some considerations on music

7/28/2019 Some Considerations on Music

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Some considerations on music

fr. Dan Bdulescu

People can be very different by nations, period, the economic, social, cultural, financial,climate, etc. But all share in common a sense of music. This is a language that man has it asconstitutive in his nature from the beginning, as it is the proper language (the words). In addition to thisthere is the affective, aesthetic component own musical art, which increases its attraction power andinfluence over the souls of men.

The beginning of music is at God, the angels in heaven, singinghymns of praise to God: "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts, the

whole earth is full of His glory!" (Isaiah 6:3) and sang in choirs at thecreation of the visible world (Job 38:4-7). How sounded this celestialmusic and with what tones remains of course a mystery that does notmake sense to sift it1. St. Gregory of Nazianzus said in this regard:"There was then a unitary state as a chorus of rational nature, angelicand human, who was looking at the unique mastermind who led thechoir to choir and harmony given by Him." So we'll deal with thatmusic commonly known: human music. How and when did thisoccurred is still shrouded in mystery, for which documents could helpus in this regard? Needful to address us here as in other fields to the

divine revelation contained in Sacred Tradition, from which a value and a special place is the Holy

Scripture

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. We shall start from the statement that music emerged as being from the beginning amelody3, namely "a sung speech" used by the first humans, Adam and Eve, and their descendants. Of

1 In any case not as presented in this "hoax": Angels in Mt. Athos sing Divine Liturgy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEAgEJqsp0o There were by no means angelic voices, but a rough spell: a

song of a Greek Psalter D. Sourlantzis Triadi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_response at a higher speed and a willful distortion effect or not. Warning:Orthodoxy end does not justify the means (quote actually starts from the Jesuits and call it: the purpose sanctifiesthe means. But this is not at all true!)2 As is customary the dogmatic manuals list two sources: Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition. We believe thisdivision as scholastic and harmful rather than helpful. More useful is to consider a whole (without falling into

the pantheistic monism of course holism new age type or postmodern cultural grid), the Holy Scripture is animportant moment. Dualism scripture- tradition was a source of major conflicts in the West, being resolvedincorrectly as Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.3 In this respect there were also the materialistic evolutionary theory that at the origin of music would be the

rhythm, (Hans von Bllow: An Anfang war der Rithmus), the semi-animal primitive people (pithecanthropes,synanthropics, Australo-pitecs) hitting sticks, bones or stones. Obviously they, according to the same theory,have acquired the human language after the developments of hundreds of thousands of years. We firmly rejectthis hypothesis which contradicts the revelation, and can not be even proven empirically or experimentally.

However that may be, under no circumstances we shall not receive the atheistic evolutionary hypothesis of theorigin of music as they are presented in music history courses:

"The origin of music lies in a very distant past, in the opinion of the French musicologist J. Chailley,music numbering about 40,000 years. Regarding how music arose, opinions are divided as the origin of many

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzushttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEAgEJqsp0ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEAgEJqsp0o%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_responsehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_responsehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_response%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_response%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_response%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEAgEJqsp0ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEAgEJqsp0o%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_responsehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_response%20http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N01uDWa_1DI&feature=watch_response%20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus


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course we can not bring irrefutable scientificevidence and archaeological (we are still in therealm of faith), but only Scripture-based inferences.

ComposerR. Wagner4 joined the opinionthat: "...the assumption that the first language of

people must have had a strong resemblance to thesong would probably have to look ridiculous."5 Andif to Wagner someone would might challenge the authority on theological, due to the dubiousorientation in this area, we will witness a musician and Orthodox: Wagner's contemporary, AntonPann6, who stated: "We know that music is in world in the same time with the flesh creatures. It is thevery voice and the word which God breathed into man because the whole and every voice and everyword is a natural melody and therefore all the speaker is musician, who from the starting of the organand the air hitting through the throat and nostrils rings the voice with climbings and downings andforms the word stronger or slower, angry or crying, according to the feeling and passion of his body.

A musician careful pondering that the song is only a crying-speech with which someonedescribes the spiritual and bodily passions, and so the source and formation of music must have been toAdam, the first man who, after being banished from his mistake from Heaven had enough material forcrying-speech (maybe) and described the expulsion mourning in front of his children andgrandchildren."

After the expulsion from Heaven it continues with two branches: that of Seth (sons of God)blessed, and that of Cain the freemasons claimed to be their forefather7. In the Old Testament we findthe first mention of music in Chapter 4 of the Book of Genesis. After Cain committed fratricide, hefounded a lineage that continued and expanded his sins. Among his descendants we find the inventor ofmusical instruments: "And Adah bare Jubal... he was the father of all such as handle the harp andorgan." (4:20-21) As we see here both instruments have a common origin. The difference is that hewho accompanies with guitar (stringed instruments) can play voice simultaneously, while windinstruments exclude this possibility. Cain's line will give rise to idolatry, magic, witchcraft, heresy andslips into the mundane. In the time of the son of Seth, Enos, "men began to call upon the name of theLord" (Genesis 4:26). This passage indicates the setting of the liturgical worship in which it wassinging - say in the form of liturgical recitative, were chanted hymns to the glory of God.

Arriving in Greek antiquity, from classical rhetoric of the 4th century BC we meet the science of"beautiful reading and speech," the eloquence, a natural passage from the speech singed to a moreprominent melody. In the eastern area, the Syrians, Persians and Jews, the Ekphonetic singing(ekfonesis = high or loud voice reading, recitation, term introduced in 1885 by the Greek scientist L.Tzetzes) was characteristic of religious services. Liturgical recitative was a natural organic unity ofword and tone.

researchers dealing with them... When homo faber began to made tools, they constituted another source ofsounds taken from man to intercede and musical expression. Tools have sound palette, for stones, polished or

not, struck one another, as pieces of wood, they provided the first percussion instruments. Cane stalks, devoid ofmarrow bones or animal horns are the first wind instruments, while the bow strings have suggested plucked

stringed instruments. The actual tympanum has its origins in animal hides, drying on tree hollows. From thismultitude of sounds, which were at first only means of signaling, the man has chosen different chaining capableof externalizing feelings and thoughts. "4Pilgrims Chorus (Wagner)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDcY0LuSWU&feature=related

5An End in Paris http://users.belgacom.net/wagnerlibrary/prose/wagendpa.htm

6http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvq6AeJLiJE&feature=related7 Genesis 4:17: and he (Cain) builded a city... Francmaon fr., freemason engl.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Pannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Pannhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Byzantine_Chanthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDcY0LuSWU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDcY0LuSWU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDcY0LuSWU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDcY0LuSWU&feature=relatedhttp://users.belgacom.net/wagnerlibrary/prose/wagendpa.htmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvq6AeJLiJE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvq6AeJLiJE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDcY0LuSWU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDcY0LuSWU&feature=relatedhttp://users.belgacom.net/wagnerlibrary/prose/wagendpa.htmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvq6AeJLiJE&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Pannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Pannhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Byzantine_Chant


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In addition to its worship functions, music proves also itstherapeutic action. In the Book of I Samuel we see King Saultormented by the evil spirit with terrible headaches (I Samuel 16:14-23). The only remedy was the calling of the shepherd David whoplayed the harp masterly and thus relieved the pain king possessed.

Although David was a shepherd noticed that instrument was the harp

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and not the flute of the shepherd, thus resembling the ThracianOrpheus.

