solar barge

Solar Barge

U.S. Pat. Pending # 61/217,693 POC: Garth Huckabee

[email protected]

Advantages

• Mobility-• Large scale power which can get out of the way of danger. • Capable of creating power while in motion.• Easier to perform large scale repairs if needed. Barges can be brought to

dry dock. • Not permanent fixture so minimal damage to environment if any. • Can be utilized almost anywhere in the world• Has multiple applications Commercial, Humanitarian, Scientific and

Military

Advantages

• Current Technology- • SMA Inverter• Standard GE 200w PV Panels• NGK Large Scale Batteries able to handle megawatt size loads• Deck Barge made by multiple ship building companies and

can carry large loads

Advantages

• Low Overhead• Unlike wind turbines PV panels have no moving parts so

degradation due to salt water is much less. • Cost of replacement parts and repair time much

smaller(panels go down unit still operates. Wind turbine goes down unit dead till repaired.)

• No moving parts means no oil or specialty oil for certain parts like generators.

• Almost no impact on environment.• Almost entire system can be recycled

Advantages

• On the ocean there are no obstacles (natural or manmade) meaning the possibility of horizon to horizon power generation.

• PV Panels- Photo voltaic panels means renewable energy• Radiance-every square inch of water reflects sunlight in all

directions. This adds to overall solar collection.• Power generation depends on size of barge and number of

panels. Multiple barges can be employed for one area• Does not take up land• Can be utilized as a Tiered system

Advantages

• Tiered System• Tier1-

– Barge equipped PV panels and NGK batteries which can be brought in and out to be used as off grid power. These barges can be plugged into the grid when needed.

– Barge equipped with PV panels but not equipped with NGK batteries but the barge is hooked to an onshore NGK battery system for off grid power, able to be plugged in when needed.

Advantages

• Tier2– Barge is equipped with PV panels and batteries– Barge is plugged directly into land side electric

grid through a SMA inverter/transformer.– Barge is also set up with NGK battery system – This tier is most mobile and can be deployed

quickly anywhere in world.

Advantages

• Tier3– Platform is located farther offshore and equipped with

NGK batteries.– Platform is much larger designed for greater power

generation.– Battery barges connected to platform being charged.

Barges can then be swapped out, brought back and connected to land side grid.

– Battery Barges are simply large scale battery systems.

Disadvantages

• Initial cost larger than some forms of power generation

• NGK batteries more expensive at this time• Power generation dependant upon weather• Rule of Thumb: If enough light to make shadows

then enough light to make energy which can be stockpiled for later use.

Solar Barge (320x80x14)

Usable Area: 300x70 Possible Number of Panels:1,260Height From Ocean Surface: 27ftEstimated Cost: 9,176,200 Energy Generated: 244kWh

Solar Barge (1120x188x45)

Usable area: 1100x183 ft Possible number of panels: 15,448 Height from Ocean surface: 43.25 ft

Estimated Cost: 60,000,000 Energy Generated: 3.08 MW/h

Components

• All costs are approximations due to new systems/ components• Deck Barge (300x80x14) (capacity 3,000T) 2,000,000• Framing/work space: 750,000• Marine 2/4 100amp power cable (4miles) 400,000• GE 200w 600v panels (st) (1,260) (24.57T) 1,726,200• SMA 250kW inverter (3.36T) 1,800,000• NGK Battery system (1MW) (19T) 2,500,000• Estimated Total Cost 9,176,200• Estimated capacity loss 100T

Deck Barge

http://www.bristolharborgroup.com/commercial/deck_barge_designs.html

GE Standard PV Cell

http://www.ge.com/products_services/energy.html

SMA Inverter/Transformer

http://www.sma-america.com/en_US/products/grid-tied-inverters/sunny-central.html

NGK Battery System

http://www.ngk.co.jp/english/products/power/nas/application/index.html

Power Generation Factors

• Calculations used from www.pvwatts.org• DC to AC Derate factor used is .77 (derate is a percentage of

actual power generation created by multiple factors)• Certain aspects of the Derate system concerning the solar

barge do not apply• Shading, Array Type and Azimuth of Array do not apply• PV module, Inverter/Transformer, Diodes/connections, AC

wiring, DC wiring, System Availability, Soiling


• PV module nameplate DC ratingThis accounts for the accuracy of the manufacturer's nameplate rating. Field measurements of PV modules may show that they are different from their nameplate rating or that they experience light-induced degradation upon exposure. A derate factor of 0.95 indicates that testing yielded power measurements in a controlled environment that were 5% less than the manufacturer's nameplate rating

• Inverter and transformerThis reflects the inverter’s and transformer’s combined efficiency in converting DC power to AC power. A list of inverter efficiencies by manufacturer is available from the Consumer Energy Center. The inverter efficiencies include transformer-related losses when a

transformer is used or required by the manufacturer.


• Diodes and connectionsThis derate factor accounts for losses from voltage drops across diodes used to block the reverse flow of current and from resistive losses in electrical connections.

• DC wiringThe derate factor for DC wiring accounts for resistive losses in the wiring between modules and the wiring connecting the PV array to the inverter.

