solar highway lighting

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SOLAR HIGHWAY LIGHTING WITH AUTO TURN OFF ON DAY TIME PRESENTED BY :- B.Prapul (12c01a0205) Ch.Rakesh (12c01a0211) Ch.Sahithi (12c01a0213) K.Rithvik (12c01a0227) T.Priyanka (12c01a0242) Under the guidance of :- K. Sreepal reddy. M.TECH SCIENT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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SOLAR HIGHWAY LIGHTING Presentation

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Page 1: Solar Highway Lighting

SOLAR HIGHWAY LIGHTING WITH

AUTO TURN OFF ON DAY TIME

PRESENTED BY :-

B.Prapul (12c01a0205)Ch.Rakesh (12c01a0211)Ch.Sahithi (12c01a0213)K.Rithvik (12c01a0227)T.Priyanka (12c01a0242)

Under the guidance of :- K. Sreepal reddy. M.TECH

SCIENT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Page 2: Solar Highway Lighting

Contents :-

•Abstract•Introduction•Automatic street light control•Block Diagram•Individual Block Diagram Explanation•Conclusion

Page 3: Solar Highway Lighting

OBJECTIVE:-The Main Aim Of This Project Is:- The main aim of the project is Automatic street power saving system with LDR, this is to save the power. We want to save power automatically instead of doing manual.

Page 4: Solar Highway Lighting

INTRODUCTION:-Solar Energy:-

• The Sun is 93 million miles away. A tiny fraction of the Sun’s energy hits the Earth

is enough to meet all our power needs many times over. In fact, every minute, enough energy arrives at the Earth to meet our whole demands for a year.

• We call the energy from the sun, as solar energy.

Page 5: Solar Highway Lighting

• Just the tiny fraction of the Sun’s energy hits the Earth.

• Solar energy is transmitted to the earth in the form of radiant energy.

• In addition to providing the energy that sustains the world, solar energy is stored in fossil fuels and biomass, and is responsible for powering the water cycle and producing wind.

Page 6: Solar Highway Lighting

Solar Radiation:-

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•Solar energy is radiation produced by nuclear fusion inside the sun’s core. It takes 8 minutes to travel 93 million miles to earth. (186,000 miles per second)

•Even though the Sun provides enough energy arriving at the Earth to meet our demands for a whole year, this energy is spread all over the surface of the earth, and therefore require a large area to collect a useful amount.

Page 8: Solar Highway Lighting

Automatic Street Light Control

System:-

•This project aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights with light depending resistor

•Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch off the lights wherever not necessary. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights.

Page 9: Solar Highway Lighting

• The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads

• But the actual timings for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness. With this, the power will be wasted up to some extent.

• This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated.

Page 10: Solar Highway Lighting

Block Diagram:-

Solar panel

LDRAmplifie

rSwitch

Street Light

Page 11: Solar Highway Lighting

Solar Panel:-•A panel designed to absorb the sun's rays

as a source of energy for generating electricity or heating.

•Solar panels are devices that convert light into electricity. They are called "solar" panels because most of the time, the most powerful source of light available is the Sun, called Sol by astronomers. Some scientists call them photovoltaics which means, basically, "light-electricity. A solar panel is a collection of solar cells.

Page 12: Solar Highway Lighting

Photovoltaics (PV):-•Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight

directly into electricity, and are potentially one of the most useful of the renewable energy technologies.

•The photovoltaic cell is the basic building block of a PV system.

•Individual cells can vary in sizes from about 1cm to about 10 cm across.

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•The first PV cells were converting light to electricity at 1 to 2 percent efficiency.

•Today’s PV devices convert up to 17 percent of the radiant energy that strikes them into electric energy.

