some reflections on patriarchal family and civil society, 1991-2007

8/2/2019 Some Reflections on Patriarchal Family and Civil Society, 1991-2007

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PHBC UCONC@]LHGP HG VK]ULKU@JKN OKBLN\ KGM @L_LN PH@LC]\.

;


2/26

5' ]h dccv }jc jsbkgph`lc}|ahlga'

K `jlnm lp }jsp knqk|p e|. ho kgm. ohu h}jcup'

K} }jc vhlg} ho elhnhal`kn hulalg. }juhsaj }jc vuh`cpp ho auhq}j lg ph`lc}| kgm olgknn|. kp

kg kmsn} cgm vuhms`} uckm| ohu }jc nkehu bkudc} hu. ohu sgvklm nkehu hs}plmc l}. gh jsbkgeclga lp hu `kg ccu ec `hbvnc}cn| pcno"hulcg}cm' Heic`}lcn| pvckdlga. p(jc lp knqk|p

h}jcu"hulcg}cm'

Lo ccu|ehm| kgm ccu|}jlga lp ohu h}jcup. }jcg jhq lp pcnolpjgcpp mloocucg} ouhb

pcnoncppgcpp8 K} hgc nccn }jc| kuc gh} pcvkukenc9 pcno lp pcno hgn| lg ucnk}lhg }h kgm lg

ucpvc`} ho }jc h}jcu' K} kgh}jcu nccn hgc `kg gccu ec kephns}cn| pcno"lg}cucp} oucc' Jcg`c

knph }jc| kuc lg}cu"mcvcgmcg}9 e| pculga hgc!p pcno"lg}cucp} hgc pcucp h}jcup kp }jc pcno lp

knqk|p cbecmmcm lg }jc h}jcu' ]jc mloocucg`c ec}qccg pcnoncppgcpp kgm pcnolpjgcpp }jk}

mhcp gh} czlp} k} }jc nccn ho. nc} sp pk|. %mccv p}us`}suc%. jhqccu. bkglocp}p l}pcno lgqjk} bk| ec `knncm }jc %psuok`c p}us`}suc%. k} }jc nccn ho mk| }h mk| jsbkg ecjklhu'

Lo k vcuphg lp kehc kcukac auccm| lg kg| alcg ph`lc}|. }jcg qc `knn jcu(jlb pcnolpj lg

}jc `hg}cz} ho }jk} ph`lc}|' Lo kgh}jcu vcuphg!p vcuphgkn auccm nccn lp ecnhq kcukac ohu k

alcg ph lc}|. }jcg qc `knn jcu(jlb pcnoncpp ql}jlg }jk} ph lc}|' ]jsp pcnolpjgcpp hu

pcnoncppgcpp kuc gh} }jc vuhvcu}lcp ho k alcg lgmllmskn pcno kp ps`j. es} kuc bckpsucp ho

}jc ph`lkn kcukacp ho auccm. qjl`j kuc mcvcgmcg} svhg }jc auccm"nccnp ho h}jcup lg k

ph`lkn blnlcs'

]jc ok`} }jk} }jc elu}j kgm auhq}j ho k `jlnm lp gh} ohu jcu(jlp pcno"lg}cucp} es}. }jk} l} lp ohu}jc lg}cucp} ho h}jcup. bk| ec sgmcup}hhm ql}jlg }jc kehc mlp`hsupc'

LL

Bkulk Blcp jkm lgml`k}cm lg jcuVk}ulku`j| kgm K``sbsnk}lhg hg Qhunm P`knc9 Qhbcg lgLg}cugk}lhgkn Mllplhg ho Nkehsu*Nhgmhg ;


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]jc qhud ho qhbcg. eh}j lg allga elu}j }h kgm lg uklplga `jlnmucg. }jc os}suc phsu`c ho

nkehu ohu }jc bkudc}. kp qcnn kp ucp} ho }jc mhbcp}l` qhud. }jk} mkln| ucvncglpjcp }jc

nkehucu. lp gh} `hgplmcucm qhud hu nkehu. lg vhnl}l`kn c`hghb|'

Bkulk Blcp! qhud lp mcp`ulv}lc. ph`lhnhal`kn' L} `hg}klgp bkg| lgplaj}p' \c} l} lp gh

p|p}cbk}l` }jchu|' L} uconc`}p k `cu}klg p}kac ho Qhbcg!p p}smlcp(acgmcu pcgpl}lc vhnl}l`kn

c`hghb|'

LLL

Okblnlkn ucnk}lhgp kuc `hgplmcucm cu| ucbh}c ouhb }jc pseic`} bk}}cu ho vhnl}l`kn

c`hghb|. ec`kspc }jc| `hg}klg cu| lg}lbk}c ohubp ho vuhms`}lhg(ucvuhms`}lhg ucnk}lhgp

kgm. kuc ohsgmk}lhgkn }h }jc h}jcu ohubp ho vuhms`}lhg ucnk}lhgp' Pczskn ucnk}lhgp kuc k

}kehh }hvl` lg `lln ph`lc}lcp' ]jc| kuc dcv} pc`uc}. ec`kspc }jc| kuc ohsgmk}lhgkn'

L_

Lo }jc s}}cukg`cp ho Ejlpbk lg }jcBkjkejkuk}k kuc bkmc }h `hbc hs} ho }jc nlvp hoAkgak hu Akgmjkul hu. lo lgp}ckm ho Dulpjgk. Muksvkml s}}cup }jcpjnhdkp ho }jcEjkakkm"

Al}k. }jcg qjk} phu} ho p}us`}sukn }ukgpohubk}lhg qlnn }jcpc }cz}p sgmcuah8 K vuhekencp}ku}lga vhlg} ohu }jlp pcku`j `hsnm ec9 Lukk}l Dkuc T;


4/26

Osu}jcu9

;' K `jlnm lp gccu bcmlhùc'

5' K }ck`jcu lp acgcuknn| k bcmlhùc lg}cnnc`}skn'

0' K }ck`jcu }ck`jcp k `jlnm'

=' ]jk} lp }h pk|. acgcuknn|. k ghg"bcmlhùc lp }ksaj} e| k bcmlhùc'

]jlp L `knn }jc vkukmhz ho cms`k}lhg'

L} pccbp }h bc }jk} }jc vkukmhz ho cms`k}lhg cbkgk}cp ouhb }jc vkukmhz ho }jc okbln|. lg

ph oku kp }jc vkucg}p ho }jc qhunm kuc }jc olup} }ck`jcup kgm. bhp} }ck`jcup kuc }jcbpcncp

`hgcg}lhg ehsgm vkucg}p'

_L

Qhbcg vs} }jcbpcncp lg }jc mkgacu ho mhbcp}l` kgm ph lc}kn pseisak}lhg }juhsaj

vk}ulku`j|. e| bkdlga }qh mlp`hculcp lg }jc Gchnl}jl` kac'

;' E| mhbcp}l`k}lga kglbknp }jc| jcnvcm ùck}c cghsaj psuvnsp. qjl`j lg }sug ùck}cm }jc

vuc`hgml}lhgp *2qckn}j }h ec lgjcul}cm, ohu }jc }ukgpl}lhg ouhb bk}ulnlgckn okbln| }h

vk}ulnlgckn okbln|'

5' E| mhbcp}l`k}lga vnkg}p. l'c'. e| mlp`hculga kaul`sn}suc. }jc| ùck}cm }jc vuc`hgml}lhg*2nkuac p`knc okublga kgm kglbkn jspekgmu|, ohu }jc }ukgpl}lhg ouhb okblnlkn sgvklm nkehu

}h }jc p|p}cb ho sgvklm nkehu hs}plmc }jc okbln|'

_LL

Hg Okbln|. Lgp}l}s}lhgp. kgm P}us`}sucp ho Mhblgk}lhg lg Acgcukn

Hool`lknn| bhghakbhsp"ohu"qhbcg"hgn| okbln| vuhvcu ec`kbc k ucknl}| }hac}jcu ql}j }jc

kmcg} ho vk}ulku`j|' Bkuulkacp. kg}juhvhnhalp}p }cnn sp. `kbc lg}h eclga phbc :666 |ckup

kah' _kulhsp ohubp ho bk}ulnlgckn(bsn}loh`kn okbln| `hcu }jc vculhm ec}qccg }jc

cbcuacg`c ho bkuulkac kgm }jk} ho vk}ulku`j|' ]jlp qkp `hcz}cgplc4 l} lp `hgic`}sucm.

ql}j }jc }ukgpl}lhg ouhb }jc nkp} vjkpc ho jsbkg eclgap lg }jc p}k}c ho gk}suc }h }jc olup}

p}kac ho `llnlyk}lhg'

]jc lgp}l}s}lhgp ho ph`lc}|. ho qjl`j }jc p}k}c lp }jc nkuacp}. kuc knn. ql}jhs} cz`cv}lhg.

cz}cgplhgp ho vk}ulku`jkn okbln|' Knn }jcpc nk}cu lgp}l}s}lhgp kuc. lg k pcgpc. vuhms`}p ho }jc


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lgpc`sul}| `hbvncz ho vk}ulku`j|' Lg }jc nlaj} ho kklnkenc mh`sbcg}k}lhg(kg}juhvhnhal`kn

mk}k. l} lp pklm }jk} }jc olup} vjkpc ho vk}ulku`j| qkp(lp hvcgn| `hcu`lc' Kp vk}ulku`j|

bkmc l}p ihsugc| }h `hgphnlmk}cm bhghakb|. }h ecalg ql}j hg }jc vku} ho }jc

qhbkg(qloc. l} mccnhvcm `cu}klg `sn}sukn"lmchnhal kn lgpc`sul}|9 }jk} ho eclga

hcuvhqcucm e| }jc QHBKG' Plg`c ohu }jc jsbkg bknc knn ucnk}lhgp lg }jc `lln ph`lc}|

kuc ucnk}lhgp ho mhblgk}lhg. JC qkp kouklm. ncp} }jc ocbknc vku}gcu mhblgk}c JLB }juhsaj

okblnlkn ucnk}lhgp'

Jcg`c }jc lmchnhal`kn ekaakac ho gckun| knn(knn bkihu ucnlalhgp vulhu kgm vhp}culhu }h

Esmmjlpb9 }jk} }jc pkgpkuk(qhunm(ph`lc}| lp k ucknb ho ehgmkac4 }jk} }jc qhbkg lp cln

lg`kugk}c4 }jk} Pjc lp kg hep}k`nc }h }jc pknk}lhg ho }jc phsn c}`' Jcg`c }jc pcku`j ohu

phbc vsuc mhbklgp ho vk}ulku`j| 9 }jc Esmmjlp} Pkgajk4 }jc bhgkp}cu| 4 }jc `sn} ho

eukjbk`jku|k(`cnlek`|. l'c'. jhbh"(jc}cuh"pczskn ucnk}lhgp pkgp }jc ucp}ul`}lhgp(ms}lcp

lbvhpcm e| okblnlkn `sn}suc4 }jc kub|(vhnl c c}`' mhbklgp ho }jc p}k}c vhqcu4 p}ka

kpph`lk}lhgp ho knn dlgmp4 knn }jc vhnl`| bkdlga `nsep 9 }jc `huvhuk}c ehkum uhhbp. }jcBkolhpl. }jc vhnl}esuhp. c}`'