This had consequences later when David became king andprophet and made immortals psalms hymns accompanied on harp andother instruments (trumpet, psaltery, harp,

cymbals, drums) depending on the circumstances. In Book II Samuel Daviddefeated the Philistines and Canaanites and then returns the stolen ark (IISamuel 6:15). The joy of victory was manifested in song and dance.

The first important concern of establishing some moral and politicalmusical benchmarks is found in Plato (427-347 BC) in his dialogue TheState (The Republic). In this ideal utopian society music play a first classrole in the education and behavior of citizens. This topic is treated in theform of dialogue between Socrates and the music teacher Glaucon. ForSocrates the social importance of the choice of music was decisive: "Whenmodes of music change, the basic laws of the state change with them." Hestates that certain musical modes should be banned, thus institutingcensorship (currently only theoretical).

The same concept is encountered during the Renaissance in the following reaction of a RomanCatholic bishop, the Bishop Bernardo Cirillo in a letter in 1549: "To the ancient people music was themost beautiful of the arts. They created through it powerful effects which we today can not produce norby rhetoric or oratory to move through the emotions and passions of the soul. I am listening to music ofour time which, as far as some say, was brought to a degree of refinement and perfection never knownbefore...

nowadays they have put all the craft and effort to compose imitativepassages, so a voice says "Sanctus", another says "gloria Tua" with howls,screams and noises, so they rather resemble cats in January than theflowers of May9."But not only Plato, but the whole ancient Greek society saw music also inthe meaning of "psyhagogia" the guiding of souls: "good music makesthe best soul, bad music can corrupt. It can lead a soul in an ethos andtherefore they distinguished between good and bad music demanding thatgood music is protected by law."Plato's student, Aristotle (384-322 BC) also wrote a political treatisedealing with policy issues and music education in which he criticise his

master on several points. Thus, he is for accepting or tolerating the modes that can produce thecatharsis, the purification of souls. Aristotle divided the modes in ethical, practical and enthusiastic.

8 On you tube there are several attempts of some Hebrew musicians to reconstruct David's harp sound. This is of

course extremely difficult to verify due to the age, but can somehow be an example of such guidance TheBiblical Lyre of the Ancient Hebrews https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=related9 Aldo Manuzio,Lettere volgari di diversi nobilissimi huomini, Libro 3, Venice, 1564, in The History of WesternMusic, p. 200

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-hWbR68pEw&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle


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"The ethical modes influence the entire ethos of man either by equipping him with stability ethics (suchas Dorian mode) or actually destroying him (mixolidian and Ionian), and the practical modes awake inman "specific acts of will" and the enthusiastic ones bring the man from the normal condition toecstasy and causes a emotional discharge."

Viewed from the Christian perspective ofSt. Clement of Alexandria, these modes do not havethe same consistency attributed in antiquity, they are no longer needed in the Church: "the new song

(shall not use) neither Trepandros rhythm, nor that of Capiton, nor the Phrygian mode nor the Lydianmode, or that of dorid." It is necessary to mention here that to these authors the mode was not only thescale, the tones schematic enumeration. Besides this an even greater importance was the ethos of themode, the impression ("the tone makes the music") accomplished, the specific cadences, interpretation,character. This is the explanation of the name by region and ethnicity that used them, putting the localcharacter into them.

In this regard it is worth remembering theancient musical myth of the contest between of Apolloand Marsyas. The god was playing the lyre in the Dorianmode and the man was playing the flute in the sonoritiesof lascivious Phrygian mode. Apollo was triumphantand the bold Marsyas was skinned alive. Theeducational message of the myth is itself telling.

The Latin authors too have dealt with thecatharsis problem: "(the music) produce a catharsisbecause in the delight of its sound (per dulcisonasvoluptates) awakens the sleeping souls, frees man frompassions and inspires worthy feelings... purify morals...

Thanks to the music we think just, talk nicely and move properly."10

These high moral and aesthetic concepts have been perfected in the Christian spirit by the HolyFathers: "Nothing purifies the soul, does not give him wings, do not pluck from the earth, do not issuethe bonds of the flesh, did not inspire Divine wisdom, does not make him to despise the low things,such as the music and the measured accents of a divine song."11

The musical creation is bound to faith and is determined (whether and how unconsciously) to it.Therefore we can see for example that the German Baroque is a reflection of the eighteenth centuryProtestantism, it is even audible expression of its contents. This can be traced in painting, sculpture andarchitecture, which reflects those concepts visually.

Musical Myths: Ulysses and the sirens. The rat catcher of Hamelin.

10 Cassiodorus,Miscellaneous Writings II, Letter 40, P.L. 69, c 57111 St. John Chrysostom, Homily on Psalm XLI, 1 Migne, P.G. 55, 156

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandriahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRFOrduD3rk&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandriahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRFOrduD3rk&feature=related


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Ancient pagan civilizationshad, regarding music, both practicalconcerns by interpretive nature as aphilosophical-mythological and moralpart. Thus in the pagan Greek musicwas closely related to literature - poetry, drama - and

dance. From Pythagoras there was a "music of thespheres", a philosophical- mathematical speculation. Sincehim it was developed a musical and mathematical theory of great importance for further development.In Plato's dialogue State are described in detail specific the modes that are recommended in the idealstate or not. Here is a link to Greek mythology, mythology being that obscured area of naturalrevelation where real spiritual elements are mixed with human fantasies.

Among the musical myths and legends of ancient and medieval we will retain the well-knownmyth of Ulysses and the sirens, myth which depicts the magic power of music to attract people,especially young people. On the way home after the exhausting Trojan War, the Greek hero Ulysseshad to go to sea near the island of the dangerous sirens. They were known that by their attractive songthey charmed the sailors and break their ships and drown them. The human bones scattered on theshore testified the cruelty of the sirens. Ulysses knew from the witch Circe that no man, however itwould have been warned, could not resist their song. So he put wax in the ears of the sailors and theytied him to the mast, without wax stoppers for he still wanted to hear this song. The temptationcuriosity was strong, but the wise Ulysses has provision to command his men to disobey him if he willask to be freed from bonds. Indeed, the sirens haunt Ulysses with their song, they sing about the warand his heroic exploits and Ulysses struggles screaming to be released.

Another example of the magical power of music on young people is presented us by the storyof the 1284 German flutist wizard of Hamelin. Hereis the short subject: the residents of the little burgHamelin of riverside Wesen are invaded by the ratsand have no other choice but to turn to a strangeflute player that he can escape the pain. This oneagrees against considerable amount of 1,000guilders, and, indeed, at the magical sounds of theflute the rats are leaving the burg and drown in theriver. The joy is great, but once out of trouble, thebourgeois are bargaining and just do not want to paythe full amount as was agreed from the beginningand drive the flautist away. This one weaves a bitterrevenge: in June 27 when the bourgeois weregathered in church to celebrate the Saints John the

Baptist and Paul, the magic sounds of the flute gather now the children of the burg who disappear.Crushed by misfortune, the residents are ready for any sacrifice for the liberation of children, but toolate. The moral of this story is a pressing current: children and young people today are drawnirresistibly by rock sounds all variants. Hence the big draw lessons namely music spellbound - howdoes it sound? - repulsive, horrible, cacophonous? Of course not, but rather, artistic, aesthetic,appealing and misleading.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_universalis


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Many people defend their favorite tunesusing that hedonistic aesthetic principlethen what is pleasant and good. Englishesthete John Ruskin (1819-1900) gavethem the following reply: "theoretic, asopposed to aesthetic enables a vision

of the beautiful as intimating a realitydeeper than the everyday, at least in terms of the kind of transcendencegenerally seen as immanent in things of this world"12 The ancient author Athenaidos pointed out that"the purpose of music is not pleasure, but service of virtue." Over many centuries later the greatcomposerJ.S. Bach gave a definition that clarified the esthetic aspect: "Music is to the glory of Godand to the delight of people," so that we can only agree.

