Solar local and global magnetismnew challenge for long-lasting synoptic observations.

(Topic 1. New and continuing scientific questions)

A.Kučera, P. GömöryAstronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences,

SK-05690 Tatranská Lomnica, Slovakia

ABSTRACT:

Open questions on local and global solar magnetism are summarized concerning a design of a new generation of solar synoptic telescopes.

Do we need long lasting polarimetric observations with synoptic facilities?

If yes, what concept of synoptic telescopes we need to keep sufficient spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions and measure full stokes parameters?

1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany

1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany

Open questions on local and global solar magnetism

Topic 1. New and continuing scientific questions.

1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany

1. The solar neutrino problem2. Structure of the solar interior (helioseismology)

3. The solar magnetic field (dynamo, solar cycle, corona)4. Hydrodynamics of coronal loops5. MHD oscillations and waves (coronal seismology)6. The coronal heating problem7. Self-organized criticality (from nanoflares to giant flares)8. Magnetic reconnection processes9. Particle acceleration processes10. Coronal mass ejections and coronal dimming

Topic 1. New and continuing scientific questions.

Open questions on local and global solar magnetism

magnetism mostly globaltheory?magnetism local and globalmagnetism local and globalmagnetism localmagnetism localmagnetism local and globalmagnetism global

Simply say local = High-resolution telescopes = NO long lasting continuous observationsglobal = synoptic telescopes = YES long lasting continuous observations

Synoptic observations A)science data for solution of some open questions, solar cycle, magnetism, irradiance variability, events statistics, cycle and hemisphere anomalies...

B) context data for High-resolution telescopes to help to solve some open questions

Open questions on local and global solar magnetism

1st SPRING Workshop, November 26 – 28, 2013, Titisee, Germany

Topic 1. New and continuing scientific questions.

Design of a new generation of solar synoptic telescopes.

For What?

For A) science data for solution of some open questions, For B) context data for new generation of High-resolution telescopes (4m –class)For C) also context data for actual High-resolution telescopes (1-2 m –class)For D) both – science and context data

According the answer, we can set the Science requirements on the synoptic telescope(s)

and vice versa

According the Science requirements we can set the Design requirements on the synoptic telescopes

Because of crucial role of the magnetism in the open questions of solar physics, the new generationof Synoptic telescope(s) (beside many other observational capabilities)

Should have highly efficient vector magnetometer

either as SOLIS (scanning)or better a multiple stage tunable Lyot filter with polarimeter with ferro-liquid crystal polarizers (as a CoMP, CHROMAG, SCD...)

and open question remains if it should be abble co cover coronal region

Do we need long lasting polarimetric observations ?

Open questions:

1)Aperture of the synoptic telescope.

We have synoptic telescopes 25-50 cm for high-resolution telescopes of 70-160 cm

What aperture is optimal for new generation of synoptic telescopes (60, 70 cm ?) for new generation of high-resolution telescopes ( 4m class)

The answer will set also other parameters, spatial resolution, temporal resolution (especially for full disk vector magnetograms)flexibility and number of spectral ranges and lines (shorter exposure – faster tunning) ...

1)DetectorsLarge cameras – huge amount of data – handling efficiency – archives - accessibility.

Topic 1. New and continuing scientific questions.

What concept of synoptic telescopes we need?

Conclusion

„Magnetism is now known to be the key to most unsolved problems in solar physics, including the 11-year activity cycle, chromospheric and coronal heating, flares, coronal mass ejections, and space weather.

Even though more than a century has passed since the discovery of magnetism in the solar atmosphere (discovery by Hale in 1908 that sunspots are associated with strong magnetic fields), these measurements remain difficult“.

Alfred G. de Wijn „Measuring Solar Magnetism“

Science 26 October 2012: Vol. 338 no. 6106 pp. 476-477DOI: 10.1126/science.1226336