PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOLAR WATER PUMP DISCHARGE EFFICIENCY AT VARIABLE HEADS UNDER DIFFERENT WEATHER

CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF SOLAR RADIATION

Directorate General Agriculture(Water Management) Punjab

Basharat JavaidDirector, Water Management Training Institute, Lahore

INTRODUCTION

The sun is the natural source of energy for an independent watersupply. Solar pumps operate anywhere the sun shines, and the longer

it shines, the more water they pumps

Agricultural production through irrigation with electric tubewells is hitbadly by energy crises as the grid electricity in remote areas is

extremely short

The use of renewable energy resources and replacement of existingnon-renewable energy source of fossil fuels for irrigation tubewells

with renewable energy such as solar or wind could be a viable option

PROSPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN

Solar energy is available for more than 300 days a year in Pakistanwith about 6-8 hours effective daylight hours.

Most parts of the Pakistan receive very high solar radiationintensities about (5kwh/m2 /day)

The arid/ semi-arid climate of the Punjab provides ideal conditions foradoption of solar energy for operating irrigation water pumps.

In the present scenario, when the electricity is insufficient fordomestic use and fuel prices are increasing exponentially, solarwater pumps could be a viable solution for irrigation

PROSPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN

IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR WATER PUMPING

A natural match between the availability of sunlight and the need

for water.

A reliable, efficient, sustainable and cost effective energy option

for agriculture

It will create awareness among the farming community for

conservation of resources and helped them to overcome

hesitation in adoption of new interventions

JUSTIFICATION

More than one million tubewells in Pakistan including 750,000 diesel and70,000 electricity operated in the Punjab, consuming enormous fuel and

energy

Government is heavily subsidizing electric tariff for agriculturaltubewells putting additional burden on national exchequer

Agricultural production through irrigation with electric tubewells is hitbadly by energy crises as the grid electricity in remote areas is

extremely short

The replacement of existing non-renewable energy source of fossil fuelsfor irrigation tubewells with renewable energy resources such as solar

or wind is a viable option

When light falls on the active surface, the electrons in asolar cell become energized and Photovoltaic arrayconverts solar energy directly into electricity as DC

The power from a solar system and the volume of waterpumped varies with the amount of solar radiation

The pump will have its own optimum dischargedepending on the type and size of panel/ motor

SOLAR TECHNOLOGY

COMPONENTS OF SOLAR WATER PUMP

Photovoltaic pumps are consist up of three maincomponents

Power Source

Photovoltaic solar module

Motor (AC/ DC) & Pump

Submersible

Centrifugal

Power Controllers

Inverter

Maximum Power Point Tracker

POWER SOURCE (PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE)

SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

INVERTOR

When the Photovoltaic (PV) module (array) is exposed tosunlight and light falls on the active surface, the electrons ina solar cell become energized and Photovoltaic arrayconverts solar energy directly into electricity as DirectCurrent DC

The Photovoltaic PV module can also be used for ACapplications using an inverter. Photovoltaic PV is especiallysuitable for water pumping because energy need not bestored for night pumping. Instead, water can be stored tosupply water at night

The power from a solar system and the volume of waterpumped varies with the amount of solar radiation

METHODOLOGY

The system mainly consists of PVarray, inverter, controller, submersible pump and water tank.

A photovoltaic array is use to collect solar radiation and converts

directly into electricity as DC and then into AC through Inverter

The pump will have an electric motor to drive it and use to transfer of

fluid

An appropriate water tank to store water for later use.

Stands for the PV array has the tracking function (by manual

regulating the stands), significantly increasing the working time of the

system to pump more water.

WORKING OF SOLAR WATER PUMP

SOLAR WATER PUMP

INSTALLATION OF SOLAR WATER PUMP

BORING FOR SOLAR WATER PUMP

FOUNDATION FOR STANDS

INSTALLATION OF PANEL

PILOT TESTING OF SOLAR WATER PUMPS

PROJECT DIGEST Name of the Project

PILOT TESTING OF SOLAR WATER PUMPS Location

The project will be implemented through out the Punjab province by installing nine (9) Solar Water Pumps at selected government farms.

Sponsoring Government of the Punjab through Agriculture Department

Execution The Punjab Agriculture Department through Directorate General

Agriculture (Water Management) Punjab, Lahore

o Supply & Services Companies Project Period

2009-10 to 2011-12 Project Cost

19.22 million

PROJECT OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the project include, interalia, the

followings Assess the effects of solar radiation (insolation) on solar array

outputs and subsequent variations in pumpage at various locations around the province.