The explanation of the dichotomy of good and truth stems from the fact that at the end ofcreation God saw that things were "very good" (Genesis, 1:31). In the original of the Septuagint here

was used the word , which primarily means "beautiful". So these traits: good, beautiful, logical

and true, were united and undivided (without confusion and blending) in that heavenly state. After the

fall into sin, death came into creation i.e. separation

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: of man from God, the soul from the body, theelements that make up the body, the categories listed above. And then it is possible that autonomyabout which we talked earlier, thus continually must be pursued unification into Truth, i.e. of Christ.

From the Christian point of view we know that the devil can appear as an angel of light (IICorinthians 11:14), which means that he can sing angelically. He always presents first sin as pleasant,easy, attractive, beautiful and logical. This can only be illusory in the recalling of the old times when hewas really an angel of light and divine beauty which have lost by pride becoming a dark devil.

The music of man and the weakening of the religious sentiment

John Ruskin, a name in art history of the 19 th century, defined his attitude in relation to aesthetic

objects. But we think that "theory" is present in man from the beginning - as to the angels in aconstitutive and necessary mode, and not as an added bonus that would bring some gain.We mind also the opinion of the orthodoxy of the father parent teacher I.D. Petrescu who says

in the address to the Deacon teacher G. Panru in the preface ofIasi Gospel Lectionary: "the habit tolook after the beautiful at all times - which when helped by a special organ causes usually a disaster shall be set aside."

TheCouncil of Trent (1545-1563) gave a canon related to the character of music used in missa:"...the whole plan of singing in musical modes consist not only to please the ear, but in a way thatwords are clearly understood by all, and thus the listeners should be attracted into desiring heavenlyharmonies in contemplation of the blessed joys... Thats why those songs containing lascivious andunclean things will be expelled from the church." 14

In the Western Christianity for a thousand years ago broke in the seeds of heresies such as thefilioque and others studied by the symbolic dogmatic theology. As consequence, on the realm of musicwere born deviations, even in the church and in worship. These decreases are offset from Gregorianmusic15canons that were - except for modes and cadences - the same as in the east: strict vocal monodywithout instruments. In the eighth century the Western church has opened the unfortunate door to cultic

12 See more inLectures on Art, Delivered before the University of OxfordinHilary Term, 187013 Following the work of the devil, whose name comes from the Greek = separation, division14 A. TheinerActa... Concilii tridentium... 2 (1874); 12215http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ruskinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bachhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Septuaginthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trenthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HEKhr002Tshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HEKhr002Tshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ruskinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bachhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Septuaginthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chanthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HEKhr002Tshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HEKhr002Ts


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innovations that have crushed her and caused many schisms and heresieslater. After the twelfth century vocal polyphony appears and gradually theorgan is introduced in support of the choir. In 1600, the orchestra hasintervened in the Roman Catholic Church, thus being achieved a baroquemissa with solo arias, choruses and orchestra.

It is true that the emergence of the oratorio in the seventeenth

century due to G. Carissimi fit the current Catholic Counter-Reformation,so somehow a "right wing", which took measures to crack down on the Protestant march. The oratoriomusic was opposed to Lutheran hymns and Calvinistic psalms which had by their musical, linguisticand dogmatic accessibility great outlet for the faithful. From the eighteenth century we can not speak ofa Christian music in West, but at the most a religious one, which in terms of spiritual belief reflects alessening, a decadence. This religious music, as the art and religion in general, is characterized by thesubjective, personal approach to the religious themes, treated outside the canons and dogma. Religiousconcerts, motets, cantatas and missas, oratorios, and the later requiems fall here, also the Pietist andthen sectarian songs from the Protestant space that characterize their worship even today. This practicecan already be seen in the fourth century, as reported by W. Fleming inArts and Ideas.

Christian Worship Music course continued until today in the Roman Catholic Church.

Secularization and the autonomy of music

The emergence of the organ and of the vocal polyphony in and the Roman Catholic Church, the

emergence ofopera in the early seventeenth century, and then of the Baroque, can be considered asreference points on the route to the secularization of music. Now the culture is separated from cult,culture is becoming increasingly secular, profane, pagan farthest from God, in the West appeared akind of cultural-religious fault: north, Protestantism and capitalism - south Catholicism and feudalism.This observation certainly applies to specific musical forms of the "cultivated" baroque music. Herefall the fugue16, concerto grosso17, sonata18, and then the so-called classical music of the Enlightenmentwith its forms, symphony19 and instrumental concert. Next century brings the romanticism, the nationalbourgeois-democratic revolutions, the emergence of the socialist and communist leftist movements.Culture on glide decadent, the Eastern Orthodox doors open in 1848 and goes to its secularization:romanticism20, capitalism, modern state, etc. This leads to a more or less intensive decristiniasation ofall European states.

Historian P. P. Negulescu analyzed in his study The destiny ofmankind: "...the objective causes of intellectual anarchy and moral decadence:the democracy, the Declaration of Human Rights of 1789 which through itsexciting action arouses ambition, stimulate energies, contribute greatly to thegrowth and reproduction of crime and immorality crimes. The exodus ofvillagers to the city, which corrupts and swallow from them all that is good,the vagrancy of people without wealth and trade, of which are recruited withintheir most delinquents and criminals, the freedom of press and publicationsthat market pornographic and detective novels full of suggestions and details

16J.S. Bach G minor fugue (the great) BWV 542/2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6clTa8_QYQE&feature=related17Arcangelo Corelli, Concerto Grosso op. VI, n.4 (parte 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVM9MpCu_Jc18Scarlatti - Sonata D minor K32 (aria) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WW_GIjJcqU&feature=related19Toscanini - Beethoven Symphony No.9 (1/7) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt7pPKXDhPc20Valentina Lisitsa Chopin Etude Op 10 No.3 HQhttp://www.youtube.com/user/ValentinaLisitsa#p/u/109/mpiJbQvBP8A

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxc32jYACRghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoriohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2SqLh0QSqk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4blEJy_gxLA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_kVeA1YGVY&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerto_grossohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphonyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4UYX-Zp4sYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4UYX-Zp4sYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6clTa8_QYQE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6clTa8_QYQE&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcangelo_Corellihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVM9MpCu_Jchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WW_GIjJcqU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt7pPKXDhPchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpiJbQvBP8A&feature=channel_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/user/ValentinaLisitsa%23p/u/109/mpiJbQvBP8Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxc32jYACRghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratoriohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2SqLh0QSqk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6clTa8_QYQE&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6clTa8_QYQE&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcangelo_Corellihttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVM9MpCu_Jchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WW_GIjJcqU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt7pPKXDhPchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpiJbQvBP8A&feature=channel_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/user/ValentinaLisitsa%23p/u/109/mpiJbQvBP8Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4blEJy_gxLA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_kVeA1YGVY&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerto_grossohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphonyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4UYX-Zp4sYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen


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of sensational crime; demoralizing cinemas, the political, economic and moral liberalism, theparliamentarian elections, advertising, competition, fraud and other American standards etc." Thesewill lead to occult Theosophy in theNew Age, the Aquarian movement will deny the whole period ofcivilization and culture - 2160 years of the Pisces21. The movement is radical and goes againstOrthodoxy, Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, feudalism, monarchy, republic, Middle Ages, Renaissance,Baroque, Classicism, Romanticism, nationalism, democracy (although the latter now seems to be

supported) capitalism, socialism, communism. There is of course a music too that can fit in the new-age gender, generally focused on meditation, relaxation, ambient.The twentieth century can be divided as follows: in the first half we as cultural expressions the

Impressionism22 emerged in the late nineteenth century, avant-garde23, Futurism24, Expressionism25,atonalism26 - a musical expression of psychoanalysis, dodecaphonism27, Hellenistic synthesis withdecadent Judaism, the appearance of the disc, radio and cinema.