• AC wiringThe derate factor for AC wiring accounts for resistive losses in the wiring

between the inverter and the connection to the local utility service. • System availability

The derate factor for system availability accounts for times when the system is off because of maintenance or inverter or utility outages. The default value of 0.98 represents the system being off 2% of the year.


• SoilingThe derate factor for soiling accounts for dirt, snow, and other foreign matter on the surface of the PV module that prevent solar radiation from reaching the solar cells. Dirt accumulation is location- and weather-dependent. There are greater soiling losses (up to 25% for some California locations) in high-trafffic, high-pollution areas with infrequent rain. For northern locations, snow reduces the energy produced, and the severity is a function of the amount of snow and how long it remains on the PV modules. Snow remains longest when sub-freezing temperatures prevail, small PV array tilt angles prevent snow from sliding off, the PV array is closely integrated into the roof, and the roof or another structure in the vicinity facilitates snow drift onto the modules. For a roof-mounted PV system in Minnesota with a tilt angle of 23°, snow reduced the energy production during winter by 70%; a nearby roof-mounted PV system with a tilt angle of 40° experienced a 40% reduction.

Panel Mount Configuration as a Factor of Power Generation

Pitched Roof

Wedge Parallel to Sun Path

Wedge Perpendicular to Sun Path (side view)

Dome

Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics (2008, 2009) (Megawatts)

2 0 0 9 2 0 0 8 % C hang e

N et G eneratio n (tho us and megawattho urs )

Coal[1] 1,019,680 1,173,748 -13.1

P etroleum Liquids [2] 17,004 18,600 -8.6

P etro leum C o ke 8,235 8,206 0.4

Natural G as [3] 510,063 501,709 1.7

O ther G as es [4] 5,644 7,401 -23.7

N uclear 471,368 467,379 0.9

H ydro electric C o nventio nal 169,032 160,872 5.1

Other R enewables 78,518 73,321 7.1

Wo o d and Wo o d-Derived F uels [5] 20,933 22,611 -7.4

O ther B iom as s [6] 9,755 10,120 -3.6

Geo thermal 8,417 8,578 -1.9

S olar Therm al and P hotovoltaic [7] 488 543 -10.1

Wind 38,925 31,469 23.7

H ydro electric P umped S to rage -2,455 -3,590 31.6

O ther E nergy S ourc es [8] 6,415 6,158 4.2

A ll E nergy S o urc es 2,283,503 2,413,803 -5.4

Ite m s

To ta l (A l l S e cto rs )

Consumption of Fossil Fuels for Electrical Generation(2008, 2009)(US Energy Information Administration)

2009 2008 % Change Coal(1000 tons) 539,888 610,378 -11.5 Petroleum liquid (1000bbls) 28,617 31,270 -8.5 Petroleum Coke(1000 tons) 3,075 3,177 -3.2 Natural Gas (1000 Mcf) 3,947,355 3,916,199 .8

• Moderate Energy Consumption Growth and Greater Use of Renewables: Total primary energy consumption grows by 14 percent between 2008 and 2035, as the fossil fuel share of total U.S. energy consumption falls from 84 percent to 78 percent.

• Total electricity consumption, including both purchases from electric power producers and on-site generation, grows by 1 percent per year over the projection period, from 3,873 billion kilowatthours in 2008 to 5,021 billion kilowatthours in 2035. (29.64% increase)

Projected Carbon Dioxide Emissions (Annual Energy Outlook 2009 with Projections to 2030 from Energy Information

Administration)

Possible Power Generation(320x80x14)

• Location: Nantucket Sound• Lat (deg N):41.218• Long (deg W):-70.08• PV System Specifications• DC Rating:244.0 kW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating:187.9 kW• Solar hrs Avg. 5.66• total generated power/yr:379,516• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: 24.18 cents/kWh 1yr• Cost: 4.84 cents/kWh 5yr

Month Solar Radiation "AC Energy (kWh)",

Jan 3.71 22,480

Feb 4.48 24,598 Mar 5.93 35,383 Apr 6.40 36,397 May 7.16 40,775 June 7.57 40,362, July 7.12 38,695 Aug 7.00 37,891 Sept 6.19 32,744 Oct 5.21 29,536 Nov 3.75 21,053 Dec 3.32 19,600


• Location: Nantucket Sound• Lat (deg N):41.218• Long (deg W):-70.08• PV System Specifications• DC Rating: 3.08MW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating: 2.37MW• Solar hrs Avg. 5.66• total generated power/yr:4,801.7 MW• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: .012 cents/kWh 1yr

Month Solar Radiation "AC Energy (MWh)",

Jan 3.71 263.7

Feb 4.48 297.2

Mar 5.93 421.6 Apr 6.40 455.0

May 7.16 509.0 June 7.57 538.2

July 7.12 506.2 Aug 7.00 497.7

Sept 6.19 440.1 Oct 5.21 370.4

Nov 3.75 266.6 Dec 3.32 236.0


• Location: Offshore Miami• Lat (deg N):25.502• Long (deg W):-80.182• PV System Specifications• DC Rating: 244Kw• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating: 187.8Kw• Solar hrs Avg. 6.69• total generated power/yr:420,050• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: 21.85 cents/kWh 1yr• Cost: 4.37cents/kWh 5yrs


