SomaliaSomalia

Presented by Presented by Jennifer FeeceJennifer Feece

Sara Winninger-LopezSara Winninger-LopezSadia HumayounSadia HumayounAndrea HansonAndrea Hanson

GeographyGeography

Located in Africa

Borders Ethiopia and Kenya

Africa’s 18th largest country

Area of Texas

2nd longest coast

Tropical/Subtropical Climate

Capital: Mogadishu

Wars and TakeoversWars and Takeovers

1800: Omani East African Empire1800: Omani East African Empire1888: British Somaliland1888: British Somaliland1950: Italian Somaliland1950: Italian Somaliland1960: Independence1960: Independence1969: Coup by Major General Mohammed Siad Barre1969: Coup by Major General Mohammed Siad Barre1990: Civil War 1990: Civil War 1992-1993: Famines1992-1993: Famines

Somalia is now without a government.

Refugees in MNRefugees in MNEstimates according to 2000 US Census: Estimates according to 2000 US Census:

US: 22,000US: 22,000MN: 13,000MN: 13,000Minneapolis/St. Paul: 10,800Minneapolis/St. Paul: 10,800Rochester: 1,100Rochester: 1,100

Figures for US, MN, and Minneapolis courtesy of Minnesota Department of Human Rights

Figure for Rochester courtesy of McGill Report

2010 Census projections name Minneapolis/St. Paul as home to the most Somali refugees in the US

Population: 60,000

Rochester Attracting RefugeesRochester Attracting Refugees

Largest refugee surge in Rochester since Hmongs (1970s)Largest refugee surge in Rochester since Hmongs (1970s)

US: Accepts more refugees than any other developed nation

MN: Church charities, social services, stable job market

Rochester: Money Magazine’s “Most Livable Cities”

ValuesValues

Somali values are similar to American valuesSomali values are similar to American values

Independence, democracy, and egalitarianismIndependence, democracy, and egalitarianism

Somalis see humor in situations and laugh at themselvesSomalis see humor in situations and laugh at themselvesKnown for ability to adjust to new situations because Known for ability to adjust to new situations because

they often go abroad for work and studythey often go abroad for work and study

Somalis deeply value familySomalis deeply value family

Loyalty is importantLoyalty is important

Social StructureSocial StructureBelong to clans and sub-clans Belong to clans and sub-clans

No government currently because of the war No government currently because of the war Dictatorship prior to the warDictatorship prior to the war

Mostly polygamous households Mostly polygamous households One fifth of families are monogamousOne fifth of families are monogamous

Marriages are arranged by parentsMarriages are arranged by parents

Gender RolesGender Roles

Women have more freedom than most Muslim womenWomen have more freedom than most Muslim women

Must remain a virgin until marriageMust remain a virgin until marriage

Female circumcision is performed on 98% of girls Female circumcision is performed on 98% of girls between the ages of 8 and 10between the ages of 8 and 10

Education Education

Before the colonial era – Koranic schoolsBefore the colonial era – Koranic schoolsAfter the colonial era – Western-style educationAfter the colonial era – Western-style educationAfter 1970 – education became compulsory After 1970 – education became compulsory

Somali became the mandated language Somali became the mandated language 1980s – less than 10% in secondary schools1980s – less than 10% in secondary schoolsCurrently – secondary education is importantCurrently – secondary education is importantCivil War – destroyed most of Somalia’s Civil War – destroyed most of Somalia’s

educational institutions and many left the countryeducational institutions and many left the country

ReligionReligion

Sunni MuslimsSunni Muslims

Islam is the principal faithIslam is the principal faith

CommunicationCommunication

Official Language: SomaliOfficial Language: Somali

Other common languages: Arabic, English, and Italian Other common languages: Arabic, English, and Italian

Verbal communication is very importantVerbal communication is very importantAccording to the US Department of State, 37.8% of According to the US Department of State, 37.8% of the population is able to read and write. the population is able to read and write.

Religions Affect on CommunicationReligions Affect on CommunicationIslam is the most prevalent religion in SomaliaIslam is the most prevalent religion in Somalia

Muslim teachings and principles merged into all Muslim teachings and principles merged into all areas of lifeareas of life

Assalamu Alaikum, “peace be with you”, is the Assalamu Alaikum, “peace be with you”, is the most common greeting in Somaliamost common greeting in Somalia

Islamic teachings also impact how Somalia’s people Islamic teachings also impact how Somalia’s people communicate with each other. communicate with each other.