For 30 years we have witnessed the cultural products of 'democracy': music entertainment 28,jazz29, a synthesis of neo-Protestant color elements from the U.S.A., and then rock, a synthesis of blackand white Americans. Meanwhile in South America were tango30, samba and other dances, synthesis ofCatholicism and natural magical practices. In Europe was "easy listening", especially Italian andFrench genre.

In the villages there was always in the shadow a local agrarian subculture31. At first the culturewas intimately linked to civilization - cities, towns - there was the environment in which it was bornand developed, outside the city - so of civilization - were villages or forest. This sub-culture is a naturalplace with a naive character (contemporary naive painting emphasizes precisely this character), ofingenuity, of innocence. It is observed that in the West the term specialty materials subculture has ahorizontal dimension only, as a sector of culture, and no record vertical dimension qualitative typicalitem leveling and relativistic vision of post-modernism. Originally subculture is also a culture of alower level. We will see how in the twentieth century the industrial-urban subculture is required

21 According to the sun's course in the zodiac, it goes through a sign over 2160 years, while the position of thesunrise can be seen in the east to the vernal equinox. This walk is retrograde, so after completing the course in

Pisces follows the Aquarius. To these astronomical objective facts were added occult astrological mythology,after which the signs become "era" and acquire cultural, ideological and even spiritual traits. Thus, the Pisces erawould be the period of Christianity, absolutist religions, contrary polarity and religious, political and economicconflicts. After it (thus Christianity too!) shall be exceeded, it will follow the new age of Aquarius, of universal

reconciliation and harmony. They are nothing more than flights of fancy, both theologically untenable asscientific, but, unfortunately, have a great outlet among some secular people (descristianised) and mostlyrepaganised.22Debussy: L'aprs-midi d'un faune (Stokowski) part 1/2http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5A4CkUAazI23H. Cowell - Aeolian Harp (1923) - Franco Meoli.wmvhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEb8aoW8W-s&feature=related24Novachord and Theremin duet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVfhzLl5C9U&feature=related

25

Rudolf Nureyev Pierrot Lunaire http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdRRgP29tfc&feature=related26Alban Berg: Wozzeck - Act 1 - Scene 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCa7QG2oVf0&feature=related27

Dodecaphonic Canon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYAdl_A7lzo&feature=related28http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9Y4OenTHqo&feature=related

29Louis Armstrong- When The Saints Go Marching In

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDA&feature=related30Tango Argentino: La Cumparsita - Tito Schipa, 1930http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wm7wYiNt48k31http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/subculture

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Agehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUL_5ltUFykhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-gardehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atonalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-tone_techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy_listeninghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-DVi0ugelchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7q35mHkuok&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5A4CkUAazIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5A4CkUAazIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEb8aoW8W-s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEb8aoW8W-s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVfhzLl5C9U&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdRRgP29tfc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCa7QG2oVf0&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYAdl_A7lzo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9Y4OenTHqo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Louis_Armstrong?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wm7wYiNt48khttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/subculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Agehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUL_5ltUFykhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5A4CkUAazIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEb8aoW8W-s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEb8aoW8W-s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVfhzLl5C9U&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdRRgP29tfc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCa7QG2oVf0&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYAdl_A7lzo&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-gardehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atonalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-tone_techniquehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9Y4OenTHqo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Louis_Armstrong?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyLjbMBpGDA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wm7wYiNt48khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy_listeninghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-DVi0ugelchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7q35mHkuok&feature=relatedhttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/subculture


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smashing on the expense of the fallen culture and increasingly weakened worship and working negativeto the removing of the people from God any longer than made the culture.

The expression of the American interwar period

The "new world" means lands which were among the last inhabited, a Japhetic branch camefrom the North and East Asia they will be the "Indians"32 and Eskimos later, in Central America and

then in Peru were formed the Aztec, Maya and Inca empires, having a fairly advanced culture andcivilization. Civilization and culture go hand in hand - where there is no civilization there is onlysubculture - wild, barbaric, naturism we avoid saying primitivism. (This condition can be correctedonly with Christian worship, such as happened to us and in Eastern Europe, where, despite a lessdeveloped civilization, through the work of orthodoxy existed - and still exists today! - a spiritual levelmuch higher than that of the civilized peoples). Who were the ones who discovered and civilized thenew world among the Europeans? Spanish and Portuguese adventurers, criminals, then later a wave ofAnglo-Saxon, Dutch, Swiss sectarians: Huterits, Baptists, Anabaptists, Quakers, Presbyterians - mostof them driven from their countries on religious grounds. To these were added economic migrants fromIreland, Italy, Sweden, Greece and other countries. A group inspired and supported by the FrenchRevolution take the political and financial power and form the U.S. In the south is noted the presenceof numerous African slaves brought in mines and plantations to replace the native Indians who refusedthe work and were decimated in time. The Indian empires are totally destroyed with all theircivilizations and prairies nomads are gradually displaced and isolated on reservations, few of them areassimilating. Since the early twentieth century U.S. is the target of immigrants from all over the world,generates a new Tower of Babel of nations (ethnic groups) with their respective subcultures. Thereforewe can call without reluctance North America as a subcultural33country, for U.S. had not in their briefexistence for 200 years reached an American tradition and culture, but a civilization and a subculture(the synthesis of several subcultures).

"Culture, wrote ProfessorCrainic, in the glorious and noble senseof European tradition, is impossible to develop in a world without spiritualtraditions, where the skyscraper takes the place of the Gothic cathedral, orthe Italic dome, where cinema and theater take place of painting, wherejazz take place of music, where ledger substitute philosophy, where speedtakes the place of contemplation and poetry, and where the historical sectstake the place of Christianity and gangsterism the place of the morals."

Southern plantation blacks came from different parts of Africa withtheir subcultures, religions and music. With time, they were baptized byvarious local denominations. Musically, here are born the blues and rag-time. The African roots of jazz are beyond any doubt, anyone else does notcontest. Also the fact that this music is based on rhythm, that rhythm of the dance. About this writes the

32 There are several theories that describe the Native American and Eskimo Inuit ancestors route across Siberia,and then arriving in Alaska on the extent of dry ice that connected the two continents. From there followed a

gradual spread to the center and South America. Without being able to be sure exactly how happened things, webelieve that this hypothesis fits the biblical revelation which tells us that humanity has its appearance andirradiation center in Mesopotamia, and after the flood in Babylon (Tower of Babel). But lately, American Indiananthropologists have challenged this theory, while challenging the biblical data. To them, people are not

descended from Adam and Eve, but there always have been American aborigines.33 Throughout the paper we have given the terms of culture and subculture that 'classical' component perceptionof vertical axiological hierarchy vehemently challenged by the cultural currents of post-modernist anthropologyand contemporary post-structuralist.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichifor_Crainichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic


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American musicologist and musician J.L. Collier34. This African music mixed with the European onewith which it came in contact: Psalms, Spirituals, military marches, arias from operas and operettas,piano sonatas.

