Introduction

Present lithium-ion batteries are mostly based on the

use of LCO/NCM/NCA as active cathode material

and graphite as anode.

Present electrolytes are liquid (lithium salt in organic

solvent mixture).

Use of halogen compounds and interactions of

electrolyte with electrode materials have arised

environmental and safety concern from the battery

use and recycling viewpoint.

Aims

Development of novel concept of sustainable solid-

state lithium-ion battery

Development and optimization of the cathode and

anode materials

Development and improvement of inorganic

electrolytes

Development bio-based ionic-liquid composite

electrolytes and electrolyte additives

New methods for electrode printing and cell

assembly

Overall, the aim is to strengthen universities

competence in the lithium-ion battery value chain

(see Figures 2 and 3).

Conclusions Research aims to assembly a battery prototype with NCM cathode, graphite anode

and inorganic/organic solid electrolyte.

Electrodes and electrolyte are prepared by printing.

References

1. E. Bekaert, L. Buannic, U. Lassi, A. Llordés, J. Salminen, Electrolytes for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries: Concepts, Candidates, and the

Role of Nanotechnology, Springer 2017.

2. J. Liang et al. Energy Storage Mat. 21 (2019) 308-334.

3. J. Dong, M. Hietaniemi, J. Välikangas, T. Hu & U. Lassi, Modified layered oxide cathode materials for LIBs, RSC publication, 2019.

Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge companies for intensive co-operation.

SolBat – Sustainable Solid-State Lithium-ion Batteries

Fig. 1. Operation principle of traditional lithium-ion

battery. [1]

Fig. 4. Solid-state electrolytes in LIBs. [2]

Fig. 2. Battery value chain from battery minerals and chemicals to battery

modules and end use.

Fig. 6. Principle of making printed electrolytes (T. Fabritius).

Project implementation UOulu/Suschem: Preparation of active electrode

materials and cell assembling (Figs 5 and 7)

UOulu/FPE: Preparation of inorganic electrolytes

UOulu/Optoelectronics: Printed electrolytes (Fig 6)

LTU: IL-based composite electrolytes and electrolyte

additives

Co-in cell assembling and battery testing (Fig 8)

Fig. 7. Active anode material for LIBs. [3]

Fig. 5. Active cathode material for LIBs.

Fig. 8. Cell assembling and testing in the

laboratory [3]

Ink/Paste

Anode/CathodeSolvent/binder

Electrolyte

Solvent

removal

Post-

treatment

University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry,

Optoelectronics Research unit, Fibre and Particle Engineering Research unit,

Oulu, Finland

Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden

Fig. 3. SolBat project idea.