somikazi deyi - the project for the study of alternative ... · this is an edited version of a...

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda

nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

Somikazi Deyi

PRAESA Occasional Papers No. 27

Eli phepha lisisishwankathelo sophando olwenziwa kwizifundo

zezibalo (mathemathika) kusetyenziswa ulwimi

lwaseAfrika (isiXhosa). Olu phando lwaqwalasela

ukwakhiwa kwamagama enza ingqiqo kwizifundo zezibalo

nokusebenzisa lawo akhoyo (noxa engasetyenziswa) kwiGreyidi yesi-7. Olu phando belujolise ukuphakamisa

kokusetyenziswa kwesiXhosa njengolwimi lokufunda nokufundisa

izifundo zezibalo kwiiklasi apho isiXhosa silulwimi lweenkobe, oku

kuthetha ukuba, sisetyenziswa ngabafundi nootitshala ekhaya,

ekudlaleni nasekuthetheni eklasini. This paper gives an account of a

study conducted in the context of teaching and learning mathematics

through an African language (isiXhosa). The study investigated formation of mathematics concepts and using existing ones (concepts)

in isiXhosa in Grade 7. The investigation intended to suggest the possibility of using isiXhosa as

a language of learning and teaching mathematics in classes where

isiXhosa is a dominant language, this means, it is used at home, at

play and as a communicating tool in the classroom.

Imibulelo/Acknowledgments

Le yinguqulelo ehleliweyo yethisisi yeMastazi kwizifundo Zeelwimi engeniswe kwiYunivesithi yaseKapa. Omnye umbulelo ongazenzisiyo uya kwiProjekti for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa

ngenkxaso yakhe ukuhlela nokupapasha lo msebenzi ukwenzela ukunda nokufundisa ngolwimi lweenkobe lube yinyani.

This is an edited version of a Master’s minor dissertation in Applied Language Studies submitted to the University of Cape Town. A big thanks goes to the Project for the Study of Alternative Education

in South Africa for its editorial and publishing support to make the passion for mother-tongue education a reality.

Our thanks go to the Ford Foundation for financial support towards the publication of this paper.

Published by PRAESA

(Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa)

University of Cape Town

Private Bag Rondebosch 7701

Cape Town, South Africa

Tel: 021 650 4013/Fax: 021 650 3027

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.uct.ac.za/depts/praesa/

ISBN: 1-919948-45-2

Copyright: © 2008 the author and PRAESA

Series Editor: Peter Plüddemann

Guest Editor: Zola Wababa

DTP conversion: Andy Thesen

Printing: Salty Print

PRAESA’s series of occasional papers is meant to provide an opportunity for the

research done by staff members and associated researchers working in the domains of language, education, and language policy in education to obtain initial exposure to an interested peer

audience. All views expressed are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect those of PRAESA. It is hoped that feedback will improve the final version in

which this research is eventually published or distributed.

For more information on the the series go to the PRAESA website.

Somikazi Deyi does language-related research and teaching which promotes the use of learners’ home languages in scientific subjects such as mathematics.

She is involved in language policy development at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT),

Understanding Concepts in Mathematics and Science (University of Cape Town), and the Siyakhathala Project in Environmental Sciences at the University of Stellenbosch. Somi is currently working on a classroom-

based research project at CPUT that explores the use of multilingualism to

enhance learning and promote cognitive development. e-mail: [email protected].

Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa

izifundo zezibalo

Somikazi Deyi

PRAESA Occasional Papers No. 27

�Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

1. OmnyeumbuleloongazenzisiyouyakwiProjektifortheStudyofAlternativeEduca-tioninSouthAfricangenkxasoyakheukuhlelanokupapashalomsebenziukwenzelaukundanokufundisangolwimilweenkobelubeyinyani.–SD