Jan 6.30 34,361

Feb 6.70 32,968 Mar 6.90 37,487 Apr 7.95 41,487 May 7.51 39,725 June 6.99 35,355 July 7.04 36,881 Aug 6.75 35,336 Sept 6.48 32,465 Oct 6.39 33,491 Nov 5.75 29,865 Dec 5.61 30,629


• Location: Offshore Miami• Lat (deg N):25.502• Long (deg W):-80.182• PV System Specifications• DC Rating: 3.08MW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating: 2.37MW/h• Solar hrs Avg. 6.69• total generated power/yr:5,326.6 MW• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: .011 cents/kWh 1yr


Jan 6.30 447.9

Feb 6.70 444.6 Mar 6.90 558.9

Apr 7.95 565.2 May 7.51 533.9

June 6.99 496.9 July 7.04 500.5

Aug 6.75 479.9 Sept 6.48 460.7

Oct 6.39 454.3 Nov 5.75 396.7

Dec 5.61 387.1


• Location: Offshore Los Angeles• Lat (deg N):33.854• Long (deg W):-118.29• PV System Specifications• DC Rating:244.0 kW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating:187.9 kW• Solar hrs Avg. 7.56• total generated power/yr: 477,961• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: 19.20 cents/kWh 1yr• Cost: 3.84 cents/kWh 5yrs


Jan 5.86 32,316

Feb 6.51 32,379

Mar 7.42 40,880 Apr 8.39 44,267 May 8.97 48,547 June 8.83 45,207 July 9.09 47,636 Aug 8.87 46,255 Sept 7.91 39,975 Oct 6.73 35,903 Nov 6.39 33,642 Dec 5.66 30,954


• Location: Offshore Los Angeles• Lat (deg N):33.854• Long (deg W):-118.29• PV System Specifications• DC Rating: 3.08MW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating: 2.37MW• Solar hrs Avg. 7.56• total generated power/yr: 5,863.7MW• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: .01 cents/kWh 1yr


Jan 5.86 416.6

Feb 6.51 462.9

Mar 7.42 527.6 Apr 8.39 596.5 May 8.97 637.7 June 8.83 627.8 July 9.09 646.3 Aug 8.87 630.7 Sept 7.91 562.4 Oct 6.73 478.5 Nov 6.39 454.3 Dec 5.66 402.4


• Location: Offshore Washington• Lat (deg N):47.863• Long (deg W):-124.579• PV System Specifications• DC Rating:244.0 kW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating:187.9 kW• Solar hrs Avg. 5.19• total generated power/yr: 333,888• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: 27.49 cents/kWh 1yr• Cost: 5.50 cents/kWh 5yrs


Jan 2.17 11,593

Feb 3.51 17,457

Mar 4.39 24,349 Apr 5.80 31,620 May 6.87 38,063 June 7.48 39,814 July 8.20 44,512 Aug 7.89 42,297 Sept 6.99 36,562

Oct 4.37 23,857 Nov 2.40 12,413 Dec 2.12 11,352


• Location: Offshore Washington• Lat (deg N):47.863• Long (deg W):-124.579• PV System Specifications• DC Rating: 3.08MW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating: 2.37MW• Solar hrs Avg. 5.19• total generated power/yr: 4,404.9MW• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: .012 cents/ kWh 1yr


Jan 2.17 154.3

Feb 3.51 232.9

Mar 4.39 312.1

Apr 5.80 412.4 May 6.87 488.4

June 7.48 531.8 July 8.20 583

Aug 7.89 561 Sept 6.99 497

Oct 4.37 310.7

Nov 2.40 170.6 Dec 2.12 150.7


• Location: Offshore Chicago • Lat (deg N):41.884• Long (deg W):-87.476• PV System Specifications• DC Rating:244.0 kW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating:187.9 kW

• Solar hrs Avg 5.23 • total generated power/yr:343,015 • +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: 26.75 cents/kWh 1yr• Cost: 5.35 cents/kWh 5yrs


Jan 3.26 19,909

Feb 3.88 21,044

Mar 4.94 29,006 Apr 6.13 33,833 May 6.95 38,103 June 7.56 39,451 July 7.30 38,403 Aug 6.70 35,489 Sept 5.83 30,243

Oct 4.63 25,988 Nov 2.86 15,800 Dec 2.68 15,745


• Location: Offshore Chicago • Lat (deg N):41.884• Long (deg W):-87.476• PV System Specifications• DC Rating: 3.08MW• DC to AC Derate Factor:0.770• AC Rating: 2.37MW

• Solar hrs Avg 5.23 • total generated power/yr:4438.7MW• +/- 30% due to multiple factors• Cost: .012 cents/kWh 1yr


Jan 3.26 231

Feb 3.88 257.6

Mar 4.94 351 Apr 6.13 435 May 6.95 494.1 June 7.56 537 July 7.30 519 Aug 6.70 477

Sept 5.83 414

Oct 4.63 330 Nov 2.86 204 Dec 2.68 189

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