Because in the modern culture and sociology is working a lot with Hegelian concepts (whichcontinues to address the Marxist and neo-Marxist), it is clear their use in American culturalphenomenon. Syncretism35 in turn becomes another tool in the astonishing combination of views and

attitudes that have no mutual tangency or repel. They become, "thesis" and "antithesis" (as the titleformer cultural program of Radio Free Europe) in a chaotic world that wants to be artificially "united".Certainly we do not all support the absolute negative character of all syntheses 36. During anotherempire, this time Christian, The Byzantine Empire the psaltic music was a synthesis of Jewishsynagogue psalmody withSyrian andPersian, Armenian andGreekelements, with wonderful resultsbased on the common denominator: Orthodox Christianity. The American synthesis wanted to be aqualitative leap, but we'll find out if so. Till now we have not spoken at all in terms of specific musicalarrangements, intervals, measures, accents, tones, counterpoint and others. We will leave aside themusical analyzes to discuss moral and the spirit of music and his conjecture from the Christianorthodox view.

Returning to the United States, in time blues moves from the plantation in saloons and brothels.This creates a new guild: saloons professional musicians - a kind of correspondence to Gypsymusicians in Europe in the same period. The American author quoted above puts the question: Whywere the white Americans attracted by the entertainment provided by the blacks. He finds two reasons:exoticism and eroticism. In the area called show business, the black entertainment will increasepermanently. The commercial view on art has as "synthetical" point of view its tangency with pleasantsensations.

We now come to a point with political resonance, i.e. left wing intervention in 1928 describingjazz as proletarian music (!). Others have said that jazz was popular music. Could jazz be consideredfolklore, i.e. popular music37 in our understanding? No, because it involves primarily a nation with along tradition in the territory. The Southern American blend, which was then reflected in the creation ofjazz is still far from being a people, a nation. If it still made an approach to folk music, this might bemore suitable to country and western music. Blues, jazz, and then rock, disco38, funky39, rap40, hip-hop41, house42,jungle43, jive44, DJ45,techno46, trance47, etc. Sub-cultural phenomena of American musicwill follow generally (but not always) this trend: black mentality stem from, and are taken shortly bywhites and Creole (or mestizos) and then expanded. Regarding the reggae48, rap, hip-hop and jungle

34J.L. Collier,Louis Armstrong, an American genius AB Kristianstad, 1986, p. 5635http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretism

36Unlikesyncretism, synthesishas a character offinalityandconclusion.

37Romanian authentic folklore / Folclor romnesc autentic 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=mk8XCOLDbtY38Bee Gees- You Should Be Dancinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JoZS6LgqYI&feature=related39Kool & The Gang- Funky Stuff - 1974 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umVRh0Rpi14&feature=related40Design Coding http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0qMe7Z3EYg41hip hop music videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqoAdTrVofE42Katy B- Witches Brew http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkmET8y-RiM&feature=relmfu43Jeru The Damaja - D. Original http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49uSOT_Zxvw&feature=related44Jumpin Jive - Cab Calloway and the Nicholas Brothers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8yGGtVKrD845Jeremih- Down On Me fhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXaig_43lU&feature=fvwreln46Techno Music Rock- by DJJL 2011http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ_tIxWbbc447coriphaeus - Nostalgia (Extended Mix) [Trance music 2008]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdHbz_1bILk48Bob Marley & the Wailers- Roots Rock Reggae http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDvdBgJdEzU

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fY0G_S6ZrtEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nJPUD57L7chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BozrvOcN5yohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J18lhJ2-mcU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J18lhJ2-mcU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wLpImLBXCAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wLpImLBXCAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMNg7GUGf5k&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMNg7GUGf5k&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iTxPQUX6iI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIBF-2k9wfw&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIBF-2k9wfw&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mk8XCOLDbtYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mk8XCOLDbtYhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Bee_Gees?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Bee_Gees?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JoZS6LgqYI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JoZS6LgqYI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Kool_&_the_Gang?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umVRh0Rpi14&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0qMe7Z3EYghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqoAdTrVofEhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Katy_B?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Katy_B?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkmET8y-RiM&feature=relmfuhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Jeru_the_Damaja?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49uSOT_Zxvw&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8yGGtVKrD8http://www.youtube.com/artist/Jeremih?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Jeremih?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXaig_43lU&feature=fvwrelnhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ_tIxWbbc4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ_tIxWbbc4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdHbz_1bILkhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Bob_Marley_&_the_Wailers?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDvdBgJdEzUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fY0G_S6ZrtEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nJPUD57L7chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BozrvOcN5yohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J18lhJ2-mcU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J18lhJ2-mcU&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wLpImLBXCAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMNg7GUGf5k&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iTxPQUX6iI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIBF-2k9wfw&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mk8XCOLDbtYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mk8XCOLDbtYhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Bee_Gees?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JoZS6LgqYI&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Kool_&_the_Gang?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umVRh0Rpi14&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0qMe7Z3EYghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqoAdTrVofEhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Katy_B?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkmET8y-RiM&feature=relmfuhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Jeru_the_Damaja?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49uSOT_Zxvw&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8yGGtVKrD8http://www.youtube.com/artist/Jeremih?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXaig_43lU&feature=fvwrelnhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ_tIxWbbc4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdHbz_1bILkhttp://www.youtube.com/artist/Bob_Marley_&_the_Wailers?feature=watch_video_titlehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDvdBgJdEzUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_basshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae


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currents, it was shown that their origins were Jamaica, the American blacks taking after these styles andenhancing them with the technological and financial power of America.

Rock: the 50s expression. Environment. Period.

Culture and civilization are linked also to the state, the worldly power. States great powers,

empires, may require a period of their culture or subculture, and that with discretion or power. Arrivingin the 20th century, the world super-power is clearly the U.S. This empire-republic equalized afterWorld War the Western Europe in the field of music, relying mainly on the distribution disks, radio andlater movies. After the victory of the Second World War the U.S. impose their rule on this plan too.This is not necessarily a characteristic of the great powers, for example the Roman Empire or Japanhave not imposed musical culture. We showed why we cannot say about Americans that they reallyhave a culture (we still use the "classical" meaning), they having especially a civilization and manysubcultures. In the twentieth century these subcultures dominated Europe like an avalanche, and eventhe world. Why do we bring this somewhat negative connotation to the modern subcultures? Because ina civilized environment - almost 2,000 years after Christ - subculture is no longer natural and innocent.The social environment of the origin of civilization subculture is the industrial cities, slums, ghettos,etc.