Iziqulatho IsishwankatheloUluvooluthiukufundangolwimilwenkobelwabafundilubalulekileukuphuhlisaamagamaenzaingqiqoinganxulunyaniswanokubalulekakolwimilokufundanokufundisanjengokokuxinzelelwekwiipholisizikarhulumenteezifanane-MinisterialreportfortheDevelopmentofAfricanLanguages(DoE:2005).KwelinyeicalaiNationalLanguagePolicyforHigherEducation(DoE:2002)imemelelaukuphuhliswakokusetyenziswakweelwimiezininzingaxeshaxakufundiswakumazikoemfundoephakamileyo,zekwelinye,iMinisterialRe-port(DoE:2005)igxininiseimfunekoyokusetyenziswakweelwimizomgqubaeAfrikanjengeelwimizokucwaninganeelwimizobungqondiekufundeninas-ekufundiseni,mbonoleyokudalaimelwenguAlexander(1989).Ngokucacileyo,zombiniezipholisizikhuthazaukusetyenziswakolwimilwenkobelwabafundiekufundiseni.AbaphandiabafananoVygotsky(1962)bakubekakucaceukubaukusetyenziswakolwimilwabafundiekufundisenikuneziphumoezincomekayo.Amagamaenzaingqiqoaqondwangokupheleleyonangokubanzixaekulwimilwabafundi.Oluluvolusekelwekwithiyoriyokuqiqwakokusetyenziswakweel-wimiebekaukuqondwakwamagamaenzaingqiqoembindiniwokuqondanzulunaphangaleleyokunyenokuphuhliswakokucingabanzingokufundwayo.

Eliphepha1lisisishwankathelosophandoolwenziwakwizifundozezibalo(mathemathika)kusetyenziswaulwimilwaseAfrika(isiXhosa).Oluphandolwaqwalaselaukwakhiwakwamagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozezibalonokusebenzisalawoakhoyo(noxaengasetyenziswa)kwiGreyidiyesi-7.OluphandobelujoliseukuphakamisakokusetyenziswakwesiXhosanjengolwimilokufundanokufundisaizifundozezibalokwiiklasiaphoisiXhosasilulwimilweenkobe,okukuthethaukuba,sisetyenziswangabafundinootitshalaekhaya,ekudlaleninasekuthethenieklasini.Ngenxayoluphando,amagamaenzaingqiqo,athiabengumcelimngenianikeingxakikubafundiathiafunyanwa.Esakubaefunyenwekwafunwaelithethaintoenyenalokulwimilwenkobe,kususelwakwintsingiseloyegamaekulwimilwesiNgesikusakhiwaigamaelokulwimilwesiXhosa.Kumagamaenzaingqiqoakwizichazimagama,kucwaningwekwahlahlelwabanziintsingiseloukuqinsekisaukubaiyangqinelananentsingiseloyegamanemoyezifundozezibalo.IzizathuzokukukubaukuguqulelwaesiX-hoseniingaqwalaselwangaintsingiselokwizifundozezibaloidalaukungangqalikwentsingiselo.Ntoleyoidalaukubaigamalithililinye,libeneentsingiseloezininziesiXhoseni,ezingenantoyakwenzanezifundozezibalo.Kwakhonainjongoyoluphandokukwabelanangendlelaabathibaqondezebathatheinxax-hebangayoabafundixabefundiswaizibalongesiXhosa.

Isishwankathelo ...................................................3Abstract ...............................................................4Opsomming ..........................................................5

1. Intshayelelo ................................................... 6 1.1 Intsusa ........................................................7

2. Ingcinga ekusekelwe kuyo uphando ............9 2.1 Umba wolwimi kwizifundo zezibalo ..................9 2.2 Isiphetho ..................................................22

�. Ukuqhutywa kophando .............................. 2� 3.2 Uhlobo lophando olusetyenzisiweyo ...............23 3.3 Iindlela zokuqhuba uphando ........................23

4. Unikezelo lwengxelo ..................................... �6 4.1 Isigaba sokuqala .........................................38 4.2 Izihlokwana ezivela kwingxelo yabafundi .........46 4.3 Isigaba sesibini ...........................................56 4.4 Inzululwazi yeklasi zezifundo zezibalo ............67 4.5 Amagingxigingxi endihlangene nawo

kolu phando ...............................................69 4.6 Isishwankathelo esiphangaleleyo ..................73

Ibhibhliyografi .....................................................76

Izihlomelo .........................................................79

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 274 �Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

