solar system chapter 7. 7.1 earth motion and seasons a. earth’s physical data 1. spherical shape...
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SOLAR
SYSTE
M
CHAPTER 7
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7.1 EARTH MOTION AND SEASONS
A. Earth’s Physical Data
1. spherical shape (almost)
2. bulges at equator
3. gravity = 9.8 m/s
4. Table 1 (page 180)
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B. Earth in Motion1. axis- imaginary line drawn from the
north to south pole2. rotation- Earth spinning around on its
axis -causes day and night
3. revolution- Earth traveling around the sun
-elliptical pattern is an orbit-causes seasons-not a whole # of days (365 ¼)
4. tilt- 23.5 degree angle-hemispheres have opposite seasons-regions near equator have equal
hours of day and night all year
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5.Solstice- sun reaches it’s greatest distance north or south of the equator directly over the Tropic of Cancer or Tropic Capricorn
a) Summer Solstice-sun is highest in the sky at noon-longest day of the year for us-June 21st in the N. hemisphere-Dec. 21st in the S. hemisphereb) Winter Solstice-sun is lowest in the sky at noon-shortest day of the year for us-Dec. 21st in the N. hemisphere-June 21st in the S. hemisphere
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6. Equinox- sun is directly over equator
-length of day and night are equal all over the world
a) Spring Equinox-March 21st in the N.
Hemisphereb) Fall Equinox-Sept. 21st in the N.
Hemisphere
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7.2 EARTH’S MOON
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A. Moon’s Surface Features1. Maria- dark colored areas that
look like oceans formed by lava flows
2. Lunar Highlands- higher than the maria
3. Craters- depressions formed from meteorites striking the surface
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B.Layers of the Moon1. Crust2. Rigid Mantle3. Non-rigid Mantle4. Small, dense
core
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C. Motions of the Moon-the moon always keeps
the same side facing the Earth-27.3 days to orbit the
Earth-27.3 days to rotate once
on its axis
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D. MOON PHASES (refer to worksheet)
1. New Moon2. Waxing…grows in
size3. Full Moon4. Waning…decreases
in size
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E. ECLIPSES1.Definition- shadows cast by Earth or the
moon onto each other
-only occur when the sun, moon, and Earth are perfectly lined up
2.Solar Eclipse
-moon blocks sun from reaching a portion of the Earth’s surface
-occurs during a new moon
3.Lunar Eclipse
-Earth blocks sun from reaching the moon
-moon appears deep red
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F. ORIGIN OF THE MOON
1.Co-formation- Earth and Moon formed at the same time from the same material
2.Capture- Earth and moon formed at different locations, then Earth’s gravity captured the moon
3.Fission- moon formed from a large mass of material thrown off of a rapidly spinning Earth
4.Collision- a huge space object collided with Earth, throwing large amounts of gas and debris into orbit around Earth….condensed to form moon
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7.3 OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
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A. SOLAR SYSTEM• Sun
• Planets• Asteroid
s• Comets• Moon• stars
May have formed from a cloud of rotating ice gases and dust calleda “nebula”
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B. ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU)
1. Distance between Earth and Sun
2. Used to measure distances between objects within the solar system
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C. SUN
1.The sun is a star.2.It produces energy by fusing hydrogen into helium in it’s core.
3.It contains more than 99% of all matter in our solar system.
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D. OTHER OBJECTS1.Asteroids- small, rocky objects
that lie in a belt between Mars and Jupiter
2.Comets- made of rock particles and ice
-as they approach the sun, parts of comets vaporize and form tails that point away from the sun
3.Meteoroids- pieces of comets or asteroids that travel through the solar system
a. Meteoroid- rock in spaceb. Meteor- rocks entering Earth’s atmospherec. Meteorites- rocks fall and land
on Earth
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COMET IMAGES
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E. PLANETSMercury - solidVenus - solidEarth - solidMars - solidJupiter - gaseous
Saturn - gaseous
Uranus - gaseous
Neptune - gaseous
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