SOLAR POSITION CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Design and Implementation of technique of maximum power utilization of Solar Panel - G SASHANK (09E51A0210) - K VENKATA SATYANARAYANA (09E51A0216) - B PRASHANTH (09E51A0233) - B HEMANT (09E55A0201)

Internal Guidance : Ms. KalavaniIntroduction The solar position control system is a most advanced embedded based project. Nowadays we are observing much increase in the power tariff and due to this increase, a common man is unable to bear such rates. This project titled as Design and Implementation of technique of maximum power utilization of Solar Panel to develop a system through which we can save the power.

Normally we glance in shopping malls, theaters and House appliances and conference halls and at any other places they are using the source like generators along with the main power supply as a backup, but they are expensive.

Thats why by using the solar power we can generate power economically and this is a natural power so there is no reduction in the source of power production and also no power wastage in this system. In normal solar panel we can get the power only in one direction, so we are unable to fully utilize the natural resource with this system. Thats why a system is being developing through our project which we can get the power in all directions on rotating the panel according to the sun position.

Through this system we can increase the output power than normal system. For this one stepper motor is connected to solar panel. Sun light absorbers (LDRs) are connected in the circuit according to change in position of the sun.

When corresponding LDRs observe the sunlight. The output of LDR is in analog form. Microcontroller accepts only digital form.

In this we are interfacing another A/D Converter device to convert the generated analog signal to digital form and to send it to microcontroller.

Finally all LDRs value is compare and selects the LDR of giving more brightness and stepper motor will turn on and moves the solar panel to the position of the corresponding LDR. By this process we can get the more power.Basic components : Microcontroller

A/D Converters

Many other peripherals like LED, LDRs, relays. MicrocontrollerBasically we use 8051 microcontroller.

The 8051 transfers & receives dataserially at many different baud ratesby using UART.

It works on 5V dc supply.

Amicrocontroller(sometimes abbreviatedC,uCorMCU) is a small computer on a singleintegrated circuitcontaining a processor core memory, and programmable input/outputperipherals.

Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to themicroprocessorsused inpersonal computersor other general purpose applications.

By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Microcontrollers usually contain from several to dozens of general purpose input/output pins (GPIO). GPIO pins are software configurable to either an input or an output state. When GPIO pins are configured to an input state, they are often used to read sensors or external signals.

Configured to the output state, GPIO pins can drive external devices such as LEDs or motors.

Microcontrollers were originally programmed only inassembly language, but varioushigh-level programming languagesare now also in common use to target microcontrollers. A/D ConverterWe use AD 0804 for the conversion of analog to digital.

The ADC0804 are CMOS 8-bit successive approximation A/D converters that use a differential potentiometric ladder.

The ADC0804 are designed to allow operation with TRI-STATE output latches directly driving the data bus. The ADC0804 appear like memory locations or I/O ports to the microprocessor and no interfacing logic is needed.

ADC0804 Features

Compatible with 8080 P derivatives-no interfacing logic needed - access time - 135 ns.Easy interface to all microprocessors, or operates "stand alone"

Differential analog voltage inputsLogic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL voltage level specificationsWorks with 2.5V (LM336) voltage referenceOn-chip clock generator0V to 5V analog input voltage range with single 5V supplyNo zero adjust required0.3[Prime] standard width 20-pin DIP package20-pin molded chip carrier or small outline packageOperates ratio metrically or with 5 VDC, 2.5 VDC, or analog span adjusted voltage reference

Block diagram of regulated power supply

Basically we use serial communication for the data transfer and hence use RS-232 cabling .

LDRs for the rotation of the stepper motor along the direction of the sun.

Many other pheripherals.

Advantages : It is economical and natural power, no power wastage in this system. Solar energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas ,oil and coal )and sustainable, helping to protect our environment. It does not pollute our air and hence does not contribute to global warming, acid rain or smog. It actively contributes to the decrease of harmful green house gas. By not using any fuel, solar energy does not contribute to the cost and problems of the recovery and transportation of fuel or the storage of radioactive waste