Meanwhile in the U.S. was consolidated what has been called the 8 th art: cinema. After the franticperiod of silent comedies by Chaplin and Laurel and Hardy followed the emergence of sound - andthere is a high possibility of coupling film with music and dance. Fred Astaire49and others did vogue inthe cinema musical genre. After the war, America triumphs and strengthens its position in the world. Itwas preparing a further blow after jazz: rock. This term is rather imprecise and can cause confusion. Inthe late '40s in black music had appeared boogie-woogieand rhythm-and-blues, a danceable versionand whites meant. From here emerged in the '50s rockabilly music orrock and roll, the term belongs toMorris Levy. This gender virtually disappeared in 1962 with the premature death of some that B.Holly50, G. Vincent51, E. Cohran52. In the 1966-1967 period the term appears again, this time short -rock - differing by pop through the aggressiveness of the music based on strongly enhanced("overload") guitars, through provocative texts and attitude. The contribution of the blacks can not beoverlooked even now: they set the tone in the late '50s by such men as Chuck Berry 53 and LittleRichard54. But in the name of truth let us say this too: the participation of white people, either Hebrewor non-Hebrew in jazz, blues and rock, rose anytime to the level of coloured people. The allegedsuperiority of the artistic and rhythmic of the coloured is a myth - it is only a certain lack ofembarrassment, a liberty and indulgence that characterizes the respective subcultures. When whitesremoves "barriers" and "taboo"s of Christian education and culture for centuries - then they descend tothe level of subculture and compete on equal terms. True, in the 50s America whites in were clearlyfavored, such as rock-and-roll is assigned to them: to Bill Haley55 and uncrowned king, Elvis Presley56.We shall see that the rock phenomenon is a reaction of Baroque type to the Calvinist PuritanismMethodist and Baptists and Pentecostals fundamentalism.

49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Astaire50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly51 http://www.rockabillyhall.com/GeneVincent.html52 http://www.eddiecochran.info/53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard55 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Haley56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13DgGtDGIpg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13DgGtDGIpg&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_rollhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS-PLFAVs_s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS-PLFAVs_s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PhG3cMECjs&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFq5O2kabQohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFq5O2kabQohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zju6KbP_1xY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFtAOltn7iw&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Astairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Hollyhttp://www.rockabillyhall.com/GeneVincent.htmlhttp://www.eddiecochran.info/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Haleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Astairehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Hollyhttp://www.rockabillyhall.com/GeneVincent.htmlhttp://www.eddiecochran.info/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Haleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13DgGtDGIpg&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_rollhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS-PLFAVs_s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS-PLFAVs_s&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PhG3cMECjs&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFq5O2kabQohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFq5O2kabQohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zju6KbP_1xY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFtAOltn7iw&feature=related


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The 60s America

In the 60s America,with the end of McCarthysanti-communist persecution,

we are witnessing a revival of so-called "New Left". Young intellectuals and artists, mostly Hebrew,initiated the beatnik movement led by Allan Ginsbergand then continued in youth environments fromcolleges and universities with the "citizens movement" for the rights of "marginalized" 57: blacks andhomosexuals, for disarmament and pacifism, launched during the Vietnam War the slogan: make lovenot war. This counterculture was characterized by the well-known symbol of peace. This ancientsymbol has returned in spring 1958 current U.S. city Aldermaston in a youth pacifist march led byHugh Brock and Pat Arrowsmith. They considered the symbol of the letters N and D derived from thesemaphore alphabet, initials forNuclear Disarmament. The peace symbol has been suggested to thetwo leaders by Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), author among others of the book Why I am not aChristian. He joined the Marxist secret socialist society Fabian Society in 1883, an open anti-Christiansociety, among which include acquaintances George Bernard Shaw and John Maynard Keynes. Thesesocialist principles were: the fight against love of country (very current in Romania these years!),combating family life, morality and Christian faith, encourage sexual libertinism and the dissolution ofnation states (see "Law on Prostitution" and the alternative textbooks!). Their way of working was"Change everything except the facade of the building."

Whatever the explanation for the source, this symbol represents the sign of peace without Christ,and young people should be advised carefully about its hidden cargo, a sign totally wrong to be wornand spread, even today when it is attempted by some "Woodstock58" nostalgics a revival of hippieattitude.

The following observation is also required: even if we remembered the black and Hebrew, itmust be said that in the folk-rock had appeared in abundance Christians too: Protestant, neo-Protestantand some Catholic. It can rightly be said that rock appeared and developed in Protestant and neo-Protestant countries. America and England, today called Euro-Atlantic structures, dominated anddominates in this area, while the Catholic and Orthodox countries appear epigones with modest results.A major explanation of this phenomenon is the attitude of protest. This is the engine: rebel, rebellious,"rebel without a cause" as were called the young people in the West in the 50s. Youth has in its naturethe germs of rebellion, rather potential tends to rebel against authority: parents, school, church, state. Inthe West the adolescent attitude of rebellion and conflict between generations is required, according tothe "dialectic of progress." Grievances are found easily and anywhere.

57 "If the state produce "culture" these other centers handling produce "counter-culture", which is aimedprimarily to the marginal, cf.I.P. Culianu. SeeEros and magic in the Renaissance.58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Ginsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Ginsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bernard_Shawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Keyneshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ4QF45Vygwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippiehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAlzg0S51GYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_P._Culianuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_P._Culianuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_P._Culianuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_P._Culianuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Ginsberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bernard_Shawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Keyneshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ4QF45Vygwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippiehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAlzg0S51GY


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In the '60s rock scene turned into a drug scene. The hippies stormed LSD,marijuana and others,along with Asian teachings: Yoga,Tibetan Book of the Dead, I-Ching, reincarnation and more. Formereditor of the prestigious magazine New Musical Express, Ian MacDonald wrote one of the mostrelevant studies on Beatles: Revolution in the Head The Beatles' Records and the Sixties. He bluntlydescribes extremely noxious hippie counterculture propaganda for drugs, sex and rock, backed by someasTimothy Leary (died 1996). In The Politics of Ecstasy, it states that: "Drugs are the religion of the

twentieth century." What were the effects of this crazy action?

Among famous victims of drug that period included and Janice Joplin59, Jimmy Hendrix60,JimMorrison61,Brian Jones62.

About the Beatles was told that they, like no others, were just the spirit of the 60s, and we sawin what sense is this statement valid. Note that specific phenomena jazz and rock are specific Americansynthesis: the rhythmic pulsation of black Americans (baptized neo-Protestant) combined with whiteAnglo-Saxon ethos (Protestant and neo-Protestant), the folk63 being a manifestation of Judeo-Anglo-Saxon from the ideological left-anarchist counterculture and Red Masonry. Beat can be described as asynthesis of English dandysm with black eroticism. Later it appeared also a synthesis called jazz-rockfusion music with remarkable results.

The liturgical chant, a divine-human harmony. Church Song: sources.

Byzantine music. For homophone scales.

During the 4th century AD St.John Chrysostom in Antioch and then in Constantinople sets theliturgy and antiphonal chants and recitals chanting, hymns crystallized, kontakions, troparia, Stichera,canons and irmologions. The singing of anthems syllable by syllable is typical for the japhetites whilemelismatic singing of ecfonetic recitative is characteristic for Semitic peoples. St. Basil the Greatsaidin this regard: "...For who can be considered the enemy of another when he joins his voice with him, togive praise to God together? Psalmody brings everything that can be best: love, companionshiptogether making the kind of lading voice of union between people gathering people in one voice to thechoir."

There is a certain tension between the two different ways ofconceiving the song in East and West. One view more special, this timefrom the perspective of monastic desert, is presented in ChapterEverghetinos ofPaterikon to Ava Silvanus: "So chant is the laity, for itand people gather in churches."

During Pope Gregory the Great it was operated a purge inmelodic, music adapting the Latin language and ethos.

In West existed before the reformation a healthy current ofelimination in worship music of instruments and polyphony.