Ouhb Esmmjlpb }h `hbbsglp} vku}| usncm ekuuk`d ph`lknlpb. lk `uspkmc. iljkm. vluk`|.

cbvluc eslnmlga. okp`lpb. P}knlglpb9 l} lp hgc `hg}lgshsp ihsugc| ho }jc BKNC lg pcku`j

ho k pc`suc mhbklg ohu JLBPCNO' Ouhb }jc olup} Esmmjlp} bhgkp}culcp }h }jc nkp}

`hbbsglp} vku}lcp. ouhb }jc olup} eukjbk`ju|kpjukbp }h }jc nkp} vku}| `hbbsgcp9 }jc

pcku`j lp hg ohu `hgphnlmk}lga kgm vuh}c`}lga vk}ulku`j| ouhb }jc cgcb| %ql}jlg%9 }jc

okblnlkn pnkc. }jc ocbknc cgakacm ql}jhs} qkacp lg }jc vuhms`}lhg kgm ucvuhms`}lhg ho

}jc bhp} l}kn vuhms`}lc ohu`c. }jk} ho }jc JSBKG NKEHSU' ]jsp. }jc bhp}

pc`uc}(lglplenc ucbklgp }jc bhp} lbvhu}kg} mhbklg ho jsbkg k`}ll}|'

Vhnl}l`kn C`hghb| ho }jc okbln| p}lnn ucbklgp k p`lcg`c ho }jc os}suc'

_LLL

]hqkump k ]jchu| ho }jc Okbln|

Okbln| lp }jc ` c n n ho knn jsbkg lgp}l}s}lhgp' Jlp}hul`kn vkuknncnp kuc9 `hbbhml}| ohu

`kvl}knlpb. plag(p|behn ohu `hbbsgl`k}lhg(p|behnl hvcuk}lhgp' Okbln| lp knph }jcnhgacp} psullga ho knn }jc jsbkg lgp}l}s}lhgp. }jhsaj l} jkp sgmcuahgc kgm lp sgmcuahlga

`jkgacp lg ohub'

Olup}. pc`hgm c}`' lgmsp}ulkn uchns}lhgp sgmcu `kvl}knlpb jkc euhsaj} lg }jclu qkdc pnhq

es} p}ckm| `hbbhml}lyk}lhg ho okblnlkn pcul`cp kgm ucnk}lhgp' ]jc mccnhvbcg}p lg


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Pcblh}l`p jkc hvcgcm sv }jc vhpplelnl}lcp ohu lgcp}lak}lga }jc okbln| kp k p|p}cb ho

p|behnp(plagp. ohu p}sm|lga okblnlkn hvcuk}lhgp kp p|behnl` hvcuk}lhgp'

]jhsaj vuhaucpplcn| `hbbhml}lycm lg }jc bhuc mccnhvcm `kvl}knlp} c`hghblcp. okblnlkn

pcul`cp kgm ucnk}lhgp p}lnn uc}klg }jclu p}k}sp kp gk}sukn c`hghbl` ahhmp kgm pcul`cp. }h k

cu| nkuac cz}cg}. lg }jc hcuqjcnblga bkihul}| ho }jc okblnlcp ho }jc qhunm' Jcg`c }jc

gccm }h p}sm| }jc okbln| ouhb }jc vcupvc`}lcp ho9

;' Kg}juhvhnha|(Ph`lhnha|.

5' Vhnl}l`kn C`hghb|.

0' Vp|`jhkgkn|plp.

=' Nkq'

]jc vucuc{slpl}cp ho k acgcukn }jchu| ho okbln| qcuc nklm mhqg lg }jc ;


7/26

cppcg}lknn| }jc vuhms`}p ho }jc b|p}lol k}hu| gccmp ho }jk} `lln ph`lc}|. qjl`j pjknn gh}.

ec`kspc l} `kggh}. vk| ohu }jc pcul`cp ucgmcucm e| }jc ocbknc okblnlkn pnkc' ]jc

`hbelgcm jlp}hul`kn coohu}p ho knn lmchnhalcp. knn ucnlalhgp. knn p`lcg`cp. ecnncp"nc}}ucp. kgm.

knn vcuohublga ku}p kuc klbcm k} vcuvc}sk}lga }jlp b|p}cu|. ec`kspc l} vk|p. ec`kspc }jc

jsbkg `llnlyk}lhg lp p}lnn gh} uckm| }h. `kggh} koohum }hvk|'

LZ

Hg Pczsknl}| kgm ]ukgpocu ho Asln}

Lg `lln ph`lc}|. pczskn k`}ll}| lp `jkuk`}culycm gh} hgn| e| }kehhp. kaklgp} lg`cp}.

vuhblp`sl}| c}`'. es} knph e| kg k}bhpvjcuc ho enkgdc} asln}' Qj|8 Vnkg}p jkc gh !asln}!

kehs} vhnnlgk}lhg ho onhqcup. ghu jkc lgpc`}p. elump kgm kglbknp kg| !asln}! kehs}

ocu}lnlylga kgm eclga ocu}lnlycm' Ghg"jsbkg vku} ho }jc gk}suc mhcp gh} jkc kg| !asln}!

kehs} kg|}jlga' Asln} lp kg cg}lucn| jsbkg ph`lkn vjcghbcghg' Kp k `hg`cv}. asln} mhcp

gh} ecnhga }h elhnha|' Jsbkg eclgap occn asln}| qjcg }jc| dghq }jk} }jc| kuc mhlga

phbc}jlga quhga. sgoklu. phbc}jlga qjl`j lp jkubosn }h h}jcup4 ohu lgp}kg`c. `jck}lga

phbchgc ho jcu(jlp mscp. kesplga(blpsplga phbchgc c}`'

Jsbkg pczskn k`}ll}| lg `lln ph`lc}| lp psuuhsgmcm e| kg ksuk ho pjkbc kgm asln}' Kuc

jsbkg. ph`lkn pczskn k`}ll}lcp quhga kgm sgoklu8 Lo hsu pczskn k`}ll}lcp kuc quhga kgmsgoklu. }jcg qj| kuc }jcpc k`}ll}lcp ph qlmcpvuckm kbhga sp ohu k psep}kg}lknn| nkuac vku}

ho hsu nlcp8 Kvvkucg}n| hsu pczskn k`}ll}lcp kuc gh} quhga kp ps`j' ]jc hgn| sgoklugcpp

}jk} psuuhsgmp }jcpc k`}ll}lcp ql}jlg vk}ulku`jkn okblnlcp vcu}klgp }h }jc ghg"vk|bcg} ho

}jc pcul`c `jkuacp }h }jc pczskn pcul`c vuhlmcu qhbkg. kgm }jc `jkuacp cbkgk}lga

kuhsgm }jc `hgpc{scg`cp nldc vucagkg`|. `jlnm elu}j. `jlnm `kuc c}`' ]jc cg}luc `lln

ph`lc}| jkp `jck}cm kgm `hg}lgscp }h `jck} }jc qloc(bh}jcu ho jcu jhgcp} mscp ohu

`hg`cllga. eckulga kgm. uckulga jsbkg nkehu }jk} `hbcp hs} lg}h }jc qhunm kp k `jlnm

lghnlga. lg}cucp}lgan| cghsaj. k olgkn !nkehu vklg!'

Jhqccu. }jlp uckn asln} `kggh} ec(lp gh} }h ec k`dghqncmacm p}uklaj} hoo' Ps`j kgk`dghqncmacbcg} qhsnm k} hg`c vs} vk}ulku`j| kgm }jc `huucpvhgmlga `lln ph`lc}| hg }jc

mh`d' \c} }jc asln} mhcp gh} mlc' Jcg`c }jc `hnnc`}lc gccm }h }ukgpocul} }h phbcqjcuccnpc' ]jc gckucp} vhpplenc phns}lhg lp }h }ukgpocu l} }h }jc jsbkg pcz k`} l}pcno' ]jcuce| k

mhsenc vsuvhpc lp pcucm9


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;' Vk}ulku`j| lp pjlcnmcm4 kgm.

5' Asln} lp sglcupknlycm'

]jsp }jc uckn lppsc. }jk} ho ghg"vk|bcg} ho }jc mscp ho qhbcg!p jhgcp} nkehu. }jk} ho k

vnklg kgm plbvnc nhga jlp}hul`kn `jck}lga lp `nccun| heosp`k}cm'

K jsbkg ph`lkn asln} lp vhpcm kp asln} kuhsgm k elhnhal`kn kgm `sn}sukn mulc' L} lp

lg}cucp}lga }h gh}c }jk} }jlp asln} kuhsgm pcz k`} kgm pczsknl}| lp k`}lcn| vuhvkak}cm e| knn

ucnlalhsp kgm pc`snku *p`jhhn c} ', ohubp ho ph`lknlylga lgp}us`}lhg. e| knn vk}ulku`jkn

okblnlkn ghubp kgm vuk`}l`cp' L} lp mulnncm lg}h }jc jckmp ho pbknn `jlnmucg. qjh. vhhu dlmp.

jkc gh} |c} jkm }jc `jkg`c }h dghq kehs} jsbkg pczskn k`}ll}lcp olup} jkgm' ]jlp asln}

lp bhp} jclaj}cgcm kbhga }jc kmhncp`cg}p kgm }jc |hs}j9 qjh kuc }jc qhsnm ec vuhms`cup

ho `jlnmucg' ]jc| kuc gh} vcubl}}cm }h vhgmcu hcu kgm mlp`spp jsbkg pczsknl}| `hhnn|.

uk}lhgknn|. heic }lcn|. vsenl n| kgm ucpvhgplen|' ]jc eh|p lg }jlp kac auhsv kuc gh}knqk|p osnn| `hbbl}}cm }h vk}ulku`j|' Hs} ho }jclu kooc`}lhg ohu }jclu bh}jcup(h}jcu

ocbknc ucnk}lcp(alun oulcgmp. }jc| blaj}. lo ulaj}n| lgl}lk}cm. ucknlyc }jc kbhsg} ho

jlp}hul`kn. `sbsnk}lc kp qcnn kp `hg}cbvhuku| `jck}lga ho nkehu mscp lghncm jcuc' ]jc

alunp blaj} uc`haglyc kgm vuh}cp} kaklgp} }jc pjccu c`hghbl` lgisp}l`c lghncm' ]jc|

bk| mcbkgm k bhuc c{sl}kenc uchuakglyk}lhg ho okblnlkn nkehu kgm. vcujkvp. vnsp phbc

bhuc kp kuuckup vk|bcg} ohu }jc jlp}hul`kn nkehu mscp. lg }jc ohub ho vucocucg}lkn

}uck}bcg}(vuhk`}lc vhpl}lc mlp`ulblgk}lhg. ohu }jc alun `jlnm jcuc kgm ghq. ph }jk} pjc

`kg hcu`hbc jcu jlp}hul`kn jkgml`kvp lg k `hsvnc ho `cg}sulcp' ]jc `hgpc{scg`cp qlnn ec

