SolenoidSolenoidValvesValves

Blake HunsakerBlake HunsakerECE 5320 ECE 5320

Mechatronics Mechatronics Assignment #1Assignment #1

OutlineOutline

• DefinitionDefinition• IntroductionIntroduction• Selecting a Solenoid ValveSelecting a Solenoid Valve• Valve TypesValve Types

– Direct-LiftDirect-Lift– Pilot-OperatedPilot-Operated– Proportioning ValveProportioning Valve

• Ratings for Solenoid ValvesRatings for Solenoid Valves• Valve Porting OptionsValve Porting Options• Final Considerations in Valve SelectionFinal Considerations in Valve Selection• ReferencesReferences• To Explore FurtherTo Explore Further

DefinitionDefinition

• A valve is a mechanical device for A valve is a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid or a controlling the flow of a fluid or a substance.substance.

• A solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes A solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes magnetized when electricity is run through magnetized when electricity is run through it.it.

Introduction:Introduction:

• Solenoid valves use electricity to open and close Solenoid valves use electricity to open and close an orifice in the valve body, allowing or an orifice in the valve body, allowing or preventing the flow of a given medium. preventing the flow of a given medium.

• This type of valve is opened and closed by a This type of valve is opened and closed by a plunger that is raised and lowered by the plunger that is raised and lowered by the energizing and de-energizing of a solenoid.energizing and de-energizing of a solenoid.

• A solenoid valve uses a solenoid to actuate a A solenoid valve uses a solenoid to actuate a valve. This lets you control the flow of water, air, valve. This lets you control the flow of water, air, or other substances with electricity. or other substances with electricity.

Magnetic effect of electric Magnetic effect of electric energyenergy

The possibility to convert electric energy in magnetic field energy is found in solenoid valves.

http://www.eduvinet.de/servitec/elekeep3.htm

Selecting a Solenoid ValveSelecting a Solenoid Valve(Slide A)(Slide A)

• Valve type (two-, three- or four-way)Valve type (two-, three- or four-way)• VoltageVoltage• PressurePressure• Medium handledMedium handled• Materials (stainless steel, brass, plastic or other Materials (stainless steel, brass, plastic or other

material)material)• Port size fluid connectionPort size fluid connection• De-energized position (normally open or closed, ect.)De-energized position (normally open or closed, ect.)• Ambient conditionsAmbient conditions• Approval(s) required (UL, CSA, FM, CENELEC)Approval(s) required (UL, CSA, FM, CENELEC)

Selecting a Solenoid ValveSelecting a Solenoid Valve(Slide B)(Slide B)

• Coil/connection typeCoil/connection type

• Current draw limitationsCurrent draw limitations

• Duty cycle (continuous or intermittent)Duty cycle (continuous or intermittent)

• Electrical enclosure typeElectrical enclosure type

• Life expectancy (minimum expected cycles per year)Life expectancy (minimum expected cycles per year)

• Maximum and minimum operating pressure Maximum and minimum operating pressure differentialsdifferentials

• Orifice diameterOrifice diameter

• Allowable internal leakageAllowable internal leakage

• Ratings (NEMA 4, 7, 9, etc.)Ratings (NEMA 4, 7, 9, etc.)

Valve TypesValve Types

• Popular types of on/off solenoid Popular types of on/off solenoid valves:valves:

– Direct-Lift Direct-Lift

– Pilot-OperatedPilot-Operated

– Proportioning Valve Proportioning Valve

Direct-LiftDirect-Lift

• A direct-lift solenoid valve A direct-lift solenoid valve has a plunger that opens has a plunger that opens or closes the valve. or closes the valve.

• Direct-lift solenoid valves Direct-lift solenoid valves usually have low flow rates usually have low flow rates and high differential and high differential pressure drops. pressure drops.

• They normally have a They normally have a quicker response than quicker response than pilot-operated valves.pilot-operated valves.

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Pilot-OperatedPilot-Operated• Pilot-operated solenoid valves use Pilot-operated solenoid valves use

the fluid's own pressure for the fluid's own pressure for actuation. actuation.

• The valves are either piston or The valves are either piston or diaphragm types and usually diaphragm types and usually require a differential pressure to require a differential pressure to keep the valve closed. keep the valve closed.

• Because they do not have a Because they do not have a plunger, pilot-operated solenoid plunger, pilot-operated solenoid valves are normally available in valves are normally available in larger orifice sizes than direct-lift larger orifice sizes than direct-lift valves. valves.

• Pilot-operated solenoid valves have Pilot-operated solenoid valves have quick response time and low cost. quick response time and low cost.

http://www.omega.com/techref/techprinc.html

Proportioning ValveProportioning Valve

• Proportioning valves allow complete and Proportioning valves allow complete and continuous fluid control. continuous fluid control.

• An analog signal is sent to the valve for a An analog signal is sent to the valve for a full range of valve positions.full range of valve positions.

Ratings for Solenoid ValvesRatings for Solenoid Valves

• General service (for working with common fluids).General service (for working with common fluids).

• Cryogenic fluids (for fluids such as liquid oxygen, Cryogenic fluids (for fluids such as liquid oxygen, liquid argon and liquid nitrogen).liquid argon and liquid nitrogen).

• Vacuum (for working in and maintaining vacuum Vacuum (for working in and maintaining vacuum conditions).conditions).

• Oxygen service (designed to provide contamination-Oxygen service (designed to provide contamination-free flow of oxygen).free flow of oxygen).

Valve Porting OptionsValve Porting Options

• Two-way ValvesTwo-way Valves

• Three-way ValvesThree-way Valves

• Four-way ValvesFour-way Valves

• Five-way ValvesFive-way Valves

• Knife Gate ValvesKnife Gate Valves

• Abrasive Service Abrasive Service ValvesValves

• BonnetlessBonnetless

• BonnetedBonneted

• Extended Flange Extended Flange DesignDesign

• Square PortSquare Port

• Rectangular PortRectangular Port

• Thru PortThru Port

Final Considerations in Valve Final Considerations in Valve SelectionSelection

• Valve response timeValve response time• Control fidelity Control fidelity • MaterialMaterial• SizeSize• Temperature/pressure ranges Temperature/pressure ranges • The signal is, for on/off valves, 120VAC, The signal is, for on/off valves, 120VAC,

12VDC or 24VDC12VDC or 24VDC• For a proportioning valve, either a 0–10 V For a proportioning valve, either a 0–10 V

signal or a 4-20mA signal is used.signal or a 4-20mA signal is used.

ReferencesReferences

• www.omega.comwww.omega.com

• www.eduvinet.de/servitec/www.eduvinet.de/servitec/elekeep3.htmelekeep3.htm

• www.chemicalprocessing.comwww.chemicalprocessing.com

• www.theoldbuzzard.comwww.theoldbuzzard.com

To Explore FurtherTo Explore Further

• www.solenoid-valves.netwww.solenoid-valves.net

• www.globalspec.comwww.globalspec.com

THE ENDTHE ENDThank YouThank You