powered automobile in 1893Invention of the gas powered automobile in 1893
http://www.cable-car-guy.com/images/tacoma_003.jpghttp://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/01/auto_bday/image/car_right.jpg
CommunicationsCommunications
The development of The development of the telegraph by the telegraph by Samuel MorseSamuel Morse
Lighting and Lighting and mechanical uses of mechanical uses of electricity by Thomas electricity by Thomas EdisonEdison
http://www.wrvmuseum.org/morsecode/images/samuel_morse_telegraph.jpg
http://blogs.abcnews.com/scienceandsociety/images/edison_light_bulb.jpg
CommunicationsCommunications
Telephone service Telephone service developed by developed by Alexander Graham Alexander Graham BellBell
Typewriter and Typewriter and adding machineadding machine
http://www.solarnavigator.net/inventors/inventor_images/alexander_graham_bell_1876_speaking_into_telephone.jpg
http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/education/museum/images/pictures/artifacts3_big.jpg
Reasons Why Cities DevelopedReasons Why Cities Developed Specialized industries Specialized industries
including steel including steel (Pittsburgh), meat (Pittsburgh), meat packing (Chicago)packing (Chicago)
Boston (textiles), New Boston (textiles), New York City (clothing), York City (clothing), Cleveland (steel), Cleveland (steel), Philadelphia Philadelphia (shipbuilding)(shipbuilding)
Immigration from other Immigration from other countriescountries
Movement of Americans Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas from rural to urban areas for job opportunitiesfor job opportunities
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http://www.marinelog.com/IMAGESMMVI/akerfloatout.jpg
Challenges Faced by CitiesChallenges Faced by Cities
Rapid industrialization Rapid industrialization and urbanization led and urbanization led to overcrowded to overcrowded immigrant immigrant neighborhoods and neighborhoods and tenementstenements
Tenements and Tenements and ghettosghettos
Political corruption Political corruption (political machines)(political machines)
http://edweb.sdsu.edu/ltca/Industrial/crowdedcity.jpg
InventionsInventions
Inventions had both Inventions had both positive and negative positive and negative effects on society.effects on society.
Inventions contributed Inventions contributed to great change and to great change and industrial growth. industrial growth.
Manufacturing and ProcessingManufacturing and Processing
Bessemer process of Bessemer process of mass producing steelmass producing steel
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Henry_Bessemer.jpg
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/6/61/Bessemer_converter.jpg
Manufacturing and ProcessingManufacturing and Processing
Production of steel by Andrew CarnegieProduction of steel by Andrew Carnegiehttp://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=42711&rendTypeId=4
http://www.scripophily.com/webcart/vigs/phildelphiaandbostonpetroleumvig.jpg
Manufacturing and ProcessingManufacturing and Processing
The division of labor The division of labor that resulted from Eli that resulted from Eli Whitney’s Whitney’s development of development of interchangeable partsinterchangeable parts
http://www.explorenewengland.com/travel/explorene/connecticut/blog/052006pic1.JPG
http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/5/p/W/eli_whitney.jpg
Manufacturing and ProcessingManufacturing and Processing
Oil refining by Samuel Oil refining by Samuel Kier in PennsylvaniaKier in Pennsylvania
http://www.history.rochester.edu/fuels/tarbell/KIER.JPG
http://www.4to40.com/images/earth/science/petroleum/oil_extracting_machinery_derrick.jpg
ArchitectureArchitecture
Suspension bridges Suspension bridges and skyscrapersand skyscrapers
Efforts to Solve Immigration Efforts to Solve Immigration ProblemsProblems
Settlement houses, Settlement houses, such as Hull House, such as Hull House, founded by Jane founded by Jane Addams Addams
Political machines Political machines that gained power by that gained power by attending to the attending to the needs of new needs of new immigrants (i.e., jobs, immigrants (i.e., jobs, housing)housing)
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Interaction & Conflict Between Interaction & Conflict Between Different Cultural GroupsDifferent Cultural Groups
Indian policies and warsIndian policies and wars Reservations (public land set aside by the Reservations (public land set aside by the
government to be used for a certain group of government to be used for a certain group of people)people)
Interaction & Conflict Between Interaction & Conflict Between Different Cultural GroupsDifferent Cultural Groups
Battle of Little BighornBattle of Little Bighorn
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Interaction & Conflict Between Interaction & Conflict Between Different Cultural GroupsDifferent Cultural Groups
Chief JosephChief Joseph
When Chief Joseph When Chief Joseph surrendered, he surrendered, he declared “Hear me declared “Hear me my chiefs! I am tired! my chiefs! I am tired! My heart is sick and My heart is sick and sad. From where the sad. From where the sun now stands, I will sun now stands, I will fight no more forever!”fight no more forever!”
http://nativeamericanrhymes.com/chiefs/images/joseph350.jpg
Interaction & Conflict Between Interaction & Conflict Between Different Cultural GroupsDifferent Cultural Groups
Discrimination against Discrimination against immigrants (Chinese immigrants (Chinese and Irish)and Irish)
Nativists were Nativists were American citizens American citizens who believed who believed immigrants were immigrants were inferiorinferior
http://www.assumption.edu/ahc/Irish/Irish_emigrants_Mersey.jpg
DiscriminationDiscrimination Discrimination against African Discrimination against African
Americans continued after Americans continued after Reconstruction.Reconstruction.
““Jim Crow” laws Jim Crow” laws institutionalized a system of institutionalized a system of legal segregation.legal segregation.