`k}kp}uhvjl` ohu }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln|'

L} jkp eccg hepcucm }jk} }jc asln} kuhsgm pczsknl}| lp gh}l`cken| nhq kbhga }jc

bcg(ok}jcup' ]jc| hgn| bkgkac kgm psvculpc }jc hcuknn k}bhpvjcuc ho asln} kuhsgm

pczsknl}|. }juhsaj }jclu ucnlalhsp kgm pc`snku lmchnhascp' ]jc| `hgms`} }jc mk| }h mk|

bkgkacbcg} ho }jlp asln} }juhsaj }jclu qlcp(bh}jcup(plp}cup9 }jc cu| vcuphgp kehs}

`jck}lga qjhb bcg pjhsnm jkc k mhsenc. vcuphgkn kgm `hnnc`}lc. asln}'

Acgcuknn|. bkuulcm bcg ac} ulm ho }jclu vcuphgkn asln} `hbvnczcp kehs} pczskn mulcp.

ouhb qjl`j }jc| psoocucm lg }jclu kmhncp`cg`c kgm ckun| |hs}j' K} bhp} }jc| jkc phbc

asln} kehs} }kehh pczskn ucnk}lhgp. gh} kehs} pczsknl}| kp ps`j' ]jlp lp ph. plg`c }jc| kuc

knuckm| lg }jc k`}' ]jc| `kg gh bhuc vku}l`lvk}c lg kg| vulhu vuh}cp} kaklgp} vk}ulku`j|'

Kgm ghq l} lp lg }jc cp}cm lg}cucp} ho }jc bkuulcm bcg(ok}jcup }h heosp`k}c }jc alakg}l

lppsc ho `jck}lga }jc bh}jcu(qloc ho jcu nkehu mscp' ]jc qloc(bh}jcu `kg !vuh}c`}! jcu

pc`hgm aukmc p}k}sp lg }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln| hgn| e| vuc}cgmlga }jk} l} qkp(lp k !nkehu ho

nhc!' Pjc `kg pknkac }jc pcno"lbkac knnh`k}cm }h jcu e| vk}ulku`j|. hgn| e| vku}l`lvk}lga


9/26

lg }jc enkgdc} b|p}lol`k}lhg kgm heosp`k}lhg ho jsbkg pczsknl}|. asln} kgm knn. e|

vuc}cgmlga }jk} pjc jkp gh} eccg `jck}cm'

Plg`c okblnlkn czvnhl}k}lhg ho ocbknc nkehu. ghg"vk|bcg} ho qhbcg!p mscp ohu pczskn

pcul`cp. `jlnm eckulga. `jlnm uckulga kgm h}jcu mhbcp}l` nkehu jkp eccg lgp}l}s}lhgknlycm

hgn| lg }jc vk}ulku`jkn okblnlcp. hgc olgmp nl}}nc }uk`c ho asln} kuhsgm pczsknl}| kbhga

}jhpc }ulekn(lgmlacghsp vchvnc qjh kuc isp} mlp`hculga vk}ulku`j| ohu }jcbpcncp kgm. kuc

ncpp lgonscg`cm e| }jclu `hg}k`}p ql}j }jc bhuc `hbvncz vk}ulku`jkn `lln ph`lc}|'

]jc auhq}j lg }jc spc ho `hg}uk`cv}lcp kgm. ho kqkucgcpp kehs} jsbkg pczsknl}lcp. jkp

`uck}cm }jc }c`jghnhal`kn kgm h}jcu `sn}sukn vuc`hgml}lhgp ohu mcnlgdlga jsbkg pczskn

k`}ll}| ouhb vucagkg`| kgm `jlnmelu}j' ]jcpc vuc`hgml}lhgp kuc bhuc vuhghsg`cm lg }jc

bhuc lgmsp}ulknlycm(suekglycm ph`lc}lcp' Jcg`c. }jc aukmskn ql}jculga kqk|. ho phbc

kpvc`}p ho }jc asln} kuhsgm pcz. lg }jc bkpp"`sn}suc ho }jc |hs}j. ho }jcpc ph`lc}lcp'

Lgmccm. l} lp hgn| lg }jc cuk ho }jc pc`hgm. }jlum c}`' lgmsp}ulkn uchns}lhgp }jk} qc `hsnm

uklpc }jc cg}luc lppsc ho vk}ulku`jkn mhblgk}lhg kgm czvnhl}k}lhg ho qhbcg ouhb }jc

vucpcg} vcupvc`}lc' ]jc `hbelgcm cooc`}p ho `hg}uk`cv}lc"`sn}suc. bkpp hs}mhhu

cbvnh|bcg} ho qhbcg kgm. }jc ucnk}cm `jkgacp lg pczskn kgm okblnlkn vuk`}l`cp. nloc

p}|ncp c} '. kuc lg`uckplgan| ucgmculga }jc bc`jkglpb ho asln} }ukgpocu kuhsgm pcz

sg}cgkenc kgm sggc`cppku|' Lo pczskn lg}cu`hsupc kgm vucagkg`|(`jlnm elu}j `kg ec

*}juhsaj }jc spc ho `hg}uk`cv}lcp kgm `sn}lk}lhg ho pkocu pczskn `sn}suc, kgm. jkp }h ec

*hqlga }h }jc hs}mhhu qhud p`jcmsncp ho }jc qhbe"cgmhqcm ocbknc, mcnlgdcm. }jcg }jc

}ukgpocu ho asln} ohu }jc ghg"vk|bcg} ho }jc qloc(bh}jcu. ouhb }jc `jck}lga lghncm

kuhsgm `jlnm eckulga. uckulga kgm ucnk}cm mhbcp}l` qhud. hg }h }jc jsbkg pcz k`} kp ps`j.`kg gh nhgacu ucbklg gc`cppku| kgm cooc`}lc' E| vksvculylga }jc vchvnc. e| bkdlga

}jcb bcuc qkac ckugcup. }jc lgmsp}ulkn uchns}lhgp kuc k} }jc pkbc }lbc cuhmlga }jc

ohsgmk}lhgp ho kg lbvhu}kg} bk}culkn mulc ho vk}ulku`j|. gkbcn|. }jc qhuulcp kuhsgm }jc

vuhencbp ho lgjcul}kg`c ho vulk}c vuhvcu}|. kbhga }jc bkppcp' ]jlp lp mluc`}n| ucnk}cm }h

}jc svuhh}lga ho }jc vckpkg}u|. cuhplhg ho vckpkg}"vk}ulku`jkn"vkp}hukn knsc p|p}cbp c}`'.

ccg lg }jc lnnkacp' ]jc ankpp jhspc ho asln} kuhsgm pczsknl}|. kpplmshspn| cuc`}cm e|

vk}ulku`j|. lp sgmcu k}}k`d ouhb bkg| mluc`}lhgp' Qc olgm hgc ho }jc czvucpplhgp ho ps`j

k}}k`d lg }jc vuhms`}p ho bkpp"`sn}suc9 vhvsnku bspl`. nl}cuk}suc. olnbp. ]_ pculknp c}`'

]jc cln lp eclga nlo}cm. knecl} pnhqn|' ]jc sgoklugcpp ho ocbknc pnkcu| lg }jc okbln| lp

eclga vhpcm hg k bhukn vnkgc e| }jc `hg}cbvhuku| qhbcg!p nlecuk}lhg bhcbcg}' ]jc}kpd lp }h uklpc }jc {scp}lhg k} }jc nccn ho p`lcg`c. `hgp}us`} k `hbvucjcgplc vhnl}l`kn

c`hghb| ho }jc okbln|. kg kgkn|}l`kn c`hghbl` }jchu| ho }jc okbln|4 kgm. }jcuce| vucvkuc

}jc `hg`cv}skn auhsgmp ohu `huuc`}lc vcuphgkn. okblnlkn. auhsv kgm bkpp ph`lkn k`}lhg lg

}jc mhbklg ho cbkg`lvk}lhg ho }jc ocbknc mhbcp}l` pnkc'


10/26

]jc qk| hs} ho }jc uckn okblnlkn asln} nlcp }juhsaj }jc vk}j ho c{sl}kenc ucmlp}ules}lhg ho

okblnlkn nkehu' ]jc bku`j ho }lbc lp bkdlga l}p }ukgpocu kgm }ukgpohubk}lhg lg}h phbc

b|p}lolcm asln} kuhsgm pczsknl}|. sg}cgkenc' Nc} sp }ck`j }jc bknc `jlnm }h vku}l`lvk}c lg

okblnlkn nkehu kp bs`j kp }jc ocbknc `jlnm mhcp' ]jc asln} kuhsgm pczsknl}| qlnn kglpj lg

l}p hqg }lbc'

Z

Lg }jc lgmsp}ulknn| mccnhvcm `hsg}ulcp ho }jc Qcp} bkuulkac kvvckup }h ec `hg}uk`}skn4

es}. lg k`}sknl}|. l} alcp ulpc }h p}k}sp ucnk}lhgp' Sgmcu Bspnlb nkq bkuulkac lp k `hg}uk`}

kgm. l}p heic } lp vuh`uck}lhg kgm ncaknlyk}lhg ho `jlnmucg' Ohu }jc Jlgmsp ho Lgmlk

bkuulkac lp ohubknn| pk`ukbcg}kn' Jhq kehs} }jc Iklgp. Esmmjlp}p kgm Pldjp8 Jhq kehs}

}jc Icqp8 Jhq kehs} }jc `huucpvhgmlga pl}sk}lhg kbhga }jc lgmlacghsp vchvnc ql}jhs}huakglycm ucnlalhg8

ZL

Ohu Plabsgm Oucsm. bkp`snlgl}| kgm ocblgl}| kuc vhnku hvvhpl}cp. alcg kgm ghubkn'

Oucsm qkp ecjhnmcg }h k elh"ecjklhukn vsulpb' Jc lp plncg} hg }jc uhnc ho lmchnha| lg

mc}cublglga jsbkg lgjlel}lhgp' L} pvckdp hnsbcp kehs} jlp hqg lmchnhal kn

`hgml}lhglga'

ZLL

Bhuc hg }jc ]jchu| ho Okbln| kgm @lvln Ph`lc}|

]jc mk}k"ekpc ohu kg kmc{sk}c }jchu| ho okbln| kgm `lln ph`lc}| qlnn jkc }h ec esln}

ouhb9

;' Elhnha|4

5' @hbvkuk}lc nkq ho bkuulkacp kgm lgjcul}kg`c4

0' Kg}juhvhnha| ho dlgpjlv. `jlnmjhhm kgm kmhncp`cg`c4

='Ecnncp"nc}}ucp qhcg kuhsgm jsbkg nhc kgm okblnlkn ucnk}lhgp4


11/26

3' ]jchulcp kehs} bhmcp ho vuhms`}lhg vhp}snk}cm lg vhnl}l`kn c`hghb|4 kgm.

