solar impulse hb sia

Presented By:

DY COMDT AS TANWAR

SOLAR IMPULSE

HB SIA

2 SOLAR IMPULSE HB SIA

CONTENTS


Introduction to Renewable EnergyTypes of Renewable Energy

Solar Energy

Its applications and limitations

Solar PanelConstruction and working principle

Solar Impulse HB-SIAHistory of solar planes

Solar Impulse HB SIA

Technical specification

Solar Impulse design

References

A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource

that cannot be re-made or re-grown at a scale

comparable to its consumption.

NON-RENEWABLE

RESOURCES

4SOLAR IMPULSE HB SIA

RENEWABLE

RESOURCES

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished in a short period of time.


SOLAR

Energy from

the sun.


GEOTHERMAL

Energy from

Earth’s heat.


WIND

Energy from the wind.


BIOMASS

Energy from

burning

organic or

living matter.


WATER or HYDROELECTRIC

Energy from the

flow of water.


WAVE ENERGY

Energy from the

flow of wave.


TIDE POWER

Energy from the flow of tide.


SOLAR ENERGY


•Earth receives approx 174 petawatts of

energy from sun

•50% of which is absorb by earth

•The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's

atmosphere, oceans and land masses is

approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per

year

On sunny day, the sun's rays give off approximately 1,000 watts of energy per square metre of the earth’s surface.


CONTD…

CONTD…

Solar technologies are broadly characterized

depending on the way they capture, convert, and

distribute sunlight.

a. Active solar techniques

b. Passive solar techniques


APPLICATIONS OF

SOLAR ENERGY

AGRICULTURE AND

HORTICULTURE


WATER HEATING

SOLAR WATER DISINFECTION

(SODIS)

CONTD…


Solar Power

LIMITATION OF

SOLAR ENERGY

• The initial cost is high

• Solar panels require quite a large area for installation to

achieve a good level of efficiency

• The efficiency of the system also relies on the location of

the sun

• The production of solar energy is influenced by the

presence of clouds or pollution in the air

• No solar energy will be produced during nighttime

• As far as solar powered vehicles go - their slower speed


SOLAR CELL

• A Solar cell, or photovoltaic

cell (PV), is a device that

converts light into electric

current using

the photoelectric effect.

• The photoelectric

effect: emission, or ejection,

of electrons from the surface

of a metal or non metal in

response to incident

electromagnetic radiation.


CONSTRUCTION OF

PV CELL

Photovoltaic cells are made of special materials

called semiconductors such as silicon


CONTD…


LOSSES IN

PV CELL

• Electromagnetic radiation is not monochromatic

• band gap energy of a material

• power is voltage times current (P = V x I).

• The optimal band gap, balancing these two

effects, is around 1.4 eV for a cell made from a

single material.

• opaque contacts on upper surface.


HOW TO STORE

EXCESS POWER?

Water Electrolyzer


Pumped-storage

hydroelectricity

CONTD…

Secondary cell


SOLAR PLANES

A solar plane is an aircraft that runs on

electric motors rather than internal

combustion engines, with electricity

coming from solar cells or batteries in

absence of sun light


HISTORY

Sunrise I – launched on November 4, 1974

– Wingspan - 9.76 m

– Weight - 12.25 Kg

– Power out- 450 W

– No of Solar cells- 4096

– Unmanned flight

– Developed by R.J. Boucher from Astro Flight Inc.

Gossamer Penguin – Launched on August 7,1980

– Developed at a NASA research centre

– Solar and man powered flight

– Manned flight 26 SOLAR IMPULSE HB SIA

CONTD…

Solar Challenger – Launched on July 7, 1981

– Wingspan – 14.2 m

– No. of solar cell- 16128

– Power out- 2500 W

– Developed by MacCready's DuPont

– crossed the English Channel in 5 hours and 23 minutes.

– No energy storage system onboard

Pathfinder– Launched on September 11, 1995

– Wingspan – 30 m

– Altitude – 21,802 m

– Unmanned flight


CONTD…

Helios

– Launched July 26,2003 NASA's

hydrogen-air fuel cell "eternal" flyer,

– an altitude record of 96,863 ft.

for non-rocket powered aircraft,

– crashes into the Pacific 30 minutes into a flight due to structure

failures

Global Observer

– Launched on May 27, 2005

– Wingspan -50 feets

– flies on liquid hydrogen;

– Aim to cruise the globe using solar power.


CONTD…

SoLong– Launched on June 3, 2005

– 15.6-ft. radio-controlled plane

– developed by AC Propulsion

– Wingspan- 4.75 m

– Weight- 11.5 Kg

Solar Impulse – launched on 26 June 2009

– wingspan - 63.4 m

– Loaded weight: 1600 kg

– Endurance: 36 hours

– Solar cells: 11,628 monocrystaline silicon

– Manned flight


SOLAR IMPULSE

• Solar Impulse is a solar plane intended to run solely on solar energy.

• The €70m project is being promoted by Swiss balloonist BertrandPiccard.

• A project feasibility study was carried out by the ÉcolePolytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland in 2003

• The four main partners are Deutsche Bank, Omega SA, Solvay,and Schindler. Other partners include Bayer Material Science, Altranand Swisscom.

• The EPFL, the European Space Agency (ESA) andDassault provide additional technical expertise


CONTD…

• The first prototype of the aircraft, HB-SIA, was unveiled on 26 June

2009.

• The aircraft, bearing the Swiss aircraft registration code of HB-SIA,

• It is a single-seater, capable of taking off under its own power, and

intended to remain airborne up to 36 hours.


