Group Members:Anas Rehman (2014-ME-328) M. Bilal Arshad (2014-ME-330)

Umar Qasim (2014-ME-339) Khizar Musharaf (2014-ME-306)

SOLAR WATER DISTILLATOR & PURIFIER

WHAT’S A SOLAR DISTILATOR?

DEFINATION:A device that distils water by first evaporating it and then

condensing it in a separate system by using solar energy.PRINCIPLE: As evaporation occurs at every temperature other then absolute zero

which is up till now not attainable therefore we can say that evaporation occurs at every temperature.

Rate of evaporation depends on the temperature, that is where Mr. Sun our natures quite infinite source of energy comes into action.

WORKING: The Solar energy is used in

evaporating the water vapours.

The water condenses at the glass as glass is a cooler medium.

The water condensed that the glass then slides down and is collected in a container as usable water.

The concentrated brine and impure water then then drained.

DOES IT REALLY PURIFIES WATER?This Process can be said to be exactly like how nature purifies water by evaporating water in seas and then condensing them to rain. The rain cycle is the exact process of what's happening here: The water is first filtered by passing through a cloth. Then it is allowed to evaporate by absorbing heat from the sun. The evaporated water then condensed in an other system by

releasing heat on the condenser. When water evaporates it leaves all the dust, bacteria, salts and

partials behinds and then this pure water partials condense at a separate system hence separating any kind of impurity.

WHY ? WHY A SOLAR DISTILLATOR?

Now a days with oil gasses increasing day by day & our atmosphere messed up by the pollution it causes ,people have taken interest in green energy. We can say that by marketing point of view, Solar products are nowadays everyone’s desire. For example Solar panels, Solar rechargers etc.

In our own country about 44% of people intake impure water every day. Imagine if they could be provided with Pure Water free of cost. If remote areas could make rain water drink able.

That is exactly where a solar distillator fits in.

ACCORDING TO AN ARTICLE BY DAWN NEWS

People in developing countries do not have access to safe drinking water and in Pakistan; the vast majority of the country's 180 million inhabitants do not have access to drinkable water.

According to a report by the Leadership for Environment and Development, by the year 2025, almost 52 nations comprising half the world's population will have a severe shortage of potable water.

In the next 25 years, some 3 billion people will be facing water shortages.

IS IT EFFICIENT?

The efficiency factor can be increased by using deflectors or increasing size. This prototype can provide the daily intake of a person. The health authorities commonly recommend eight 8-ounce glasses, which equals about 2 litters, or half a gallon.

The Efficiency can be easily increased using deflectors rather then increasing the size of the whole system. However for a 2 x 4 of glass we can produce about 4 litters of water. If we increase the size that is 3x8 we can produce 12 litters of water.

WHAT WE DID? We coated the interior of the Purifier with the black silicon to

absorb maximum heat and to make our container water proof . We did a research and found that thin glass is a better condenser

then a thick one. We used Aluminium duct tape to help reduce any kind of leakage . We will place the prototype in a open area as a stiff breeze

increases the efficiency. It helps remove the heat from the glass making it a good condenser.

We used a Parabolic Trough as a deflector choice.

PARABOLIC TROUGHDEFINATION:

A parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal energy collector. It is constructed as a long parabolic mirror (usually coated silver or polished aluminum) with a tube running its length at the focal point. Sunlight is reflected by the mirror and concentrated on the tube.

ALLIGMENT: The trough is usually aligned on a north-south axis, and rotated to track the sun as it moves across the sky each day.

Alternatively the trough can be aligned on an east-west axis, this reduces the overall efficiency of the collector, due to cosine loss, but only requires the trough to be aligned with the change in seasons, avoiding the need for tracking motors, hence, reducing the cost. This tracking method works correctly in spring and in fall seasons.

How Heat is collected:

Heat transfer fluid (usually oil) runs through the tube to absorb the concentrated sunlight. This increases the temperature of the fluid to some 400°C.The process is economical and, for heating the pipe, thermal efficiency ranges from 60-80%.

IT MUST BE COSTLY?Since it is designed from easily available goods like: oWood structureoBlack silicon coating oAluminium duct tapeoDelivery pipes oA thin glass oHot Glue oA piece of cloth at the inlet to filter the water o Finally a hot sunny day .o The parabolic trough is optional.

HOW BIG IS THIS THING?

The Prototype we are design is about 100 x 60 . It is the size of a drawing desk.

CAN IT’S EFFICIENCY BE INCREASED?

o Roughly 1,368 watts of energy in the form of EM radiation from the Sun fall on an area of one square meter. If we are to increase the size of the product the efficiency will increase but with an rapid increase in cost.

o We can increase the efficiency by using solar collectors, they are way cheaper as we are using mirrors to deflect light instead of increasing the whole size of the apparatus.

o One can install the deflector later, whenever he desires to increase the output .