?' P}sm| ho }jc pùlv}sucp hu. mjkubkpjkp}ukp kp ku}jkpjkp}ukp ( dkbkpjkp}ukp kgm.p`lcg}lol` lgcp}lak}lhgp lg}h pc`snku lmchnhalcp'

Vuhms`}lhg kgm ucvuhms`}lhg ho nkehu lg }jc okbln| kuc k} hg`c k9

;' Elhnhal`kn k`}. }h ecalg ql}j4

5' Ok`} psepc{scg} }h phbc `hg}uk`} *bkuulkac, qjl`j alcp ulpc }h p}k}sp ekpcm ulaj}p *ho

}jc jspekgm, kgm ms}lcp *ohu eh}j }jc qloc kgm }jc jspekgm,4 }jc p}k}sp ekpcm

ms}lcp(qhud(nkehu kuc sn}lbk}cn| }ukgpocuucm lg}h k vuhms }9 }jc `jlnm k`{slulga }jc

`kvkelnl}| }h vuhlmc nkehu ohu }jc ph`lc}| *lg kgm }juhsaj }jc vuh`cpp ho uckulga lg }jc

okbln|. p`jhhn. kvvucg}l`cpjlv c}`',4

0' Ok`} vuc`cmcm e| kgm ohnnhqlga ouhb phbc lg}cuvcuphgkn pczskn nhc(mcpluc ho bcg kgm

qhbcg4 }jlp ehgmlga cncbcg} ho }jc okblnlkn vuhms`}lhg ucnk}lhgp `hgp}l}s}cp }jc pseic`}

bk}}cu ho k kp} kbhsg} ho hukn kgm qul}}cgNknl}k Pkjl}|k(nl}cuk}suc4

=' Vuh`cpp qjcuce| k vulbku| vuhms`} *}jc elhnhal`kn `jlnm, lp olup} }ukgpohubcm lg}h kg

lg}cubcmlk}c vuhms`} *}jc `jlnm lg }jc okbln|, kgm. olgknn| lg}h k olglpjcm vuhms`} uckm|

ohu spc. kp k vklm(sgvklm qhudcu lg k alcg bhmc ho vuhms`}lhg4 }jlp vuh`cpp lp `knncm }jc

vuh`cpp ho uckulga kgm cms`k}lga k `jlnm4

3' Vku}. }jc bhp} osgmkbcg}kn vku}. ho }jc acgcukn `|`nc ho vuhms`}lhg ho ahhmp kgmpcul`cp lg kg| alcg bhmc ho vuhms`}lhg4 kgm.

?' Kg heic`} ho `hg}lgshsp heosp`k}lhg e| knn vk}ulku`jkn ucnlalhsp kgm pc`snku lmchnhalcp'

Nlecukn kg}juhvhnha| `hgplmcup vk}ulku`j| }h ec k j|vh}jc}l kn `hgp}us`}' Bkuzlp}p

ucncak}cm l} }h vulbl}lc ph`lc}|'

Vk}ulku`jkn Okbln| lp }jc vuh}h}|vc ho knn ph`lkn lgp}l}s}lhgp' \c} l} lp k `hbvhgcg} vku} ho

kg| alcg ph`lc}|(ph`lh"c`hghbl` ohubk}lhg kgm. }jk} lp qj| l} lp pseic`} }h }jc hcuknn

p|p}cbl` vhpplelnl}lcp(`hgp}uklg}p ho }jk} alcg ph`lh"c`hghbl` ohubk}lhg hu ho }jc lg}cu"ohubk}lhgkn yhgcp'

Ph oku }jc }jchu| ho lgp}l}s}lhgp jkp eccg kvvuhk`jcm ouhb }jc bkùhp`hvl` cgm9 }jc

olub(`hbvkg|. }jc p}k}c c}`' Ghq l} gccmp }h ec kvvuhk`jcm knph ouhb }jc blùhp`hvl`

cgm9 }jc k}hbl`(gs`ncku okbln|' ]jc }jchulcp kehs} }jc lgp}l}s}lhgp ho }jc vk}ulku`jkn `lln

ph`lc}| qlnn vcujkvp ec`hbc kmc{sk}c. qjcg }jcpc lgp}l}s}lhgp qlnn jkc k} nckp} jkno hs}"


12/26

auhqg }jclu czlp}cg`c' Jkp vk}ulku`jkn okbln| czjksp}cm k} nckp} jkno ho l}p nloc8 Lg h}jcu

qhump. lp vk}ulku`jkn `lln ph`lc}| k} nckp} jknoqk| }jhuhsaj8 ]jcuc kuc lgml`k}lhgp }jk}

ps`j lp }jc `kpc'

]jc cbcuacg`c ho gsbcul`kn lgp}usbcg}k}lhg. bl`uh"cnc`}uhgl`p. `hbvs}culyk}lhg kgm

uheh}l`p kp ohubp ho ks}hbk}lhg. kp `hbvc}l}hup ho mluc`} jsbkg nkehu. kuc phsgmlga }jc

mck}j dgcnn ho }jc vuhms`cu ho kesgmkg} jsbkg nkehu9 }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln|. qjl`j jkp

eccg. kgm p}lnn lp. cgakacm lg }jc vuhms }lhg kgm ucvuhms`}lhg ho jsbkg nkehu' ]jc

cbcuacg`c ho }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln| lg }jc Gchnl}jl` kac `hlg`lmcm ql}j }jc cbcuacg`c ho

bhuc p|p}cbk}l` kglbkn jspekgmu| kgm kaul`sn}suc' ]jc gccm ohu jsac kbhsg} ho bkgskn

nkehu ohu }jcpc h``svk}lhgp `hgphnlmk}cm }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln|' ]jc olup} lgmsp}ulkn

uchns}lhg cuhmcm l}p ekpc ohu }jc olup} }lbc9 ql}gcpp }jc ihsugc| ouhb ucknlpb }h

czlp}cg}lknlpb lg ecnncp nc}}ucp msulga }jc olup} jkno ho }jc }qcg}lc}j `cg}su|' ]jc hgahlga

pc`hgm. }jlum c}`' lgmsp}ulkn uchns}lhgp kgm. }jc cbcuacg`c ho elh"}c`jghnha| ekpcm

pc`hgm kaukulkg kgm vkp}hukn uchns}lhgp kuc `hlg`lmlga ql}j k osu}jcu ql}jculga kqk| ho}jc gc`cppl}| ho czlp}cg`c ho }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln| kp }jc vlh}kn huakglyk}lhg ho ph`lc}|9

jcg`c knn }jc `hg}cbvhuku| `u| kehs} }jc nhpp ho okblnlkn knscp kgm. }jclu !vhp}"bhmcug!

mc`hgp}us`}lhg' Lg vhlg} ho ok`}. }jlp lp gh}jlga es} k qk| ho pculga k gh}l`c }h }jc

vk}ulku`jkn `lln ph`lc}|' ]jc nhppcp ho lbvhu}kg`c ho hnm kaul`sn}suc. kglbkn jspekgmu|

kgm lgmsp}u| kgm. }jc vuh`cpp ho qckdcglga ho }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln| kp kg lgp}l}s}lhg kuc

bcucn| }jc }qh kpvc`}p ho k plganc vuh`cpp9 }jk} ho }jc aukmskn mcblpc ho }jc vk}ulku`jkn

`lln ph lc}|' Ecohuc l} olgknn| mlpkvvckup. }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln|. }jlp vuhms } ho }jc

Gchnl}jl` uchns}lhg. qlnn vcujkvp `hg}lgsc }h czlp} ohu kgh}jcu :";6 }jhspkgm |ckup'

Jhqccu. }jlp }lbc kuhsgm l} qlnn `hg}lgsc }h mh ph ql}j k plaglol`kg} mloocucg`c9 lg }jlp

pc`hgm jkno ho l}p jlp}hul`kn czlp}cg`c. l} qlnn e| kgm e| pjcm phbc ho l}p vuclhsp uhncp4

ohu czkbvnc. kp k pl}c ho }jc dl}`jcg. nksgmu|. vulk}c vuhvcu}| c}`' Plblnkun| }jc p`jhhn.

ahcugbcg}(p}k}c c}`' qhsnm nhpc hu kuc knuckm| nhplga phbc ho }jclu ckunlcu uhncp' Ps`j

uhnc pjulgdkac qlnn gh} knqk|p ec luuccuplenc' ]jcuc bk| ec ek`d nkpjcp ouhb }lbc }h

}lbc. lg mloocucg} achaukvjl`kn nh`k}lhgp' Jhqccu. l} kvvckup }jk}. lg psb. }jc vuh`cppcp

ho ql}jculga kqk| ho }jc lgp}l}s}lhgp ho }jc czlp}lga `lln ph`lc}|. gkbcn|. ho }jc

vk}ulku`jkn okbln|. }jc huakglycm p`jhhn. p}k}c c}`'. kuc ahlga }h ec lg}cumcvcgmcg} kgm

plbsn}kgchsp'


13/26

ZLLL

Hg Okbln|. @kp}c. kgm @nkpp

Nlecukn ph`lhnha| vuhvhpcm k p}sm| ho }jc okbln| jcuc kgm ghq' Ucpsn}9 k auhq}j ho

p|g`juhgl` cbvlul`kn lgcp}lak}lhgp lg}h }jc kulhsp kpvc`}p ho bhmcug bl`uh"okblnlcp'

Bkuzlp}p p}ucppcm }jc `nkpp `jkuk`}cu ho }jc okblnlcp' Ucpsn}9 lg}uhms`}lhg ho ph`lkn `nkpp

ucnk}cm }cublghnha| lg}h }jc mlk`juhgl` p}sm| ho }jc jlp}hul`kn chns}lhg ho kulhsp }|vcp

ho okblnlcp'

Phs}j Kplkg okblnlcp eclga lg bhp} `kpcp mc}cublgcm e| }jclu `kp}c(c}jgl` p}k}sp. vhpcm k

p}sbenlga enh`d }h }jc Bkuzlp} kg}juhvhnhalp}p' Ucpsn}9 k `kp}c"c}jghp"`nkpp mlncbbk }jk}

jksg}p bhp} bhmcug kg}juhvhnhal`kn(ph`lhnhal`kn p}sm| ho }jc Phs}j Kplkg okblnlcp'

L} lp eclga vuhvhpcm jcucsgmcu }jk} }jc }us}j. l'c'. }jc eclga kgm }jc ec`hblga. }jc gk}suc

kgm }jc jlp}hu|. ho Phs}j Kplkg okblnlcp mcbkgmp phbc lgcuplhg ho }jc jl}jcu}h vuckncg}

kvvuhk`jcp'

]jc gcanc`} ho mlk`juhg|. ho jlp}hu|. ho ec`hblga. ho }jc euhkmcu vkukbc}cup ho `nkpp"

mllmcm `lln ph`lc}|. e| nlecukn ph`lhnha|. p}kgmp `huuc`}cm. es} hgn| vku}lknn|. e| }jc