Other groups experienced Other groups experienced discrimination. Groups such discrimination. Groups such as the American Protective as the American Protective Association was made up of Association was made up of Nativists who did not trust Nativists who did not trust immigrants as well as other immigrants as well as other American citizens. American citizens. http://www.africanamericans.com/images2/JimCrowSegregated.jpg
Racial SegregationRacial Segregation
Based on raceBased on race Directed primarily against African Americans, but Directed primarily against African Americans, but
other groups were also kept segregatedother groups were also kept segregated ““Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate
against African Americansagainst African Americans
““Jim Crow” LawsJim Crow” Laws
Made discrimination Made discrimination practices legal in practices legal in many communities many communities and statesand states
Were characterized Were characterized by unequal by unequal opportunities in opportunities in housing, work, housing, work, education, and education, and governmentgovernmenthttp://literacyrules.com/Black%20History/TheJimCrowLaws-Front.jpg
African Americans differed in African Americans differed in their responses to their responses to
discrimination and “Jim Crow.” discrimination and “Jim Crow.”
How did African Americans How did African Americans Respond? Respond?
Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington Believed equality could be Believed equality could be
achieved through vocational achieved through vocational education; accepted social education; accepted social separationseparation
Atlanta Compromise: 1895, Atlanta Compromise: 1895, Booker T. Washington gave a Booker T. Washington gave a speech in which he stated that speech in which he stated that African Americans should African Americans should accept the “separate but accept the “separate but equal” doctrine and learn equal” doctrine and learn trades to improve their lives. trades to improve their lives.
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How did African Americans How did African Americans Respond?Respond?
W.E.B. Du BoisW.E.B. Du Bois Believed in full political, Believed in full political,
civil, and social rights for civil, and social rights for African Americans. He African Americans. He believed those rights believed those rights should be given to African should be given to African Americans immediately.Americans immediately.
Niagara Movement: in Niagara Movement: in 1905, Du Bois and others 1905, Du Bois and others demanded an end to demanded an end to racial segregation. racial segregation.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg/250px-WEB_DuBois_1918.jpg
Move to IndustryMove to Industry
Between the Civil War and World War I, the Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed from an United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation. agricultural to an industrial nation.
Reasons for Rise and Prosperity of Reasons for Rise and Prosperity of Big BusinessBig Business
National markets created National markets created by transportation by transportation advancesadvances
Captains of industry Captains of industry (John D. Rockefeller, oil; (John D. Rockefeller, oil; Andrew Carnegie, steel, Andrew Carnegie, steel, Henry Ford, automobile)Henry Ford, automobile)
AdvertisingAdvertising Lower-cost productionLower-cost production
Factors Resulting in the Growth of Factors Resulting in the Growth of IndustryIndustry
Access to raw materials and energyAccess to raw materials and energy Availability of work forceAvailability of work force InventionsInventions Financial resourcesFinancial resources
Examples of Big BusinessExamples of Big Business
RailroadsRailroadsSteelSteelOilOil
Examples of Big BusinessExamples of Big Business
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/1245.jpg
http://www.historycentral.com/rec/StandardOilCo.jpg
http://www.scripophily.com/webcart/vigs/ussteelvigb.jpg
Postwar Changes in Farm and City Postwar Changes in Farm and City LifeLife
Mechanization (i.e., the Mechanization (i.e., the reaper) had reduced farm reaper) had reduced farm labor needs and labor needs and increased productionincreased production
Industrial development in Industrial development in cities created increased cities created increased labor needslabor needs
Industrialization provided Industrialization provided access to consumer access to consumer goods (i.e., mail order)goods (i.e., mail order)
http://www.lib.niu.edu/ipo/1992/ihy9212051a.jpg
http://exhibits.mannlib.cornell.edu/prefabhousing/images/large/Sears2.jpg
Progressive MovementProgressive Movement
The effects of industrialization led The effects of industrialization led to the rise of organized labor and to the rise of organized labor and
important workplace reforms. important workplace reforms.
Progressive Movement Workplace Progressive Movement Workplace ReformsReforms
Improved safety Improved safety conditionsconditions
Reduced work hoursReduced work hours Placed restrictions on Placed restrictions on
child laborchild labor
Negative Effects of IndustrializationNegative Effects of Industrialization
Child laborChild labor Low wages, long hoursLow wages, long hours Unsafe working conditionsUnsafe working conditions
http://www.icsd.k12.ny.us/acs/library/ushistory/laborwebquest/images/child_labor.jpg
Rise of Organized LaborRise of Organized Labor Formation of union: American Formation of union: American
Federation of LaborFederation of Labor Strikes: Homestead StrikeStrikes: Homestead Strike Legislation was passed and Legislation was passed and
reforms became a reality that reforms became a reality that eliminated child labor, unsafe eliminated child labor, unsafe working conditions, excessive working conditions, excessive hours of work, and created hours of work, and created worker management worker management arbitration (discussing arbitration (discussing problems and reaching an problems and reaching an agreement)agreement)
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/HomesteadRiot1892.jpg
Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage
Increased educational Increased educational opportunitiesopportunities
Attained voting rights: Attained voting rights: Women gained the Women gained the right to vote with the right to vote with the passage of the 19passage of the 19thth Amendment; Susan Amendment; Susan B. Anthony worked for B. Anthony worked for women’s suffrage.women’s suffrage.
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http://z.about.com/d/womenshistory/1/0/D/1/sbanthony_hws_400w.jpg
Temperance MovementTemperance Movement Composed of groups Composed of groups
opposed to the making opposed to the making and consumption of and consumption of alcohol. The rationale alcohol. The rationale was that liquor caused was that liquor caused poverty and social poverty and social disorder.disorder.
Supported the 18Supported the 18thth Amendment which Amendment which prohibited the prohibited the manufacture, sale, and manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol.transport of alcohol.
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