SOLAR IMPULSE TIMELINE

• Achieved timeline

(i) 2003: Feasibility study at EPFL

(ii) 2004–2005: Development of the concept

(iii) 2006: Simulation of long-haul flights

(iv) 2006–09: First prototype (HB-SIA)

(v) 2009: First flight of prototype

(vi) 2009–11: Manned test flights with prototype

(vii) 2011: Build of second prototype (HB-SIB)

• Planned timeline

(i) 2011–12: Test flights for (HB-SIB)

(ii) 2012: Lasting days missions and crossing of the Atlantic Ocean

(iii) 2013: Attempt of world tour in several stages, essentially in the north hemisphere


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS


CONTD…

Crew : 1

Length : 21.85 m

Wingspan : 63.4 m

Height : 6.40 m

Wing area : 11,628 photovoltaic cells: 200 m2

Loaded weight : 1600 kg

Max. takeoff weight : 2000 kg

Power plant : 4 electric motors, 7.5 kW (10 HP) each

Take-off speed : 35 kilometres per hour


CONTD…

Cruise speed : 70 kilometres per hour

Endurance : 36 hours (projected)

Service ceiling : 8,500 m (27,900 ft) with a

maximum altitude of 12,000 m

Outside

temperatures : + 80 C to -60 C

Solar cells : 11,628 monocrystaline silicon

Batteries : Lithium, weight of 450 kg,

battery capacities: 200 Wh/kg


AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

• Airframe

• Controls

• Electronics Onboard

• Power generation and storage

• Power plant


AIRFRAME

• The wing and stabilizers

spars are made of a

sandwich structure

• The honeycomb structure is

a paper structure

impregnated with a

Torlon®AI10 polymer by a

dipping process

• This complex composite

structure combines excellent

mechanical properties

(strength, torsion, flexion,

vibration) with an incredibly

light weight


CONTD…

• Composite carbon-fibre materials

used to make the aircraft light

• The upper surface of the wings is

layered with encapsulated solar

cells

• There are 120 carbon-fibre ribs

placed at 50cm intervals

throughout the frame. which

provide the aircraft with an

aerodynamic shape

• The cockpit of the Solar Impulse

airplane is lightweight, stable and

providing optimal insulating values

against the freezing outside

temperatures high up in the air38 SOLAR IMPULSE HB SIA

CONTROLS

• Ailerons and rudder controls are made with

manual control mechanism to reduces overall

weight and power consumption

• Aircraft controls consist of joystick, which

operates the elevator and ailerons, the rudder

bar(pedals) which controls the rudder and four

engine power control levers


ELECTRONICS ONBOARD

• The HB-SIA carries electronics flight information

system(EFIS) to fly for long periods

• Three main functions are

– to convey the power supplied by the solar generator

to the engines and the batteries

– to communicate the necessary information to the pilot

for controlling the airplane

– to provide real-time information to the Mission team

which is following the aircraft’s flight path and

behaviour from the ground


CONTD…

• Power management computer controls entire solar cells,

batteries, engine chain, speedometer, compass

• Omega Instrument, its primary function is to inform the

pilot to within an accuracy of one degree of the bank

angle of the aircraft, which must be kept below 5 for

reasons of controllability

• Ultralight (max. 5 kilograms) and use very little electricity

(max. 50 watts)

• The external cameras and transmitters withstand

extreme fluctuations in temperature: between +80 C and

-40 C


CONTD…


POWER GENERATION AND

STORAGE

• The aircraft receives 1,000W/m2

• Over the day it averages at 250W

• Total 200m² of photovoltaic cells

• 12% total efficiency of the propulsion chain

• 11,628 ultra-thin monocrystalline silicon cells

150 micron thickness and layered on the upper surfaces of

the wings and horizontal stabiliser

• MPPTs optimises power production and regulates

battery charging


POWER PLANT

• HB-SIA has four propeller engines

• Powered by 100kg lithium batteries

• The twin-blade propellers have a 3.5m diameter.

• Maximum power of 10hp

• The rotation speed of propeller - 200rpm and

4,000rpm


CONTD…


SIMILAR WORK : SolarEagle

• SolarEagle is a solar/electric-powered high altitude long

endurance unmanned aerial vehicle system that can

provide persistent intelligence, surveillance,

reconnaissance (ISR) and communications

• Designed with highly efficient electrical motors and

propellers

• High-aspect-ratio wing spanning more than 400 feet

• To stay aloft for up to five years at altitudes above

60,000 feet


CONCLUSION

• HB-SIA became the first solar-powered

airplane in history capable of flying

through a complete daylight cycle

• Solar airplanes are unlikely ever to carry

300 passengers, but it is a symbol that

affects all of us


REFERENCES

1. http://www.ifpaenergyconference.com/Renewable-Energy.html

2. http://www.asl.ethz.ch/research/asl/skysailor/History_of_Solar_Flight.pdf

3. http://www.solarimpulse.com/

4. http://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.in/2011/06/solar-impulse-flight-to-le-bourget.html

5. http://www.solarimpulse.com/hb_sbi_en.pdf

6. http://www.asl.ethz.ch/research/asl/skysailor/History_of_Solar_Flight.pdf

7. http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/solarcells/

8. http://solar-impulse.epfl.ch/page-57187-en.html

9. http://www.swisscom.ch/en/ghq/responsibility/partners/Solar_Impulse.html

10. http://www.solvay.com/EN/About/SolarImpulse/SolvaymaterialsinSolarImpulse.aspx

11. http://www.omegawatches.com/spirit/pioneering/solar-impulse/omega-contributions

12. http://www.banking-on-green.com/en/content/solar_impulse/

deutsche_bank_and_solar_impulse_3662.html

13. HP Garg and J Prakash, Solar Energy Fundamentals and Applications, Tata McGraw

Hill, New Delhi, 1997



All that is impossible remains to be achieved

solar impulse hb sia

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