solid waste management - ildex indonesia · 2019-09-30 · separation food waste paper and...
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Solid Waste ManagementTo w a r d s G r e e n M o v e m e n t
Arief Sabdo Yuwono
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering – IPB University
1
news.liputan6.com
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Solid Waste Mngmt. (Act No. 32/2009, Art. 1)
2
Management
Reduction Storage Collection Transportation Use Treatment Piling
A small part
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Legal Basis
Article 20
Act No.18/2008
Solid Waste Management
Waste Reduction
Waste generation restriction
Recycle
Reuse; Recovery
3
“Being and Knowing”
How about it in Ind.?
Implication
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Introduction
Municipal solid wastes (MSW)
generation
To solve the problem
Idea to solve ? Many !
Talking ? Easy !
Theory ? Expert !
Implemented ?
“Not yet ....” NATO.
4
news.liputan6.com
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Introduction: Basic Question
Hv U been separating solid wastes ?
Not separated basic problem
Waste generation:
Much higher
Env. Problems: Disgusting/dirty, diseases,
budget, etc.
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Introduction:Primitive way to manage MSW
6
www.republika.co.idCiliwung - Bukit Duri
Reducing solid waste at home: Just throw it away
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Introduction7
Cheerful: No feeling guilty? Pabuaran, Bojong Gede
sangkarang.wordpress.com poskotanews.com
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“Throwing waste away in river: Penalty Rp. 50 M”
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http://bogor.net/2015/09/buang-sampah-ke-sungai-didenda-50-juta-rupiah.html
Enforced ?
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Different way to manage ....9
Ordinary people ASY Family
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Aesthetics ... 10
Society ASY: Do it and teach it !
Waste generation:• Not treated at source• Transported to transfer sta. Classical problem.
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The funny one11
Not smart untill adult To be smart: The right way
surabayaecoschool.tunashijau.org hijihawu.wordpress.com
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Waste Separation Hierarchy12
Simple theory
Much benefit
Difficult to implement
Why ?
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Stay
Working
Live
...
Healthy?
TPA Galuga, Bogor (Final Disposal Site)
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Close to heavy equip.
Danger
Must
Why ?
TPA Galuga, Bogor
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Solid waste (Antwerpen) Energy
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4 milionWatt
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Municipal Solid Waste Electricity (Bekasi + Bantar Gebang)
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MSWConvert: Methane (CH4) Electricity
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MSW Treatment Waste Reduction17
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Volume reduction: Incineration18
https://www.ivago.be/over-ivago/verbranding/werking
Chemical oxidation at high T, where organic material is converted into energy (heat), flue gas and slag.
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Volume reduction: Incineration19
Incineration Plant (Ivago) Control room
Combustion chamber monitorHow about
incinerator of DKI Jkt ?
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Simple illustration: Bonn20
Yard waste collection Furniture: Clean only within some hours (!)
Weighing record proof Packaging put out transported
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Separation, Storage and Transport21
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Separation
Source (household, industry, ...)
Transfer station
Final destination (TPA).
Eliminates the need for expensive & difficult manual and/or mechanical sorting.
22
Separation at: Separation at source
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Separation
Food waste
Paper and cardboard
Plastic
Metal ferrous and non-ferrous
Glass.
Bulky waste (furniture, tyres, etc)
Yard waste
Hazardous household waste.
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Waste that are desirably separated at source:
Waste that can be delivered to drop-off centres:
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Source separation
Community drop-off centres for glass and non-ferrous metals
Skip type containers: clearly labelled
Advertising program: public education.
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Drop-off Centre Example in Gent, Belgium
Enter the gate: Choose the appropriate container
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Civic amenity drop off site25
• People come at this amenity site.
• Choose the right container
• Drop-off !
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Storage and Transport26
Wheeled bin (120 – 390 liter) Wheeled bin ( ~ 1500 liter)
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Sortation and storage Make 3R easier
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Classification:
Transparent
Green
Brown
de.academic.ru
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Transport Recycle28
Collection
Transport
Re-process
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Returnable bottles Proof of deposit 29
Code
https://ethariesta.wordpress.com/2015/02/02/pfandflasche-jangan-dibuang-botolnya/
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Transport Energy Recovery
Hydraulic truck
Compactor
Saving time and energy
Very simple
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MSW Sources and Classification31
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MSW Sources and Classification32
MSW sources MSW classification
http://mytutorial.srtcube.com/solid-waste-management-in-india/environment-science/826-454#7490
Indonesia (2013): Organic 60%
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MSW Classification (UNEP & ISWA 2015)33
http://www.grida.no/resources/5034
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MSW composition34
MSW (point of view)
Most basic arrangement
Organic
Non-organic
Incineration (heating value)
Combustible
Non-combustible
Anaerobic digestion
Food fraction
“Others“
Recover material
Glass
Metals
Plastics
Wood
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CitySolid waste production
m3/day kg/capita/day
Jakarta 24.025 0.66
Bandung 6.862 0.70
Semarang 3.215 0.69
Yogyakarta 1.240 0.78
Padang 1.922 0.90
Makasar 2.424 0.86
Solid Waste Generation (1998)
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Source Separation36
Source separation: kitchen How about your kitchen ?