AbstractTheviewthatlearninginthestudents’firstlanguageisofsignificanceforcon-ceptdevelopmentcanbelinkedtotheimportanceofthelanguageoflearningandteaching.ThisishighlightedingovernmentpoliciessuchastheMinisterialreportfortheDevelopmentofAfricanLanguages(DoE:2005).Ontheonehand,theNationalLanguagePolicyforHigherEducation(DoE:2002)statesthatmultilingualismshouldbepromotedinhighereducation.Ontheother,theMinisterialReport(DoE:2005)emphasizestheneedtointellectualiseindig-enousAfricanlanguagesforuseinteachingandlearning,aviewthathasbeenadvocatedbyAlexander(1989).Clearly,bothpoliciesencouragepromotionofteachingusingthelanguageoflearnersforsuccess.AsscholarslikeVygotsky(1962)pointout,theuseofthelearners’firstlanguageshascognitiveadvan-tages.Conceptsarelearnedandunderstoodbetterinstudents’firstlanguages.Thisviewisbasedoncognitivelinguisticstheorywhichputshavingafullgraspofconceptsinthemothertonguecentraltodeeperlearningandtopromotingcriticalthinking.

Thispaper2givesanaccountofastudyconductedinthecontextofteach-ingandlearningmathematicsthroughanAfricanlanguage(isiXhosa).Thestudyinvestigatedformationofmathematicsconceptsandusingexistingones(concepts)inisiXhosainGrade7.TheinvestigationintendedtosuggestthepossibilityofusingisiXhosaasalanguageoflearningandteaching(LoLT)formathematicsinclasseswhereisiXhosaisadominantlanguage,thismeans,itisusedathome,atplayandasacommunicatingtoolintheclassroom.Throughtheinvestigation,conceptsthatwerelikelytopresentteachingandlearningdif-ficultieswereidentified.Byworkingfromacontextualmeaningoftheconceptinthesourcelanguage(English),equivalentswerecoinedinisiXhosa.Exist-ingconceptswhoseequivalentsarealreadyfoundindictionarieswerecriticallyscrutinisedfortheirforpotentialuseinamathematicalcontext.Thereasonforthisisthatmostequivalentsarearesultofliteraltranslations,leavingthemvulnerabletodifferentmeaningsinisiXhosawhichmaynotbemathematicallysound.

Itfurtheraimstosharetheextenttowhichstudents’understandinganden-gagementisenhancedwhenisiXhosaisusedasaLoLT.Also,itseekstoexplorewhetheruseofthefirstlanguageinteachingandlearningimpactspositivelyonlearners’cognitivedevelopmentforcriticalthinkinganddeeperlearning.Italsotriestocapturestudents’experiencesandperceptionsontheuseofthefirstlanguageinlearningmathematics.

OpsommingDieopvattingdatdiegebruikvandieleerdersemoedertaalvirkonseptueleontwikkelingbelangrikis,kangekoppelwordaandiebelangrikheidvandietaalvanleer-enonderrig.DiésieningworduiiteengesitinbeleidsdokumentesoosdieMinisteriëleVerslagvandieOntwikkelingvanAfrika-tale(DoE:2005).AandieeenkantsêdieNasionaleTaalbeleidvirHoërOnderwys(DoE:2002)datmeertaligheidindiehoëronderwysbevordermoetword.AandieanderkantbeklemtoondieMinisteriëleVerslag(DoE:2005)dienoodsaaklikheidvandieintellektualiseringvaninheemseAfrika-talevirgrebruikinonderrigenleer,soosdeurAlexander(1989)voorgestel.Ditisduidelikdatalbeibeleidstukkediebevorderingvandiegebruikvandieleerdersemoedertaalomopvoedkundigesuksesteverseker,aanmoedig.GeleerdessoosVygotsky(1962)wysdaaropdatdiegebruikvandieleerderseeerstetaalkognitiewevoordeleinhou.Konseptewordindiemoedertaalbeterverstaan.Hierdieopvattingberusopdieteorievankognitiewetaalwetenskap,wat’ngoeiebegripvankonsepteindiemoedertaalasgrondliggendvirdieperleerendiebevorderingvankritiesedenkebeskou.

