Babakin Space Center, Space Research Insitute, Makeev Rocket Design Bureau

COSMOS ONE: THE FIRST SOLAR SAIL

a project of

The Planetary Society

with Cosmos Studios

Cosmos 1 – Major Players• The Planetary Society: Louis Friedman -- Project Director• Cosmos Studios: Ann Druyan -- Project Sponsor• The Arts & Entertainment Network – Project Co-sponsor• Babakin Space Center: K. Pichkhadze, V. Kudyrashov – System • Space Research Institute, RAS: V. Linkin, V. Gotlib - Electronics• James Cantrell -- Contract Manager• Greg Delory, UCB -- Data System Manager• Bud Schurmeier -- Review Chair• Malin Space Science Systems – Imaging• Ecliptic Enterprises – Project Operations Support• Launch vehicle: Volna, from the Makeev Rocket Design Bureau• UCB Space Sciences Laboratory – additional ground station • Web Site, Public Relations – Zoomwerks, Warren Betts; and The

Planetary Society staff

The Stories of Cosmos 1

Swords into plowshares

Russian – American friendships

Non-governmental “we make it happen” organization

Cosmos 1 - Goal

• To achieve the first solar sail flight

• All other goals are secondary– Pictures of Sail and Earth from orbit– Technological data – Duration of flight

“We have lingered for too long on the shores of the cosmic ocean; it’s time to set sail for the stars.”

Carl Sagan

Solar SailingWhy?

• Pathway to the Stars

• Interplanetary travel without fuel

• Gossamer technology

COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT

VOLNA LAUNCH VEHICLEVOLNA LAUNCH VEHICLEMakeev Rocket Design Bureau and Russian NavyMakeev Rocket Design Bureau and Russian Navy

LV VOLNA is being developed on the base of SLBM SS-N-18. For providing the

orbital launches the LV is equipped with solid kick-motor. Payload of the LV VOLNA is

accommodated in a protected capsule mounted in the warhead section of the SLBM.

Basic characteristics

Number of stages ………… 3

Launch weight, t …….…… 35.3

Overall dimensions of LV, m:

– length …………………… 14.1

– diameter ………………… 1.8

Launch pad…….…………..submarine

Performance

Launch place Barents Pacific Sea Ocean

Orbital type Circular Circular

Orbital altitude, km 600 900

Inclination, deg 70 – 80 52

Payload mass, kg 50 50

MIRV bus(3-rd stage)

Payload area

2-nd stagefuel tank

2-nd stageoxidizer tank

2-nd stageengine

1-st stageoxidizer tank

1-st stagefuel tank

1-st stageengine

THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS

Loading the Volna on to the Submarine

Borisoglebsk

The Launch

Sub-orbital Flight Result20 July 2001

• Partial success:– New launch team developed– Payload integration and testing,

accommodation– Sail payload development– Babakin adds: “launch from the submarine”

• Partial failure– No deployment test

COSMOS 1: THE FIRST SOLAR SAIL

2002-3 Orbital Mission

Orbital Mission Parameters

• Approximate initial orbit: 800 km circular• Inclination approximately 78 degrees• Ground tracking stations

– Bear’s Lake (S-band), Tarusa (UHF) near Moscow– University of California, Berkeley: S-band– Possibly NOAA in Fairbanks, Alaska

• Mission duration: sufficient to measure orbital energy increase in controlled flight from solar pressure (days); 1 month is design goal

Apogee kick impulse

T = 1153 s

VOLNA launch fromthe KALMAR (DELTA III) type submarine

VOLNA 1-st stage separation

VOLNA 2-ndstage ignition

VOLNA 2-ndstage separation3-rd stage ignition

Pressure reducinginside payloadcompartment 3-rd stage overturn.

Spacecraft separation.T = 378 s

Kick motor and protective cover

separation

Orientation to the Sun

Sail deployment

2-ND LAUNCH – SOLAR SAIL DEMONSTRATION FLIGHT2-ND LAUNCH – SOLAR SAIL DEMONSTRATION FLIGHTLAUNCH AND INJECTION PROFILE

COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT

THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS

Spacecraft spin-up. = 10 rad/s

Spacecraftspin-off

Solar sail operational orbit:

• inclination……………………………. 78.6°

• perigee altitude……………………. 832 km

• apogee altitude…………………….. 840 km

• orbital period……………………….. 104 min

Time of existence in the shadow…… 35 min

Insertion duration…………………….. 1168 s

Duration of the in-orbit operation…… 3 months

TPS motor

SOLAR SAIL SPACECRAFT GENERAL VIEWS

COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTTHE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN

SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS

Launch configuration Flight configuration

Apogee solidrocket kick motor

Protective cover

Antennas

Equipment bay

Solar array

Solar sail blades(stowed position)

Sun sensor

Attitude controlthrusters

Cameras

Orbital platform(sail is not shown) Sail deployed configuration

Solar sail blades

SOLAR SAIL SPACECRAFT IN DEVELOPMENT (1)

COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT

THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS

SOLAR SAIL BLADE IN DEVELOPMENT

COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT

THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS

Publicity