Trash, plastic, organic, glass, metals, paper
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Storage and Transport
Doorstep collection Regular kerb collection Civic amenity drop-off Haulier for skip
collection of bulky items
Community recycle bins
Vacuum trucks.
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Type of storage Doorstep collection
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MSW Minimisation38
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Waste Minimization
Means: reducing the amount
that is generated at source.
Some sources:
Production units
Food
Household products
Commercial products.
Shopping outlets
Households
Offices, commercial
properties, institutions.
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Examples:
1. In households:
Food waste: minimized
2. Home, office:
Both sides printing.
3. Goods with least
packaging.
Waste Minimization
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Reuse, recycle and recovery41
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Reuse, recycle dan recovery
EU (1992) in 10 years:
90% packaging must be recovered
60% recycled
Denmark (currently):
Not to allow any organic/combustible waste to its urban landfills.
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Some Popular Recycle Streams
1. Aluminum cans
2. Paper and cardboard
3. Glass
4. Plastics
5. Yard waste
6. Organic food fraction
7. Miscellaneous items.
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Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
Recover as much reusable waste materials as possible
Including paper, cardboard, glass, metals, aluminum cans, plastics, etc.
2 formal design of MRF: MRF for source
separated materials
MRF for unseparated (commingled) MSW.
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Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
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MRF for electronic wastes Storage of recovery process
Big business !
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Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
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Electronic wastes Recycle & Recovery
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Waste to Energy (Antwerpen)
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Electricity generator Developer
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Utilizes:
A variety of technologies to treat and dispose waste.
Integrated Waste Management48
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Waste to Energy Plant (Jakarta)
Capacity 2200 tons/day 250 million US$ Babcock & Wilcock
Volund Tech. (Denmark) Time frame:
Ground breaking: 20 Dec. 2018
Ready: 2022.
Incinerator 1000°C Electrical energy 35 MW
per hour. Flue Gas Treatment
(FGT) ≅ Euro 5.
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Sunter Waste to Eenergy FacilityDrawing by: Babcock & Wilcox Volund
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Sunter Waste to Energy Plant (Jakarta)50
ITF Sunter, Jakarta ITF Sunter, Jakarta
https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2019/07/04/10540471/5-kecanggihan-itf-sunter-tempat-pengolahan-sampah-yang-akan-dimiliki?page=all
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Case study:
The Yuwono Family
We are not only talking about,
Instead, we are active to implement
the governmental regulation.
Household Scale51
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Household MSW separation: Easy and simple to implement at home !
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Solid wastes
Organic Compost
Inorganic #1 Scavenger
Inorganic #2Transfer Sta.
(TPS)
Plastics Fuel
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composting: Decomposition agents53
Decomposition agents
Larva BSF
Earth worms
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Treatment of Solid Organic Waste by Using Maggot (Larvae) of Black Soldier Fly (BSF)
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Maggot BSF Black Soldier Fly (BSF)
[Youtube ][Priscilia & Yuwono, 2018]
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Composting of household solid wastes
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Household solid wastes:
Daily input [4 persons]
2-3 months later (depends on prod. rate):
Compost ready to use
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Cacing kompos56
Lumbricus rubellus Eisenia fetida (Red Wiggler)
Eisenia hortensis
Perionyx excavatus (Indian Blue)
Eudrilus eugeniae (African Nightcrawler)
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Compost from household organic wastes
Composting bin Raw material
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No entry for
rat & cat
No odour
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Compost from household organic wastes
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Wire mesh: 1 cm
Open lid Aerobic
Drain: 1“
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Household scale composting process: Benefit
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No Aspect Qty. Unit Remark
1 Inhabitants 4 capita -
2 Volume of solid waste generation 3.1 kg/day Standard 0.765 kg/cap./day
3 Organic fraction 75 % -
4 Composting time 2 Month Process of stabile compost
5 Volume of composting bin 273 Litre L=70cm; W=60cm; H=65cm
6 Volume of raw material 218 Litre 80% bin volume
7Volume of coarse compost (40% of initial
volume)
87 Litre ρ = 0.25 kg/litre
22 Kg/month ρ = 0.5 kg/litre
8 Ready compost (uniform; ready to use) 13 Kg/month 60% mass of coarse compost
9 Benefit 19,500 Rp./month Price = Rp.1500/kg
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Household Solid Waste Recycle
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Compost for these plants originated from our organic solid waste !
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Household Solid Waste Recycle
Compost for these plants originated from our organic solid waste !
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‘Go Green’ ala ARIEF SABDO YUWONO
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“Go Green”
Solid waste
Inorganic
3 RPlastic Fuel
Organic
Compost
Rain water
Irrigation
Energy
Sun light
House
Green Building
Fuel
Pertamax
Everyone
can do it.
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Our latest product (Agst.-Sep. 2019)63
From solid waste Plastic treatment: Pyrolisis
Product from our solid waste:• Compost• Larva BSF• Fish pellet.
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The End – Thank You
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