Bkuzlp} lg}cucg}lhgp' ]jc Bkuzlp} kg}juhvhnhalp}p kgm ph`lhnhalp}p qcg} }h }jc h}jcu

cz}ucbc e| gcanc`}lga p|g`juhg|. }jc p}sm| ho }jc gk}suc. }jk} ho }jc eclga. ho }jc Phs}jKplkg okblnlcp jcuc kgm ghq' K} ecp} }jc| }ulcm }h vspj }jc p}sm| ho `hg uc}c

okblnlcp(`kp}cp(c}jgl` cg}l}lcpvcu pc }h }jc vculvjcu|. k} qhup} }jc| ucphu}cm }h snaku

ucms`}lhg ho knn ph`lc}kn `k}cahulcp lg}h ph`lkn `nkpp ucnk}cm `k}cahulcp' ]jlp jkp bkuucm

}jclu k}}cbv}p }h `huuc`} }jc lbeknkg`c ho nlecukn ph`lhnha|'

]jc phns}lhg bk| nlc lg kg cgnlaj}cgcm uc}sug }h }jc `cg}ukn `hg`cug ho nlecukn

ph`lhnha|(kg}juhvhnha|9 }h }jc p}sm| ho okblnlkn(dlgpjlv ucnk}lhgp kgm p}us`}sucp4 es} l}

jkp }h ec k uc}sug lgohubcm e| }jc k}}cbv}p ho Bkuz. k} lgcp}lak}lga }jc `hg}uk`}"hulcg}cm

lgc{sknl}lcp ho `nkpp"mllplhg kgm. e| }jc `ul}l`kn kg}juhvhnhal`kn k}}cbv}p k} lgcp}lak}lga

}jc p}k}sp hulcg}cm lgc{sknl}lcp ho `kp}c"mlp}lg`}lhg lg Phs}j Kplk'

Okblnlkn lgc{sknl}lcp kuc }jc bh}jcu ho knn p}k}sp kgm `hg}uk`} ekpcm lgc{sknl}lcp' Ps`j

lgc{sknl}lcp kuc knph hepcucm lg }jc vuc"`kp}c(vuc"`nkpp(vuc"`lln ph`lc}lcp ho

}ulecp(`nkgp(lgmlacghsp vchvnc' ]jk} lp qj| mc`lvjculga ho }jc okblnlkn `hmcp kuc kplgc{sk ghg ohu }jc osu}jcu auhq}j ho p}smlcp lg}h }jc }ulekn". `nkg". `kp}c". kgm. `nkpp"

lgc{sknl}lcp' ]jlp p}sm| jkp }h ec k} hg`c p|g`juhgl` kgm mlk`juhgl`. cbvlul`kn kgm }cz}"


14/26

`ul}l`kn4 qjlnc ucbklglga kncu} kehs} }jc vcgc}uk}lhg ho kulhsp lmchnhalcp lg}h }jc ucnckg}

mlp`lvnlgcp9 kg}juhvhnha|(ph`lhnha|. jlp}hulhaukvj|. jcubcgcs}l`p c}`'4 ps`j p}sm| bsp}

knph kmmucpp }jc vuhencb ho }jc okblnlkn uhh}p kgm ohubp ho knn lmchnhalcp. bcmlk}cm kp

}jcpc kuc }juhsaj }jc nkgaskacp qc spc. ouhb }jc cu| bhbcg} ho elu}j ho jsbkg

`hbbsgl`k}lhg. k `hbbsgl`k}lhg }jk} ucbklgp `hmcm lg }jc phsgmp. ohu lgp}kg`c. ho }jc

vuh}h"Pkgpdul}l` li bkg}ukp. Plkps}ukp ho hsu _|kdkukgp kgm. lg }jc aukvjl`p ho hsu

knvjkec}p. ohu lgp}kg`c. lg }jc km|k bk}uldkp ho hsu]kg}ukp'

]jsp. }jlp vuhvhpcm uc}sug }h }jc p}sm| ho }jc okbln| lghncp pccukn lgcuplhgp9 ouhb }jcBkuzlp} p}sm| ho `nkpp"`jkuk`}cu ho okblnlcp. k dlgm ho !kehs} }sug! lp eclga vuhvhpcm jcuc

}h }jc p}sm| ho }jc okblnlkn `hmcp ho `nkpp. `kp}c. }ulekn c}`' huakglyk}lhgp4 ouhb }jc nlecukn

p}sm| ho okbln|"lg"l}pcno. k ihsugc| lp eclga vuhvhpcm }h }jc p}sm|"ho"okbln|"ohu"}jc"

p}sm|"ho"h}jcup. gkbcn|. kp k dc| }h }jc p}sm| ho }ulecp(`nkgp(`kp}cp(ph`lkn `nkppcp'

Lg }jc vkp}9 lg }jc nlecukn vuhaukb. lgmllmskn okbln| qkp `cg}ukn kgm ph`lkn `nkpp qkpvculvjcukn4 lg }jc Bkuzlp} vuhaukb. ph`lkn `nkpp qkp `cg}ukn kgm lgmllmskn okbln| qkp

vculvjcukn4 lg `hnhglkn Lgmhnha| `kp}c qkp `cg}ukn kgm eh}j ph`lkn `nkpp kgm lgmllmskn

okbln| qcuc vculvjcukn4 lg }jc bhmcug Phs}j Kplkg kg}juhvhnha| ho }jc vuc" lln

ph`lc}lcp. }ulecp(`kp}cp kuc `cg}ukn kgm lgmllmskn okbln| lp vculvjcukn'

Lg }jc vuhvhpcm os}suc9 okblnlcp qlnn kaklg jkc }h ec ho `cg}ukn `hg`cug es} hgn| kp }jc

dc| }h }jc p}sm| ho }jc czlp}lga ucknl}lcp ho }jc }ulecp(`nkgp(`kp}cp(ph`lkn `nkppcp' Ghq }jc

p|g`juhgl p}sm| ho }jc okbln| jkp }h `hg`cg}uk}c hg lmcg}lo|lga }jc p}us`}sucp kgm

bc`jkglpbp ho okblnlkn `hg}uhn. ph kp }h nh`k}c }jc vk}j ho chns}lhg ho }jc `hg}uhn"

bc`jkglpbp kgm `hg}uhn"p}us`}sucp ho }jc }ulecp(`nkgp(`kp}cp(`nkppcp' Olgknn|. }jlpkvvuhk`j bk| ec cz}cgmcm }h }jc p}sm| ho }jc vhnl}l`kn ph lc}|. ho vhnl}l kn vku}lcp.

ahcugbcg}p. huakgp ho }jc p}k}cp c}`'. l'c'. }h }jc p}sm| knn }jc h}jcu huakglyk}lhgp ho }jc

ph`lc}|. ho qjl`j }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln| lp }jc ` c n n'

@nkppl`kn kg}juhvhnha| *Bhuakg c} kn, lgcp}lak}cm }jc acgc}l` bhcbcg}ouhb }jcVknchnl}jl` jhumcp }h }jc Gchnl}jl` okblnlcp. oku}jcu hg }h }jc cbcuacg`c ho vk}ulku`jkn

bhghakb| lg `lln ph`lc}| * 2 `llnlyk}lhg,'

Gch"`nkppl`kn hu nlecukn ph`lhnha| *Msudjclb. Phuhdlg c} kn, p}smlcm hgn| }jcp|g`juhg|

ho }ulekn(usukn(suekg okblnlcp'

]jc Bkuzlp}p ucbklgcm `hgolgcm }h }jc p}sm| ho phbc mlk`juhg|. ho }jc jlp}hul`kn

chns}lhg ho `nkppcp kgm p}k}cp kgm. ucms`cm }jc p}sm| ho okbln| lg}h k dlgm ho vkuuh}lga ho

`nkpp"}cublghnha|'


15/26

]jc }kpd kjckm ho sp lp }h p}sm| }jc acgcul` bhcbcg}ho }jc vk}ulku`jkn okblnlkn ucnk}lhgp

allga ulpc }h }jc h}jcu ucnk}lhgp ho }jc czlp}lga `lln ph`lc}lcp. ohu czkbvnc ho }jc

cbcuacg`c ho ucnlalhsp. pc`snku c}`' lmchnhalcp ouhb }jc okblnlkn lmchnhalcp'

Gcl}jcu }jc mlk`juhg| ho }jc acgc}l` bh}lhg allga ulpc }h }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln|. ghu }jc

p|g`juhg| ho l}p p}us`}suc kgm osg`}lhg k} kg| alcg }lbc. es} k p}sm| ho }jc

}ukgpohubk}lhg ho }jc acgc}l` lg}h }jc acgcul` bhcbcg} }jk} alcp ulpc }h k alcg

p}us`}suc kgm l}p `huucpvhgmlga osg`}lhgp. qjl`j qlnn kgpqcu hsu ucbklglga {scp}lhgp

kehs} }jc czlp}lga `lln ph lc}|. gkbcn|. jhq. qjcg kgm qj| jsbkg ucnk}lhgp kgm

lg}cuk`}lhgp alc ulpc }h hgc phu} ho lgc{sknl}| hu }jc h}jcu8

ZL_

Hg }jc Sglvcupknl}| ho Lgvcuplhg

;' Lo qc }kdc }jc cbcuacg`c ho kg| heic`}. ohubk}lhg. huakglyk}lhg. lmck hu p|behn }h ec k

ghmkn vhlg} lg l}p jlp}hu|. pcvkuk}lga }jc acgc}l` bh}lhg }jk} akc ulpc }h l}. ouhb }jc

acgcul` bh}lhg }jk} onhqp ouhb l}p cbcuacg`c. }jcg k p}uldlga `hsupc"lgcuplhg vucpcg}pl}pcno ecohuc sp. k} }jk} cu| vhlg} ho cbcuacg`c'

5' ]kdc }jc `hpbhnhal`kn cbcuacg`c ho aknkzlcp(cz}uk aknk`}l` p|p}cbp(hsu phnku p|p}cb4

}jc achnhal`kn cbcuacg`c ho }jc cku}j4 }jc elhnhal`kn cbcuacg`c ho vnkg}p kgm kglbknp4

}jc ph`lkn cbcuacg`c ho jsbkg auhsv. okbln| kgm lgp}l}s}lhgp4 }jc `hg`cv}skn cbcuacg`cho lmckp hu }jc pcblh}l` cbcuacg`c ho p|behnp9 }jc vk}j ho }jclu acgcplp kgm }jc `hsupc ho

}jclu czlp}cg`c }jcucko}cu. kuc lgmccm mloocucg}' ]jc }qh `hsupcp kuc gh} kgm `kggh} ec }jc

pkbc'

0' Kg heic`}. huakglyk}lhg. lmck hu p|behn kulpcp gh} hs} ho l}pcno. es} hs} ho phbc}jlga

cnpc9 gkbcn|. hs} ho kg kgkn|plp hu k p|g}jcplp. k gccm hu kg k`}lhg. kg kpph`lk}lhg hu k

uconc`}lhg. k bk}culkn hu k p|behnl` hvcuk}lhg' ]jc| }jcg alc ulpc }h phbc}jlga h}jcu }jkg

}jcbpcncp. }jc| knqk|p acgcuk}c phbc}jlga cnpc'

=' Jcg`c }jc sglcupknl}| ho`hsupc"lgcuplhg lg }jc ucknb ho gk}suc. qjl`j `hg}klgp }jcucknb ho jsbkg ph`lc}|. qjl`j `hg}klgp }jc ucknb ho hsu lmckp ( p|behnp'