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PV System Components:-

Page 15: Solar Highway Lighting

•Solar PV SystemSolar cells produce direct current (DC), therefore they are only used for DC equipments. If alternating current (AC) is needed for AC equipments or backup energy is needed, solar photovoltaic systems require other components in addition to solar modules. The components of a solar photovoltaic system are:

1. Solar Module is the essential component of any solar PV system that converts sunlight directly into DC electricity.

Page 16: Solar Highway Lighting

2. Solar Charge Controller regulates voltage and current from solar arrays, charges the battery, prevents battery from overcharging and also performs controlled over discharges.

3. Battery stores current electricity that produces from solar arrays for using when sunlight is not visible, nighttime or other purposes.

4. Inverter is a critical component of any solar PV system that converts DC power output of solar arrays into AC for AC appliances.

Page 17: Solar Highway Lighting

•One PV cell only produces 1 or 2 watts of electricity, which isn't enough power for most applications.

•To Increase power groups of solar cells are electrically connected and packaged into packaged weather-tight modules and arrays to provide useful output voltages and currents to provide a specific power output.

•A PV System typically consists of 3 basic components.

Page 18: Solar Highway Lighting

•PV cells - Electricity is generated by PV cells, the smallest unit of a PV system.

•Modules - PV cells are wired together to form modules which are usually a sealed, or encapsulated, unit of convenient size for handling.

•Arrays – Groups of panels make up an array.

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Light Dependent Resistor(LDR):-

Page 22: Solar Highway Lighting

•A light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance changes with the intensity of incident light.

•A LDR is made up of high resistance semiconductor

•Resistance of LDR decreases with increase in intensity of light and vice-versa.

•Light sensitive material is arranged in the form of a long strip, zig-zagged across a disc shaped base with protective sides.

Page 23: Solar Highway Lighting

•For additional protection, a glass or plastic cover may be included the two ends of the strip are brought out to connecting pins below the base as shown in fig.

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•These devices depend on the light, when light falls on the LDR then the resistance decreases, and increases in the dark.

• When a LDR is kept in the dark place, its resistance is high and, when the LDR is kept in the light its resistance will decrease.

•Hence, LDR is used in applications where human vision is a factor such as streetlight control.

Page 25: Solar Highway Lighting

Amplifier:-• The main aim of the amplifier is it increases the

output voltage.

• It does this by taking energy from a power supply and controlling the output to match the input signal shape but with a larger amplitude

• There are three types of Amplifiers they are:A. Common Base.B. Common Collector.C. Common Emitter.

Page 26: Solar Highway Lighting

•Compared in this three types of amplifier mostly Common emitter is prefered.

•It transists the input voltage to High (required) output voltage and that device is known as amplifier.

Page 27: Solar Highway Lighting

TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH:-•Bipolar transistor has three regions of

operation:a) The cut-off regionb) The Linear or Active regionc) Saturation region

• When using the bipolar transistor as a switch they must be either fully-OFF or fully-ON. when used as a switch, the bipolar transistor is operated in the cut-off region.

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•Transistors that are fully ON are said to be in their saturation region and transistor that are fully OFF are said to be in their Cut-off region.

•Transistor switches can be used to switch and control lamps relays or even motors.

Page 29: Solar Highway Lighting

STREET LIGHT:-•Streetlight is the output of the circuit. In

this circuit, it has been replaced by LED.

•Light-emitting diodes are element for light signalization in electronics.

•The basic principal behind the working of LED is electroluminescence.

•The Light emitting diode should be forward biased to get the light.

Page 30: Solar Highway Lighting

•The main advantages of LED over other light sources is its increased efficiency.

•LED’S are available in red, orange, yellow, green, blue and white. Blue and white LED’s are much more expensive than the other colours.

Page 31: Solar Highway Lighting

Conclusion:-

By employing this circuit, energy consumption can be reduced considerably as the light switches ON or OFF automatically in appropriate time. Moreover , error which occur due to manual operation also can be eliminated completely. The Automatic street light controller unit fabrication is cost-effective with good sensitivity and construction of the circuit is also simple so that it can be done easily.

Page 32: Solar Highway Lighting