From the beginning of the nineteenth century, it should bestated that, under the influence of music and Western European-styleeducation, the ethos of traditional Romanian music paronymic suffered

59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janis_Joplin60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Hendrix61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Morrison62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Jones63Blowing In The Windhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zY_cM0_6vA&feature=related

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Musical_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_MacDonaldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_MacDonaldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_in_the_Head:_The_Beatles'_Records_and_the_Sixtieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Learyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Learyhttp://books.google.ro/books?id=ag56qhrn-_0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22The+Politics+of+Ecstasy%22&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=QCu_UbbQDcm2Pc2JgKgF&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw40NMa_0RM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw40NMa_0RM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waJLHJ9-dUs&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_GRLfW9PI4&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Generationhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/John_Chrysostomhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/John_Chrysostomhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Kontakionhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Troparionhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Sticheronhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Sticheronhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Sayings_of_the_Desert_Fathershttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Gregory_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janis_Joplinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Hendrixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Morrisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Joneshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zY_cM0_6vA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zY_cM0_6vA&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Book_of_the_Deadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Musical_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_MacDonaldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_in_the_Head:_The_Beatles'_Records_and_the_Sixtieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Learyhttp://books.google.ro/books?id=ag56qhrn-_0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22The+Politics+of+Ecstasy%22&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=QCu_UbbQDcm2Pc2JgKgF&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janis_Joplinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Hendrixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Morrisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Joneshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw40NMa_0RM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw40NMa_0RM&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waJLHJ9-dUs&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zY_cM0_6vA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_GRLfW9PI4&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Generationhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/John_Chrysostomhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Kontakionhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Troparionhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Sticheronhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Sayings_of_the_Desert_Fathershttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Gregory_the_Great


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serious deterioration, especially in the city. We consider again a briefoverview of the history of Western church music for a deeperunderstanding of these phenomena.

Homophone specific ethos was not only Romanians, butalmost all the Mediterranean peoples, the spread of Christianity in theearly centuries, and therefore the Latins. The Roman Gregorian chant

strictly homophone, fully confirm this. But since the time ofCharlemagne (800), the Western Church will be dominated by Franksand other Germanic peoples. They will seize the political power andleadership positions in the church and theology, with disastrous consequences later: heresy, rising rival,harm uncured until today. In terms of musical, in the church is manifested the Norman peoples ethos,ethos which requires the use of harmonic singing (using parallel thirds).

Another important change is produced in France in the twelfth century, when the French folkethos conflicts with Roman (Gregorian) ethos. The paradox is that, despite the invaluable contributionof Pope St. Leo the formulation of the definition of Chalcedon, the Western medieval theology wasguided by notions of created and supra-added grace, the dichotomy of created uncreated, divine-human,not united in the Chalcedonian way, but remain separate and without being able to work together andtransform (obviously those created) due to lack of the bridge that are uncreated energies. This seriousdogmatic error was felt in Western religious and secular music, the different ethoses, the universalistroman (Catholicism having here this sense of "universal" with a more horizontal dimension entity)entered into irreconcilable conflict with the local. The latter, although obviously inferior spiritually andculturally, have the advantage that it was alive. In time the conflict was sliced in favor of the local inthis way: in France, the locals felt an inclination for the worldly, sensual, profane. They began tointroduce a series of worship songs and popular texts, secular unchurchly. The hierarchy was forced toaccept this compromise to tolerate simultaneous singing Gregorian hymns of love and romances of thetownsmen. This situation almost schizophrenic, a mix of kitsch, is one of the sources of religious vocalpolyphony64. When this hybrid threaten to lead to liturgical and musical anarchy rescue intervened byordering thorough and ranges of modes, controlled counterpoint appearance and phasing of the seculartexts.

This is, briefly, the history of harmonic and polyphonic ethos on the Western church singing.This phenomenon has been "postponed" in the east up to the nineteenth century. So now disappearedthe scholar melisms of the Levantine Performers and appeared the harmonizations with thirds ofRussian model of Western romantic inspiration, and in some cases contrapuntal passages too. Theyrequire a professional choir that can be found only in cathedrals and greater churches of the city, inmonasteries, seminaries and theological institutes. Choirs are placed in Cafasse65and believers cease tosing together. The situation is encountered in the interwar years by militant groups such as " Army ofthe Lord" returning to singing together, in the manner according to her own repertoire Pietist Protestantquasi-folk, away from the church tradition.

For them the solution is given by Father Deacon Professor David: "As special interest and zealof former members of "Army of the Lord" for religious song, they can be satisfied in the normal wayby generalizing and more intensive cultivation homophonic singing in church, that all believers shouldactively participate in the religious services present or most of them. It should be abandoned the ideathat only the priest and singer are entitled to sing in church, an idea furthered by erroneous

64Medieval French chanson-motet: Je Langui-Domino-Pucelete

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdaeDmdpRIM65cafasse = Cafasse, s.n. (Inv and reg.) 1. Open upper room of a house or in a tower, in which one can see freelywithout; 2. Balcony where a church choir is singing in.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_Ihttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Fourth_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphonyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwabfKDofBw&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOwA4LT3PSw&feature=relatedhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Army_of_the_Lordhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Army_of_the_Lordhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9slq55rz_iA&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdaeDmdpRIMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagnehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdaeDmdpRIMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_Ihttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Fourth_Ecumenical_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphonyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwabfKDofBw&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOwA4LT3PSw&feature=relatedhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Army_of_the_Lordhttp://en.orthodoxwiki.org/Army_of_the_Lordhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9slq55rz_iA&feature=related


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interpretation of canon 15 of the Synod of Laodicea66. Hindrance in this canon refers to those whowanted, through her improvised songs, to introduce sectarian and heretical ideas in the church and notto the Orthodox believers, who then all sang in church service, choir giving answers and running songsthat later, for various reason, remained on account of professional singers. Not the religious reforms,evangelical denominations or sects taught us to sing together in church - as is sometimes claimed - butthey made us just back to an old tradition and practice of the one and undivided Church67 of the first 4-

5 centuries, which was then, and remains today, one of the most useful missionary methods andeffective to meet the spiritual needs of the church, for our understanding of the gospel and catechizingthe faithful, and at the same time, stopping proselytizing."

We believe, as a personal opinion, that the homophone ethos, although it seems more primitiveand rudimentary, poorer expressive musically, is higher on the spiritual plane. Church music is simplya prayer sung, or since it should help in this regard, anything that would disturb the focus should beregarded as harmful. All the faithful, clergy and laity, monks and laymen, know from experience tendscattering of thoughts, especially typical contemporary man. In this respect, it is obvious that aharmonic singing (vocal), polyphonic (parallel independent songs, imitation, counterpoint), or joiningof the instruments can harm liturgical prayer. And then we consider that the musical effects should beabandoned in favor of the homophonic simplicity. Of course this is sometimes more a theoreticalaspiration, in practice in our church song the homophone ethos is at most half of met. Our space is notspecific to sudden reforms (as was those of Cuza and Peter I). Eventually these "reformation" mightnaturally occurring slow but sustained a revival of intense singing psaltic, what actually is happening inrecent years.