]jc lgp}l}s}lhg ho vk}ulku`jkn okbln| lp gh cz`cv}lhg }h }jlp usnc'


16/26

Z_

Hg`c Bhuc hg Okbln| kgm Ph`lc}|9 P}k}sp. @hg}uk`}. kgm Bhmc ho Vuhms`}lhg

Mkhp' Oceusku| ;. ;


17/26

Ccu|qjcuc lg }jc qhunm. }jc okblnlkn ahhmp kgm pcul`cp cg}cu lg}h }jc `hbbhml}| `jklg

hgn| kp cgm vuhms`}p9 kp `jlnm nkehu. kmsn} nkehu. gs}ul}lhg ohu }jc nkehucu. jckn}j kgm lahu

ho }jc ucp}cm nkehucu c}`' Kgm ccg qjcg }jc psb }h}kn ho okblnlkn pcul`cp kgm ahhmp *2

nkehucu, cg}cup lg}h }jc bkudc}. ghehm| vk|p ohu }jc vkp} pcul`cp ucgmcucm. ohu }jc mckm

nkehu ho }jc bh}jcu(qloc(h}jcu `kuc alcu cbecmmcm lg }jc ehm| kgm `hgp`lhspgcpp ho }jc

nkehucu kklnkenc ohu jlulga lg }jc bkudc}'

Lg h}jcu qhump. okblnlkn nkehu lp p}lnn ccu|qjcuc hs}plmc }jc vknc ho }jc `hbbhml}|

bkudc}' ]jhpc vcuphgp qjh ah }h }jc nkehu bkudc} }h pcnn }jclu nkehu vhqcu. mh ph ohu k

olzcm vculhm ho }lbc9 pk|. :(;5 jhsup k mk|4 ohu }jc ucp}9 ;?(;5 jhsup ho }jc mk|. ccg }jc

`kvl}knlp} ho }jc A"1 `hsg}ulcp nlcp hs}plmc }jc vknc ho `hbbhml}| cz`jkgac ohu {sl}c

phbc }lbc. gkbcn|. qjcg jc cgih|p }jc sgvklm okblnlkn pcul`cp' Okblnlkn sgvklm pcul`cp

eclga km mcolgl}lh gk}sukn. `hbbhml}| vuhms`}lhg kgm cz`jkgac k} bhp} h``svlcp 36# *2

;5 jhsup, ho }jc nloc ho vchvnc ho A"1 `hsg}ulcp' Ohu }jc vchvnc ho }jc ucp} ho }jc qhunm.

}jc uck`j ho `hbbhml}| vuhms`}lhg lp `cu}klgn| ncpp }jkg 36#' Pjknn qc }jcg `knn`hbbhml}| vuhms`}lhg(`kvl}knlpb vucvhgmcukg} lg }jc qhunm }hmk|8

L} kvvckup }jk} ph nhga kp jsbkg `llnlyk}lhg ucbklgp sgkenc hu sgqlnnlga }h vk| ohu }jc

mhbcp}l` nkehu ho qhbcg. qjh `hgp}l}s}c kehs} 36# ho }jc anhekn vhvsnk}lhg. `hbbhml}|

vuhms`}lhg kgm `kvl}knlpb `kggh} ec`hbc vucvhgmcukg} lg }jc qhunm' ]jlp hcu kgm kehc

}jc ok`} }jk} }lnn mk}c nkehucu * 2 `jlnm, lp ccu|qjcuc vuhms`cm gk}suknn|. l'c'. ql}jhs}

qkacp' ]jsp }jc gh}lhg ho vucvhgmcukg`c ho `hbbhml}| vuhms`}lhg( kvl}knlpb hcu

gk}sukn vuhms`}lhg lp oknpc. kp l} mhcp gh} p}kgm }jc }cp} ho ok`}p hg`c }jc nlc. }jc cln ho

pcùc`|. kuhsgm okblnlkn nkehu kgm nloc lp }hug kpsgmcu' Lo kg|}jlga. anheknn| pvckdlga.

ccg }hmk| `hbbhml}| vuhms`}lhg lp ekpcm svhg ghg"c`hghbl` `hbvsnplhg. svhg }jcghg"vk|bcg} ho }jc msc qkacp ho okblnlkn nkehu ho qhbcg'

Lg jlp}hu| qc jkc }qh `nckun| lg}cumcvcgmcg} }|vcp ho vuhms`}lhg9 gk}sukn kgm

`hbbhml}|' ]jc mloocucg} ph`lh"c`hghbl` ohubk}lhgp ph"`knncm. c'a'. pnkcu|. ocsmknlpb.

}jc Kplk}l` bhmc kgm `kvl}knlpb. kuc gh}jlga es} kulhsp `hbelgk}lhgp ho }jcpc }qh }|vcp

ho vuhms`}lhg' ]jc A"1 vjkpc lp k vjkpc ho k p}kac ho hgc ps`j ohub' ]jc ùlplp ho k vjkpc

mhcp gh} gc`cppkuln| plaglo| }jc ùlplp ho k ohub. gh} }h pvckd ho k bhmc ho vuhms`}lhg.

qjl`j ahcp }juhsaj hu kppsbcp bkg| ohubp' Lg ok`} }jc `hg`cv} ho bhmc ho vuhms`}lhg

l}pcno uc{slucp ucohubsnk}lhg' ]jlp lp knph gc`cppku| lg lcq ho phbc mccnhvbcg}p lgph lkn kgm c`hghbl` kg}juhvhnha|. ohu lgp}kg`c. Ik`d Ahhm|. ;


18/26

Ph oku vhnl}l`kn c`hghb| ho nkehu jkp ucbklgcm `hg`cugcm ql}j }jc :(;5 jhsu cbvnh|cm

qhudcu"lg"}jc"bkudc} kgm. jkp oklncm }h(ucospcm }h p}sm| }jc okbln|"bkudc} `hg}lgssb'

]jc mcbkgm ohu k vhnl}l`kn c`hghb| ho 5= jhsup. l'c'. ho }jc }h}knl}| ho jsbkg ph`lkn nloc.

`kggh} bkdc vck`c ql}j }jlp oklnsuc hu ucospkn' L} jkp }h ah }jc qjhnc jha' ]jlp qhsnm

knph cg}kln k ucqul}lga ho }jc gch`nkppl`kn blùhc`hghbl` kgkn|plp. qjcuclg. mcpvl}c }jc

jkno"jcku}cm coohu}p ho phbc }h vhpc }jc `jlnm eh}j kp k `hgpsbv}lhg kgm k vuhms`}lhg

ahhm. ohu lgp}kg`c. e| Aku| P' Ec`dcu ho @hnsbelk Sglcupl}| hu. e| Gkg`| Ohneucp

ùl}l{sc ho Aku| Ec`dcup }jchu| ho blpknnh`k}lhg ho }lbc. }lnn mk}c }jc lph{skg} lp spcm }h

p}sm| hgn| }jc olub kgm l}p vuhms`}lhg osg`}lhg kgm. }jc lgmloocucg`c `suc lp spcm }h

p}sm| hgn| }jc `hgpsbv}lhg osg`}lhg ho }jc jhspcjhnm' ]jc vuhms`}lhg kgm ucvuhms`}lhg

ho nkehu }jk} lp ahlga hg lg ck`j lgmllmskn jhspcjhnm ucbklgp }h ec qul}}cg lg}h vul`c

}jchu|(blùhc`hghbl` kgkn|plp' Ps`j lg eulco kuc phbc ho }jc `hgpc{scg`cp ho lg`nsmlga

}jc p}sm| ho okblnlkn nkehu ql}jlg }jc p`hvc ho vhnl}l`kn c`hghb| hu ho cz}cgmlga

c`hghbl` kgkn|plp ulaj} lg}h }jc mhbklg ho }jc okbln|'

Z_L

Hg Lmchnhalcp

L' Acgc}l`knn| pvckdlga. lmchnhalcp kuc9

;' okblnlkn 9 }ulekn(`nkg(`kp}c( nkpp4

5' vuc"ucnlalhsp(ucnlalhsp(vhp}"ucnlalhsp40' vhnl}l`kn9 vuc"p}k}c(p}k}c(vhp}"p}k}c4

=' kcp}jc}l 4

3' bhukn4

?' Vjlnhphvjl`kn4 c} '

Knn nk}}cu lmchnhalcp `kuu| nk|cup ho }jc ckunlcu lmchnhalcp' ]jlp lp cpvc`lknn| }usc ho }jc

os}suc hulcg}cm. vhp}"ucnlalhsp kgm vhp}"p}k}c lmchnhalcp nldc phbc ohubp ho Bkuzlpb.

czlp}cg}lknlpb. vhp}"bhmcuglpb. kulhsp nlecuk}lhg lmchnhalcp c} '. qjl`j kuc p}lnn

chnlga kgm. `kg ec pvhdcg ho hgn| lg }jc pcgpc }jk} }jc| lgml`k}c }jc cgm ho }jc }h}kn

mhblgkg`c ho ucnlalhsp kgm p}k}c"vhnl}l`kn lmchnhalcp' ]jcpc os}suc hulcg}cm lmchnhalcpaucq hs} ho. `kuu| }jclu ucnk}lhgp ql}j kgm. osg`}lhg kp ucnlalhsp(ucnlalhg"nldc kgm. p}k}c"

vhnl}l`kn lmchnhalcp'

5' Jlp}hul`knn| pvckdlga. }jc olup} vuh}h"ucnlalhsp kgm vuh}h"p}k}c lmchnhalcp aucq kp phbc

phu} ho kep}uk`}lhgp ouhb }jc }jcg czlp}lga vk}ulku`jkn okblnlkn ucnk}lhgp hu ouhb }jc

kglpjlga bk}ulnlgckn okblnlkn ucnk}lhgp' ]jc| qcuc kgm p}lnn kuc cz}cgplhgp ho kgm


19/26

lmcknlyk}lhgp ouhb okblnlkn lmchnhalcp' Qj| mlm okblnlkn lmchnhalcp kulpc8 ]h olnn }jc hlm

`uck}cm e| okblnlkn knlcgk}lhgp kgm }h dccv }jc vk}ulku`jkn okbln| ahlga lg pvl}c ho }jcpc

knlcgk}lhgp'

0' ]jc ghq mhblgkg} `hgpcuk}lc okblnlkn lmchnhalcp cbcuacm. vcujkvp }hac}jcu ql}j hu

ulaj} ko}cu }jc `hgphnlmk}lhg ho vk}ulku`j|. k} nckp} hg phbc nkuac }cuul}hu|' ]jcpc

lmchnhalcp kppcu} }jk}9 }jc vuhvcu ihep ohu qhbcg kuc }h alc elu}j }h kgm uklpc `jlnmucg

kgm. }h vuhlmc }jc mhbcp}l` pcul`cp nldc `hhdlga. gsuplga. qkpjlga. allga `kuc c}`'