Addressing Different PeopleAddressing Different PeopleBetween those of the same genderBetween those of the same gender

HugsHugs HandshakesHandshakesEye contact Eye contact Close proximity Close proximity

Between those of different gendersBetween those of different gendersAvoid eye contact Avoid eye contact

Last names rarely usedLast names rarely usedNicknames often used casually and in businessNicknames often used casually and in businessFirst name or first three names commonly used First name or first three names commonly used

Common Words in SomaliCommon Words in Somali

Hello Hello nabad miiya (na-bat MEE-ya)nabad miiya (na-bat MEE-ya)

Good-byeGood-bye nabad geylyo (na-bat GEL-yo)nabad geylyo (na-bat GEL-yo)

Thank YouThank You mahadsanid (ma-HAD-sa-nit)mahadsanid (ma-HAD-sa-nit)

OneOne kow (KO)kow (KO)

TwoTwo laba (LA-ba)laba (LA-ba)

ThreeThree saddeh (SAD-ech)saddeh (SAD-ech)

Somali CuisineSomali Cuisine

HalaalHalaal

Customs: Customs: men are served firstmen are served first food eaten with fingers (right hand only)food eaten with fingers (right hand only) no cooking or eating on the streetsno cooking or eating on the streets meals are eaten sitting on the floormeals are eaten sitting on the floor Alhamdu Lilaahi, gratitude to Allah (God)Alhamdu Lilaahi, gratitude to Allah (God)

Somali CuisineSomali CuisineMost popular dishes:

Muufo, a flat bread made from ground corn flourCambuuloMutton & goat meatFahfah, stewSambuuse

Drinks: milk tea, coffee, and water

ActivitiesActivities

Book ResourcesBook Resources

““Somalia” Elma SchemenauerSomalia” Elma Schemenauer““Somalia” LeeAnne GelletlySomalia” LeeAnne Gelletly““Somalia” Salome C. NnoromeleSomalia” Salome C. Nnoromele““Cultures of the World: Somalia” Hassif/LatigCultures of the World: Somalia” Hassif/Latig““Culture and Customs of Somalia” Culture and Customs of Somalia”

Mohamed Diriye AbdullahiMohamed Diriye Abdullahi

Web ResourcesWeb Resources

http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554555/Somalia.htmlhttp://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554555/Somalia.html

http://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_culture.htmlhttp://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_culture.html

http://www.cscmn.org/http://www.cscmn.org/

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/call/call_93-1_chp5.htmhttp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/call/call_93-1_chp5.htm

http://www.somaliculture.net/index.htmlhttp://www.somaliculture.net/index.html

http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&Subjehttp://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&Subje

ctID=2ctID=2

http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Somalia.htmlhttp://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Somalia.html

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<http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&SubjectID=2>.<http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues-en.asp?lvl=8&ISO=SO&SubjectID=2>.“Somalia Facts and Figures.” Photo. “Somalia Facts and Figures.” Photo. 2008. 8 Sept 2008 2008. 8 Sept 2008 <http://encarta.msn.com/fact_631504862/Somalia_Facts_and_Figures.html>.<http://encarta.msn.com/fact_631504862/Somalia_Facts_and_Figures.html>.

““The Country and People of Somalia.” The Country and People of Somalia.” Arab CountriesArab Countries. 17 June 2007. 18 Sept 2008 . 17 June 2007. 18 Sept 2008 <http://www.hejleh.com/countries/somalia.html>.<http://www.hejleh.com/countries/somalia.html>.

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<http://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_history_facts.html>.<http://www.humanrights.state.mn.us/somali_history_facts.html>.United States. United States Census. United States. United States Census. 2010 Census Recruitment2010 Census Recruitment. 2008. 13 Sept 2008 . 2008. 13 Sept 2008

<http://www.census.gov/procur/www/2010mediabuys/sow-kansas-city.pdf>.<http://www.census.gov/procur/www/2010mediabuys/sow-kansas-city.pdf>.War Destroys, Peace Nurtures. Ford, Richard; Adam, Hussein; Adan Ismail, Edna. Red Sea Press. New Jersey. 2004War Destroys, Peace Nurtures. Ford, Richard; Adam, Hussein; Adan Ismail, Edna. Red Sea Press. New Jersey. 2004 “ “Working to help refugees, stop starvation in Somalia.” Photo. 2008. 13 Sept 2008 Working to help refugees, stop starvation in Somalia.” Photo. 2008. 13 Sept 2008

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