Hierdiereferaatlewerberigoor’nstudiewatbinnediekonteksvanwiskunde-onderwysdeurdiemediumvan’nAfrika-taal(isiXhosa)gedoenis.Diestudiehetnadievormingvanwiskunde-konsepteendiegebruikvanbestaandetermeinisiXhosainGraad7ondersoekingestel.DiestudiewoudiemoontlikheiddatisiXhosaas’ntaalvanleerenonderrig(TLO)virwiskundegebruikkanword,voorstel,veralinklassewaarisiXhosadiedominantetaalis,d.w.s.waardittuis,tydensspeelenas’nkommunikasiemiddelindieklaskamergebruikword.Deurdieondersoekiskonseptewatproblemeindieleerprosessouskep,geïdentifiseer.Deurmiddelvan’nkonteks-sensitiewebegripvandietermindiebronnetaal,Engels,isekwivalentetermeinisiXhosagesmee.Daariskritiesgekyknabestaandeterme(wieseeweknieëreedsinwoordeboekeverskyn)m.b.t.hulpotensiëlegebruikvirdieaanleervanwiskunde.Dieredehiervoorisdatdiemeesteekwivalentetermeletterlikevertalingsverteenwoor-dig.DitmaakhullekwesbaarvirverskillendeinterpretasiesinisiXhosa,watuit’nwiskundigeoogpuntasongesondbeskoumoetword.

DiestudiepoogverderominligtingtedeeloordiematewaartoedieleerderssebegripenbetrokkenheiddeurdiegebruikvanisiXhosaasTLOver-hoogword.Verderworddaarondersoekofdieopvoedkundigegebruikvandieeeerstetaal’npositieweuitwerkingopdieleerdersekognitieweontwikkelinghet,m.a.w.kritiesedenkeendieperleerbevorder.Dieondersoekstelhomooktendoelomdieleerdersseondervindingeensieninget.o.v.diegebruikvandieeerstetaalvirwiskundedaartestel.

2.AbigthanksgoestotheProjectfortheStudyofAlternativeEducationinSouthAfricaforitseditorialandpublishingsupporttomakethepassionformother-tongueeducationareality.–SD

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 276 �Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

1. IntshayeleloIsiXhosasidlalaindimaenkuluyayesingundoqokwimfundoyamabangaaphan-tsikwizikoloezaziphantsikweSebelezeMfundonoQeqeshoeNtshonaKoloni(DET).Okukuboniswakuphandooluqhutywekwisikolosamabangaaphantsi(Deyi,2006)entshonaKoloni.

Umbindiwoluphandoulelekwimvakalelonexhalaelibangwaziziphumozabafundiezibi,kwizifundozezibaloeNtshonaKoloni(TIMMS).Loontoida-leukubakushukumeabaziziphathamandlakwezemfundo,abaphandiabangoo-makhwekhwethanabantuabanomdlawezifundongeelwimi(kuzakuthethwangaboethubeni,kwizahlukoezilandelaesi)ukubabenzeimigudunentshukumoyokuzamaukufumanaukubaunobangelawalengxakiuvelaphi.Noluphandolujoliseukuphosaesivivaneniesikukuzamaukuqwalaselalomba.

Oluphandobeluqwalaselaindimaedlalwalulwiminjengendlelayokuqin-isekisaukukhuphelaulwazinokuqondwangokupheleleyokwezifundozezibalongabafundi.UYoungnoAbrahams(2002)baxoxabathiamagamaenzaingqiqonolwimizidalaumcelimngeniyayezingumqoboekuqondweninasekwaziweningokupheleleyongabafundi,nokuxubushaiindlelaezisetyenziswayoekufundeniizifundozezibalongenxayokubazibhalwengolwimiolulumbi,ulwimilwesiNg-esi,ingakumbiiincwadi.

Oluphandoluqwalaseleukwakhanokusebenzisaamagamaenzaingqiqoakhoyoukukhuphelaulwaziolupheleleyonentsingiseloepheleleyonanjengokoamagamalaekulwimiolulumbi,isiNgesiukutsho.Embindiniwoku,kuleleukungacaciswangokupheleleyokwamagamaakhaingqiqo,ngootitshalanazi-incwadieziquletheezizifundo.NgexeshakuqhutywauphandooluukungabikhokwengcacisoepheleleyokuzalwakukungabikhokwamagamaenzaingqiqoezifundozezibalokwisiXhosa,magamalawoantsingiseloingqalileyo;nalawoakhoyoawasetyenziswangokuvamileyongootitshala.Enyeintsusa,ngumsantsaophakathikolwimiolusetyenziswayokumagumbiokufundelanolwimiolusety-enziswaekufundiseninasekufundeniizifundozezibalo.