In conclusion of this study we affirm the opinion that the best thing in our church singing is tocombine the psaltic choir singing the jobs of divine services (Matins68, Vespers69) solo or in groups,with or without eisonon, with a strana or both (antiphonal) according to the local possibilities, withhomophone chanting of those present together, the Mass singer conducting. Thus it is not required anyalteration or special arrangements because the songs are reprinted in the Liturgycal books. Thechoristers in the Cafasse should enjoy of much more spiritual benefit of coming down to the pews than

6615.Concerning the necessity of not permitting any longer persons to chant in church other than those who are

canonical salts (or Cantors) ascending the pulpit (or ambo) and chanting from parchments.(c. LXXV of the 6th.).

Interpretation.

The present Canon forbids persons from chanting in church simply because he wants to do so, allowingregular cantors, or psalts, to do so, i.e., those who are numbered among the clergy and have been ordainedin any particular church. The regular cantors mount the pulpit, and chant with cantoral sheets of membrane

(for the skins from which membrances are made are called parchments when thus prepared) or of paper.For if every ignorant person that wants to chant be allowed to do so, disorder and discord will ensue,

whereas the result of the contrary, when appointed cantors experienced in cantoral matters chant, will begood order. See also c. LXXV of the 6th.

67 Lately, especially in the ecumenical contacts, it was naturalized phrase "undivided Church of the firstmillennium." Or as shown in the above quote. But spiritually, the Church has never been divided or separated,

but the same, "one, holy catholic and apostolic", beginning with Pentecost and continuing until the end. We alsodisagreed with the metaphor "the Christ torn shirt", linked to her "great schism of 1054." Just like any true shirtof the Lord was not divided, but Roman soldiers drawn by lot, neither in this metaphor does not fit a tear,because the Church is kept whole (Catholic) full by God himself. Nor "great schism" is more accurately because

formal party split in effect today in 1054 was due and is due to heresy, the heterodox Catholics, heretics, (withthe losing and catholicity and not only schismatics!)68http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thEjgE-d1QE69http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shNKSJuXAgA&feature=related

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_the_Greathttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRjsebqZhT8&feature=relatedhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Matinshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Vespershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thEjgE-d1QEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shNKSJuXAgA&feature=relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_the_Greathttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRjsebqZhT8&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thEjgE-d1QEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shNKSJuXAgA&feature=relatedhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Matinshttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Vespers


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sitting in the distance. Seminarians sing both psalm and choral (male choir), a remnant of the influencementioned above. The advantage of the homogeneous group is obvious revealed by beautiful artisticeffect achieved. However, the disadvantage of the Cafasse choral singing remains: i.e. the passivity ofthe believers present at the liturgy. The higher the complication of the songs (because harmonic andpolyphonic choral arrangements), the greater the risk of errors in the assembly of the faithful to sing.

Conclusions

The man, made by God according to His image and resemblance, is a being of soul and body.He man lives in this world but is not from this world. The same with the soul: it lives in the body, but isnot from the body. The immortal soul is more precious than the body or the whole world.

That is the orthodox hierarchy that is universally implemented by the faithful. Thus, the artisticframes, namely the musical one we are speaking about, is subdued to a certain hierarchy too: thereligious music, the church music is the highest.

The highest does not mean the only. The soul without a body is not a whole for us, living (evenif there are saints in Heaven who work wonders being only souls). Our world, our bodies are alsocreation of God and they have their certain place and aim. The orthodoxy does not despise them, on thecontrary, offers them a special significance because the faithful should sanctify them and finally offerthem back to God: "Thine own of Thine, we bring to You all and for all."

If we look at music in this perspective, it will be easier to give each genre and artist his dueplace. The "heterodox" music, the "non-Christian", the "secular", etc. are certainly inferior to thatmentioned before, but by no means devoid of any value and meaning. For who could doubt the talent -sometimes genius of composers and performers of those categories and genres? We could give manyexamples of this but leave the reader to fill them in their culture and music education. We have in thisregard and aesthetic and artistic criteria of time and space: the value of music in these genres is higherand has existed as confirmed with a larger area of distribution.

"Image of God" refers to freedom and human reason. They are attacked by three fearsomeenemies: the world, the flesh and the devil. We saw that the "world" and "body" not in an absolutesense, but in the negative connotation that the Scriptures and the Fathers. When these three prevail,then we lose our freedom and reason, becoming slaves to passions and idolatry. For they must thereforeguard against, and like Ulysses with those sirens we mentioned, let us not be lured and enslaved bymagical songs and rhythms, especially with large effect on adolescents and youth. Thus it can createdependence - addiction on music (and dance), at this time you can spend hours in a bath of soundfrom the headphones and all sorts of gadgets (i phone, i pad, etc.) DVDs radio in cars, computers athome and at work.

If we can not get rid of these being in the world than leaving to the monastery or in thewilderness, we seek to keep under control with awareness this torrent of music, listening to musicsparingly and never giving it the first place in our lives, even in the church ! This recommendation canbe accomplished, even if more difficult by ordinary people who are only "fans" or have "hobby" forthis purpose. A special issue, however, is for those who have not only passion and "talent" respectively,but get to be professional, have a career and income in these occupations. There of course be appliedthe same guidelines, but the special sense of their profession can not ask everyone a denial of thisprofession, and all the professional musicians to become amateur musicians!

What criteria should still be set when a music builds or offend? Somehow might say they arethe same as other areas: i.e. if the music - in this case - is approaching or departing the man of God,salvation, kingdom of heaven, makes him better, loving, faithful, merciful, or conversely. We do notexclude that area somewhat "neutral" traditionally called "neither builds nor offend" although it iscontested by some in the church.

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Also notice this: throughout the paper we presented a series of historical sequence fragments ofheterodox and profane music. In themselves, they certainly contain those elements that they depart inspirit and form of Orthodox music. But its effects on us notice with some surprise that the more musicis older, the harmful effect of it - dose of "poison" contained - seems not to have any adverse effect onus. The same of course can be seen from the other arts.

This may be because of two reasons: either the general descend into sins, followed by a callous

heart and the not feeling of a lethal dose. Or it can also be a strengthening of the Lord, a kind of"immunization" against those, leaving the states of aesthetic pleasure before the obvious qualities thathave given ample evidence those examples. Of course, it is not easy to discern that the same is suitablein each case, and even they can find and join the both cases. This should not surprise us at all: not onlythe enemy works, but above all, and to all stands God's providence!

In this sense every mature and aware man, anchored in the Church, along with his spiritualfather and a Christian environment may focus on a case by case, person to person, from one period toanother, a place to another, a.s.o. Recipes, patterns and schemes, be they spiritual methods, are ratherout of place in Orthodoxy, which is life itself. Therefore we keep in hand to not deliver them, even ifthere is a personal competence and experience in both areas, religion and music.

The Lord will give everyone the right solution, one we want and require. Let us not forget that "All things are lawful unto me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but I willnot be brought under the power of any."(I Corinthians 6:12), and understand the words ofSt. Augustinein the Orthodox spirit, "Love and do what you want". And, especially for young people - but not onlyfor them! let us apply guidelines discerning of St. Basil the Great: "You should, therefore, read thewritings of profane authors, as bees do; those do not go no choice at all the flowers, do not try to bringall find the flowers on which sits, but take what they need for their work, and the remaining leaveshappy. We, if we are wise to take the books as new suits us and how it is related to the truth and let himrest," of course replacing books with music and "truth" with more appropriate moods.

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http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_B%C4%83dulescuhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Augustine_of_Hippohttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Greathttp://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_B%C4%83dulescuhttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Augustine_of_Hippohttp://orthodoxwiki.org/Basil_the_Great

some considerations on music

Documents