]jcpc vk}ulku`jkn lmchnhalcp kuc jhqccu `hbvnc}cn| plncg} kehs} }jc uckn qkacp ho }jcpc

ihep' ]jsp `hgpcuk}lc vk}ulku`jkn okblnlkn lmchnha| hvcgn| `jkbvlhgp }jc `kspc ho

ocbknc mhbcp}l` pnkcu|' ]jlp pvckdp ho qjk} l} ucknn| lp'

Nlecukn vk}ulku`jkn okblnlkn lmchnha| vuh`ccmp ouhb }jc p}kgmvhlg} ho uc`haglylga }jc

kpvluk}lhgp ho qhbkg }h ec`hbc k vcuphg' L} kuascp }jk} qhbcg pjhsnm gh} ec `hgolgcm

hgn| }h }jc ohsu qknnp ho }jc mhbcp}l` qhunm' Es} qjlnc ph mhlga l} heosp`k}cp }jc ok`}.}jk} ccg ql}jlg }jc ohsu qknnp ho }jc mhbcp}l` qhunm. qhbcg kuc knqk|p cgakacm lg

ph lknn| gc`cppku| vuhms }lc nkehu9 gkbcn|. vuhms }lhg kgm ucvuhms`}lhg ho jsbkg

nkehucu kgm. }jc knnlcm pcul`c pc`}hu k`}ll}lcp ps`j kp `hhdlga. jhspcdccvlga. qkpjlga.

gsuplga c}`' Nlecukn okblnlkn lmchnha| pvhdc ho qhbcg!p cbkg`lvk}lhg ql}jhs} uklplga }jc

lppsc ho sgvklm mhbcp}l` nkehu ho qhbcg' ]jcuce| l}p p}kdc lg }jc `hg}lgsk}lhg ho

mhbcp}l` pnkcu| ho qhbcg lp czvhpcm' K} ecp} l} vuhvhpcm }h k``hum k pcuo"nldc p}k}sp }h

qhbcg9 pjc bk| ec vcubl}}cm }h ckug k nl}}nc bhgc| hg }jc plmc. ko}cu }jc `jhucp ho

mhbcp}l` pnkcu| kuc `hbvnc}cm' ]jsp qjlnc vuhvkak}lga kg hsaj}. l} klbp }h `hg`ckn

qjk} l} ucknn| lp'

=' Jhq bk| qc vuh`ccm }h p}sm| }jc lmchnhalcp8

='; ]jc phsu`cp ohu }jc p}sm| ho okblnlkn lmchnhalcp kuc9

=';'; ohu }jc vkp}9 ku`jkchnhal`kn kgm nl}cuku| clmcg`cp4

=';'5 ohu }jc vucpcg}9 nl}cuku|. kg}juhvhnhal`kn ( ph lhnhal kn kgm vp|`jhkgkn|}l`kn

clmcg`cp'

='5]jc phsu`cp ohu }jc p}sm| ho ucnlalhsp ( mjkubl` lmchnhalcp kuc9 }cz}p kgmkg}juhvhnhal kn ucvhu}p hg k`}skn vuk }l`cp. qjcuclg }jc mjkubkpjkp}ukp gccm }h ec

p}smlcm kp ku}jkpjkp}ukp ( dkbkpjkp}ukp'

='0Ohu p}k}c"vhnl}l`kn lmchnhalcp9 }cz}p bk}`jcm kaklgp} jlp}hul`kn uc`hump'


20/26

='=Ohu }ulekn lmchnhalcp9 ohndnhuc kgm kg}juhvhnhal`kn mk}k'

='3Ohu `kp}c lmchnhalcp9 }cz}p. kg}juhvhnhal`kn(ph`lhnhal`kn kgm ihsugknlp}l` ucvhu}p'

='?Ohu `nkpp lmchnhalcp9 nl}cuku|(ucnlalhsp(pc`snku }cz}p kgm. jlp}hul`kn ( ph`lhnhal`kn c}`'

ucvhu}p'

='1Ohu vhp}"ucnlalhsp kgm vhp}"p}k}c lmchnhalcp9 }cz}p kgm. ucvhu}p ho nlcm czvculcg`c lg

ihsugknlpb. nl}cuk}suc c}`'

Hgc hepcucp }jk} lg }jc vucpcg} mk| nloc lg Phs}j Kplk kgm lg }jc qhunm knn }jc

kohucbcg}lhgcm dlgmp ho lmchnhalcp kuc hvcuk}lc plbsn}kgchspn| kgm. }jk} }jc| lgonscg`c

ck`j h}jcu ql}j knn }jclu ucalhgkn kulk}lhgp' ]jc qhunm hs}nhhd ho k vcuphg }hmk| bk|.

}jcucohuc ec p}smlcm lg }cubp ho lg}cuk`}lc gc}qhudp lghnlga knn }jcpc kulhsp dlgmp ho

lmchnhalcp'

3' Nc} sp k}}cbv} k p`jcbk}l` vucpcg}k}lhg9

Okblnlkn lmchnha| 7 sgmcuahcp olup} kep}uk`}lhg kgm olup} b|p}lol`k}lhg 7 ec`hbcp

ucnlalhsp lmchnha| 7 sgmcuahcp k pc`hgm kep}uk`}lhg kgm k pc`hgm b|p}lol`k}lhg 7 }h

ec`hbc pc`snku p}k}c"vhnl}l`kn lmchnha| 7 qjl`j sgmcuahcp k olup} `hg`uc}lyk}lhg kgm kolup} mcb|p}lol`k}lhg 7 }h ec`hbc vhp}"ucnlalhsp kgm vhp}"p}k}c lmchnhalcp 7 qjl`j kuc

sgmcuahlga k pc`hgm `hg`uc}lyk}lhg kgm k pc`hgm mcb|p}lol`k}lhg 7 }h vuhms`c }jc ghq

cbcualga vuhvhpknp ohu !vhp}"okblnlkn!. !vhp}"lmchnhal`kn! hs}nhhdp'

Kuc }jcpc cgm"vuhms }p }jcbpcncp lmchnhal`kn8 Vcujkvp |cp. lgphoku kp }jc| ucbklg

s}hvlkg(m|p}hvlkg' Osu}jcu. ph nhga kp ph`lkn huakglyk}lhgp ho phbc dlgm czlp}. ccg lo }jc

vk}ulku`jkn okbln| kgm }jc `huucpvhgmlga `lln ph`lc}| kgm p}k}c ql}jcu kqk|. qlnn }jhpc

huakglyk}lhgp lghnc jsbkg ucnk}lhgp kgm knlcgk}lhg8 Kuc knlcgk}lhg oucc jsbkg ph`lkn

ucnk}lhgp vhpplenc8 Lo ccu ps`j ucnk}lhgp cbcuac. }jcg kgm }jcg knhgc qlnn jsbkg hs}nhhd

ec oucc ouhb kg| lmchnha|. kp }jc gccm ohu huakglylga jsbkg eclgap ql}j }jc jcnv ho }jlphu }jk} }|vc ho lmchnha| 2 oknpc `hgp`lhspgcpp qlnn `ckpc }h czlp}'

Z_LL


21/26

Hg mc`hmlga }jc pcg}cg`c9 %]jcuc lp gh}jlga sgoklu lg nhvc kgm qku%

Lg }cubp ho uc`clcm hvlglhg }jc kehc pcg}cg`c p}ucppcp k `hsgpcn. gkbcn|9 ccu|}jlga lp

oklu lg nhc' L} knph sgmcunlgcp }jc plblnkul}| ho }qh pccblgan| mlpplblnku k`}ll}lcp. nhc

kgm qku. kgm. mc`nkucp }jk} kg kvvkucg}n| lg`hbvk}lenc oklu"k`}ll}| nldc %nhc% kgm kg

sgoklu"k`}ll}| nldc %qku% kuc lgmccm `hbvk}lenc' Jcuc qc kuc nco} ql}j phbc sgckplgcpp'

Qjk} lp }jc qk| hs} ho }jlp kg}lghb|8

]jc kohucbcg}lhgcm kg}lghblkg pcg}cg`c lp ho}cg pvhdcg kgm }kdcg lg k nlaj}cu clg' L}

ucbklgp sggh}l cm }jk} }jc lg}cgmcm ihdc kvku} }jlp pcg}cg`c czvucppcp k plbvnc |c}

vuhohsgm }us}j. gkbcn|. }jk} }jcuc czlp}p phbc `hbbhg mcghblgk}hup }h eh}j nhc kgm

qku' ]jcpc k`}ll}lcp kuc gh} kp mlpplblnku kp }jc| pccb'

Olup}. nhc' Lg }jc kohucbcg}lhgcm pcg}cg`c. l} ucocup olup} kgm ohucbhp} }h }jc pczskn nhc

ho bcg kgm qhbcg' Lg bhmcug `lln ph`lc}| ps`j nhc lp `hgplmcucm }h ec }jc vuc`hgml}lhgohu okbln|9 }jc plgc {sk ghg ohu }jc c`hghbl`p kgm vhnl}l`p ho `jlnm uckulga. }jk} ho

acgcuk}lhg kgm mccnhvbcg} ho jsbkg nkehu' Lg }jlp pcgpc okblnlkn c`hghbl`p kgm vhnl}l`p

lp }jc bh}jcu ho knn h}jcu dlgmp ho c`hghbl`p kgm vhnl}l`p' Kp kg huakglyk}lhg. okbln| spcp

knn }jc vuhms`}lc ohu`cp kgm vuhms`}lhg ucnk}lhgp dghqg }h k alcg `llnlyk}lhg. knn }jc

dghqg }ul`dp ho ucphsu`c bhelnlyk}lhg kgm lg}cuvcuphgkn bkglvsnk}lhg' Lg h}jcu qhump

nhc kgm l}p huakglyk}lhg. okbln|. lghncp ccu| ohub ho bk}culkn vuhms`}lc ohu`cp kgm

vhqcu ucnk}lhgp. `sn}sukn vcupskplhgp4 nl}cuknn|. ccu|}jlga }jk} lp kvvuhvulk}c }h }jc

ps``cpposn `hgms`} ho okblnlkn ucnk}lhgp kgm hvcuk}lhgp. kklnkenc k} }jc mlpvhpkn ho jsbkg

dlgm lg kg| alcg p}kac ho `llnlyk}lhg'

Ghq. qku' Qku lp }jc `hg}lgsk}lhg ho c`hghbl`p kgm vhnl}l`p e| h}jcu bckgp' Lg }jc

bkudc} kgm lg vhnl}l`kn vhqcu vnk|. knn bckgp kuc spcm }h k}}klg }jc mcplucm ahknp' Jcg`c.

knph lg qku' ]jc nlgdkac ho qku ql}j }jc vulg`lvncp(vuc`cv}p ho Dks}ln|k kgm Bk`jlkcnnl

lp uc`haglycm e| knn'