Evaluate the performance of different types of solar energy arrays (fixed & moving) over extended periods of time under different agro-climatic conditions as the rated specifications given by manufacturers generally reflect peak performances under ideal conditions and do not accurately indicate long term performance under less than ideal or poor conditions.

Compare manufacturers specifications under less than ideal or poor conditions.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

Compare manufacturers specifications under less than ideal or poorconditions.

Find out pros and cons of using fixed array systems having lower cost andbetter stability but lower efficiency, versus solar tracking arrays whichhave higher efficiencies but are more expensive and difficult to maintain.

Integration of solar energy pumping units with different high efficiencyirrigation systems such as drip, trickle, gated pipes etc.

Determine the most optimum configuration, in terms ofefficiency, economic viability and reliability.

Develop most optimum cropping patterns (year round) which offermaximum returns to investments in solar energy pumping systems.

PROJECT COMPONENTS

The main components envisaged for proposed scheme include, interalia, the followings.

Installation of 9 Solar Water Pumps at selected government farms in

the province

Construction of water storage tank

Data collection of each site and its compilation

Training / Capacity building of the operator (Field Assistant) in

operation, maintenance, and management of solar water pumps

Contd

Advantages No fuel requirement for operation A little maintenance Environmentally benign Long panel life (15-20 years)

Limitations High initial capital cost Uses unfamiliar technology

o DC motorso Submersible pumpso Alternator/ batteries for operating AC motors

Difficulty for arranging repair / spare parts Susceptible to theft and vandalism

SELECTION CRITERIA

The government farm were selected primarily on basis offollowing criteria

Water of the farm is fit for irrigation

Provide 4 acres cultivated (preferably fertile, not barren/virgin) pieceof land free of cost for project activities

Preferably shallow watertable

Preference will be given to the farm where high efficiency irrigationsystem has already been installed

Contd

BASIC INFORMATION OF SITE AT SHEIKHUPURA

Sr.No

Particular Description

1 GPS CoordinatesN 31 42.541E 73 57.971

2 Water table Depth (Meters) 20

3 Water Quality Good

4 Existing CropsVegetables & Crops (Tomato, Wheat, Rice)

5 Crop to be Grown (Wheat, Vegetables )

6 Current Irrigation Method Conventional (Furrow Irrigation)

7 Proposed Irrigation Method Furrow & Flood Irrigation

8 Soil Type Clay loam

EFFECT OF GROUND WATER TABLE (H) ON DISCHARGE AT CONSTANT POWER

Head Power2KW 3KW 4KW

H1 (25 ft) 14 17 22.667

H2 (45 ft) 10 14 17.667

H3 (65 ft) 7.333 9.667 14

Discharge in LPS

Discharge and Head

Relationship of Discharge with Duration

Relationship of Discharge with Duration

Discharge Difference among different districts

SUMMARY

The increasing fuel prices day by day and depletion of fossil fuelreserves is making a question mark on the reliability of dieseloperated water pumping systems.

The shortfall of electricity in Pakistan and the decreasing capacity ofcurrent water storage reservoirs is also an alarming sign which forcesthe farmers to look for alternatives of the conventional water pumpingoptions.

The sun shine hours are abundant enough throughout the year inPakistan; therefore, solar water pumping is a reliable option for remoteareas.

The 1.8 KW solar water pumping system is adequate for generating anoptimum flow rate for 3-4 acre and will be more effective if use withdrip irrigation

Thanks

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOLAR WATER PUMP DISCHARGE EFFICIENCY AT VARIABLE HEADS UNDER DIFFERENT WEATHER CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF SOLAR RADIATION INTRODUCTION PROSPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN PAKISTAN PROSPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY IN PAKISTANIMPORTANCE OF SOLAR WATER PUMPINGJUSTIFICATIONSlide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15BORING FOR SOLAR WATER PUMPFOUNDATION FOR STANDSSlide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21PILOT TESTING OF SOLAR WATER PUMPSPROJECT DIGEST PROJECT OBJECTIVESPROJECT OBJECTIVESPROJECT COMPONENTSSlide Number 27SELECTION CRITERIABASIC INFORMATION OF SITE AT SHEIKHUPURAEFFECT OF GROUND WATER TABLE (H) ON DISCHARGE AT CONSTANT POWERDischarge and HeadRelationship of Discharge with DurationRelationship of Discharge with DurationDischarge Difference among different districtsSUMMARYSlide Number 36