Qjk} qc jkc oklncm }h gh}l`c ph oku lp }jc ucnckg`c ho Dks}ln|k kgm Bk`jlkcnnl ohu nhc

kgm okbln|. plg`c l} qkp gh} `sp}hbku| }h lcq okbln| kp kg cgpcbenc ho c`hghbl` kgmvhnl}l`kn k`}ll}lcp' Hg`c }jlp lmchnhal`kn (`sp}hbku| oln}cu lp ucbhcmk osgg| oln}cu

lgmccm. lgphoku kp l} ohu`cp sp }h lcq }jc ` c n n ho jsbkg ph`lc}|. }jc okbln|. kp

phbc}jlga psvukc`hghbl` kgm psvukvhnl}l`kn. jcg`c psvukph`lknqc olgm }jk} c`hghbl`p

kgm vhnl}l`p `hggc`} nhc kgm qku'

Mc`hmcm lg }jc nlaj} ho qjk} jkp eccg pklm kehc. }jc pcg}cg`c sgmcu `hgplmcuk}lhg nhpcp

l}p kg}lghblkg `jkuk`}cu kgm uckmp9 %Kg|}jlga ahcp lg c`hghblcp kgm vhnl}l`p%' Ccg k

`suphu| ankg`c k} jsbkg `llnlyk}lhgkn jlp}hu| `huuhehuk}cp }jlp p}k}cbcg}' Ps`j lp }jc


22/26

vk}j }ukcupcm e| jsbkg s}}cukg`cp9 pvhdcg lg icp} e| hgc acgcuk}lhg. }jc| ucckn

sgczvc`}cm qhunm"jlp}hul`kn }us}j }h kgh}jcu'

Z_LLL

Hg }jc Lgvcuplhgp kuhsgm `jlnmucg

;' Hool`lkn @sn}suc9

]jc acgc}l` bh}lhg ucpsn}lga lg }jc jsbkg `jlnm. }jc kmsn} jc}cuhpczskn lg}cu`hsupc. lp k

}kehh }hvl ' L} ecnhgap }h }jc ucknb ho }jc pc`uc} kgm vulk}c'

]jc acgcul` bh}lhg ho `jlnm mccnhvbcg} lp kg hvcg. vsenl` }hvl`' @jlnm lp kg heic`} ho

vsenl` ih| kgm kmhuk}lhg'

@hg`nsplhg9 pczskn lg}cu`hsupc lp ekm es} `jlnm lp ahhm'

5' Uckn @sn}suc9

Pcz lp osg. es} `jlnm lp k eh}jcuk}lhg'

@hg`nsplhg9 @jlnm lp }h ec kmhucm lg vsenl`. es} mcpvlpcm kgm gcanc`}cm lg vulk}c'

0' ]juhsaj }jc `hgonl`} ec}qccg hool`lkn kgm uckn `sn}suc `jlnmucg kuc pseic`}cm }h k

mhsenc lgcuplhg9

k' Vulk}c *acgc}l ,(Vsenl` *acgcul`,9 vuhms`c `jlnm vulk}cn|. es} uklpc `jlnm vsenl n|4

kgm.

e' Vulk}c *gcanc`}, ( Vsenl` *`kuc,9 gcanc } `jlnmucg vulk}cn|. es} pjhq `hg`cug ohu

`jlnmucg vsenl`n|'

=' ]jc {scp}lhg lp qj|8

Kp k ph`lkn vuhms`}. }jc `jlnm lp pseic`} }h k vuh`cpp ho knlcgk}lhg nldc knn h}jcu ph`lkn

vuhms`}p. ohu lgp}kg`c. nldc nkehu l}pcno. ho qjl`j }jc `jlnm lp }jc vj|pl`kn ekpc' Phbcehm|

vuhms`cp. phbchgc cnpc kvvuhvulk}cp' ]jk} lp `lln ph`lc}|' ]jc pcz }kehhp kgm }jc mskn

*vulk}c(vsenl , bhuknl}| kuhsgm }jc vuhms`}lhg kgm uckulga ho `jlnmucg kuc }qh plmcp ho


23/26

}jc pkbc `hlg9 k p}uk}ca| ohu jlmlga }jc uckn p}k}c ho kooklup. e| psep}l}s}lga }jcb ql}j

heosp`k}lga `sn}sukn lmchnhal`kn `hgp}us`}p'

ZLZ

Hg }jc Pcz Qhudcup kgm Jhspcqlvcp ho Vk}ulku`j|

%Pcz qhud lp hgc ho }jc hnmcp} vuhocpplhgp ho }jc qhunm' \c} }jlp ohub ho lgmcvcgmcg}

esplgcpp(vuhocpplhg hu qkac nkehu lp mlp`sppcm hgn| lg mcp`ulv}lc ph`lhnha|' Ccg }jcuc

}jc mlp`spplhg mhcp gh} `hcu knn }jc kpvc`}p ho l}' ]jc gk}suc kgm jlp}hu| ho pcz qhud Tkp

k dlgm ho pcul`c pc`}hu nkehuR lp p}lnn gcanc`}cm lg }jc mlp`hsupc ho qkac nkehu. lg

kgkn|}l`kn c`hghbl` }jchu|' ]jc p|p}cb ho Tvk}ulku`jknR bhghakb|. qjl`j spjcucm lg pcz

qhud. lp knph mlp`sppcm hgn| lg mcp`ulv}lc ph`lhnha|' ]jc kgkn|}l`kn c`hghbl` }jchu| ho

}jc bhghakbhsp okbln| lp p}lnn k bk}}cu ho }jc os}suc' Bckgqjlnc }jc mcbkgm ohu c{skn

ms}lcp kgm ulaj}p ohu bcg kgm qhbcg lgplmc kgm hs}plmc }jc okbln| lp kmkg`lga p}cv e|

p}cv' ]jc czlp}cg`c ho acgmcu lgc{sknl}|(lgc{sl}| lp eclga uc`haglycm kp k bkihu ph`lkn

vuhencb' Jhqccu. p`lcg}lol` lgcp}lak}lhgp hg }jlp vuhencb kgm. }jc `huucpvhgmlga

pcku`j ohu }jc uhkmp }h phns}lhg kuc p}lnn lg kg cbeu|hgl` p}kac' E| gcanc`}lga }jc

vuhencbp ho }jc pcz qhudcup hu ho }jc vuhlmcup ho nhc kgm. vku} hu qjhnc ho }jc ucnk}cm

mhbcp}l` pcul`cp ohu phbc qkac(occ. kgkn|}l`kn c`hghbl` }jchu| jkp knph gcanc`}cm }jc

vuhencbp ho }jc jhspcqlcp. qjh vuhlmc plblnku pcul`cp kp osnn"p`knc hu vku}lkn pnkcp'Qhbcg kp k qjhnc `hgp}l}s}c kehs} jkno ho }jc anhekn vhvsnk}lhg' E| gcanc`}lga }jclu

c`hghbl` uhnc lg }jc jhspcjhnm. c`hghbl`p jkp ucbklgcm }usg`k}cm kp k p`lcg`c hu

mlp`lvnlgc TAjhpj ;


24/26

L} lp k uclpcm kgm cz}cgmcm cuplhg ho }jc Ukbbhjsg Uh| Bcbhulkn Nc`}suc uckm e| }jc

ks}jhu k} Dhndk}k hg ;: Bku`j ;


25/26

5' Pculga }jc okbln| kp qhbe vuhlmcu. `hhd. gsupc. qkpjcuqhbkg.

jhspcbklm. jhspc dccvcu c}`' *;';";'5'1 kehc knph ohu }jc ucp} ho }jc

okbln|,'

]jk} `hbcp }h ;1 mloocucg} ihep lg }jc blglbsb'

]jc vuhencb lp }jlp }jk} knn }jc ;1 sgvklm ihep kuc `hg}lgshsp kgm hcunkvvlga' ]jk} `knnp

ohu bs`j bhuc `hg`cg}uk}lhg ho nkehu. }jkg qjk} lp uc{slucm ohu kg kcukac ihe lg }jc

bkudc}' Jhq `kg hgc vuh`ccm }h `hbvs}c }jc blglbsb qkacp msc }h k qloc kgm bh}jcu8

Qc bsp} kmm }h }jk} }jc nhp} qkacp. pjc `hsnm jkc ckugcm. jkm pjc ahgc }h }jc bkudc}'

Knn }jcpc ihep jkc qkacp lg }jc bkudc}' Jhqccu. qjcg kvvn|lga }jc p`knc ho qkacp lg

}jc bkudc}. ohu plblnku(pkbc mhbcp}l` qhud. qjk} qclaj}kac pjhsnm hgc vs} vcu jhsu ho

ck`j ihe k} jhbc8 Jhq }h `hbvs}c }jc qkacp ho }jc }h}kn sgvklm nkehu vcuohubcm k}

jhbc kgm. }jk} hcu k nloc}lbc. ohu }jhspkgmp ho |ckup kgm. ohu knn qhbcg8 ]lbc spcp}smlcp bk| vuhlmc phbc phns}lhg' Ah }h9 >j}}v9((qqq"

566j}}v9((qqq'cli}su'hua(7'

Ph`lc}|(jsbkg `llnlyk}lhg qkp(ucbklgp sgkenc }h vk| }jcpc qkacp'Jcg`c }jc gccm ohu

vk}ulku`j|. qjl`j cgpsucm }jc sglg}cuusv}cm cz}uk`}lhg ho ocbknc pnkc nkehu ohu

}jhspkgmp ho *bk| ec :(;6 }jhspkgm hu bhuc, |ckup' Kp ho ghq }jc hgn| vhpplenc qk| hs}

lp c{sl}kenc mlp}ules}lhg ho mhbcp}l` qhud kbhga kgm. mcbh`uk}l` vku}l`lvk}lhg lg okblnlkn

mc`lplhg"bkdlga e|. knn'

ZZL

Jhq bk| qc vuh`ccm }h `uck}c kg kmc{sk}c Vhnl}l kn C`hghb| ho Qhbcg!p sgvklm

Nkehsu(Vhnl}l`kn C`hghb| ho Okblnlkn Nkehsu (Vhnl}l`kn C`hghb| ho Vuhms`}lhg kgm

Ucvuhms`}lhg ho Nkehsu lg }jc Okbln|. e| s}lnlylga }jc }c`jgl{scp ho }lbc"spc p}smlcp8 L

uc{scp} }jc `hg`cugcm vchvnc }h uckm9 Msg`kg Luhgbhgacu. 566=. Eulgalga sv Ehee|

kgm Ec}}|9 }jc lgvs}p kgm hs}vs}p ho `jlnm`kuc }lbc. lg9 Okbln| ]lbc9 ]jc ph lknhuakglyk}lhg ho `kuc9


26/26

Lm"sn"Ysjk Bsekkukd+ Bcuu| @julp}bkp+

Vukmlv Ekdpl

5; Mc`cbecu 5661

TCml}hulkn ho KKNPK Qceylgc. Mc`cbecu 5661>j}}v9((kknpk'hua(lgmcz'vjv8hv}lhg2`hbX`hg}cg}/lcq2ku}l`nc/lm2?3/L}cblm23?74

uclpcm hg 0 Bku`j 56;5'R

Vukmlv Ekdpl9 >vukmlvekdplFabkln'`hb7
http://aalsa.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=56http://aalsa.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=56http://aalsa.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=56http://aalsa.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=56

some reflections on patriarchal family and civil society, 1991-2007

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