OotitshalabasebenzisaisiXhosaukukhuphelaulwazikubafundinas-ekwenzenilulaukuqondakumagumbiokufunda.IincwadiezisetyenziswayozibhalwengolwimilwesiNgesikodwangenxayokubaootitshalabeyaziingxakiyokungaqondwakakuhlekolwimilwesiNgesingabafundi,basebenziseisiXhosaukucacisanokufundisaamagamaenzaingqiqo.KwizikoloezininzizamabangaaphantsiisiXhosalolonalwimilusetyenziswayoxakufundiswayayeisiXhosasakhelweekufundiswenikwezifundongokubanzi.UkuxubaisiXhosanolwimilwesiNgesixakufundiswakuvamilekootitshala.

AbafundibajongenenomcelimngeniaphoimizekeloyezifundozezibaloicaciswengesiXhosaukantiizixhobozokufundisaukuqinisekisaukubaimfundoiyaqhubeka,zibhalwengolwimiolulumbikubafundi.Izixhobozokufundisaekuthethwangazoziincwadi,iimviwo,uvavanyo,imibuzoevavanyaulwazinekharityhulamokanyeumquluwekharityulamesikolwenikwisifundongasinye.NangonaulwimilokufundisaisisiXhosa,abafundikulindelekeukubabasombu-

luleiingxakizezifundozezibalongolwimiolulumbi,ulwimilwesiNgesi,bava-vanywababhaleiimviwongolwimiolonjengokosekukhankanyiwengentla.

Kumzamowokuphicothalomba,owayesakubanguMphathiswaweMfundoeNtshonaKoloni,uqulunqeakubizangokuthi“licebolesimosonxunguphalo”(Gaum,A.2003),ukuphuhlisaokoakubizangumgangathoophantsikakhuluwemfundoyezifundozezibalokweliphondo.Isicwangcisosakhesijoliseekut-saleniabafundiabamvelaphiyaboizizikoloezazisakwaziwanjengeDETkunyeneHOR,aphoiziphumozibonisaukubayabangama-28abafundiabaphumelelaizifundozezibalokumgangathoophezululogamaingama-47,5%aphumelelayojikelele.Isicwangcisoesisijoliseukugqalakwezizikolongenxayokuhlakwa-mananiabafundiababhaliselaizifundozezibalo.EliceboliqukaukuqeqeshakwakhonaootitshalanokufakwakweSimemezeloseKharityhulamkaZwelonkeyeZifundozeZibalo.

1.1 IntsusaAbantwanaabaninzikwizikolozaseMzantsiAfrikaabafundiukufundanokub-halangokugqibeleleyongolwimilwabolwenkobe,kananjaloabafundingoku-pheleleyokulwimiolulumbinjengokokunjaloxakujongwaukusetyenziswakolwimilwesiXhosanolwimilwesiNgesieNtshonaKoloni(Bloch,2002).Lombawenziwabanzikukungabikhokonxibelelwanophakathikolwimilwen-kobenolwimiolulumbiolusetyenziswaxakufundiswaezizifundo.InkquboyezeMfundoeMzantsiAfrikayakhiwekukungaphumelelikakuhlekwabafundibamabangaaphantsinaphezulungenxayokubaulwimilwenkobealusetyenziswanjengolwimilokufundisa(Howie,1999;Deyi2006).

Unobangelaoyintsusawoluphandokukufunaukuqondaukubaingabakubakhoumahlukoxaabafundibebhalaumxholoomnyewezifundozezibalongeelwimiezimbiniezahlukileyo,isiXhosanolwimilwesiNgesi.AmagamaenzaingqiqoakulwimilwesiNgesilogamaulwimilokufundisanokucacisaizifundoisisiXhosanelokwabelanangezimvo.

Abafundiababhalengezilwimibasincedengokusazisaiziphumozokubangundoqonokubalulekakolwimilwenkobenamagamaenzaingqiqoekufundeninasekufundiseniizifundozezibalongokuthikuhlalwekumagumbiokufundela,kuqwalaselwaindlelaabafundanabafundiswangayo,ngodliwanondlebeneem-pendulozemibuzoezibhaliweyo.

UndoqowoluphandoyinkxalaboyokufundisaizifundozezibalongesiX-hosakusetyenziswaizixhobo(iincwadizokufundanekharityhulam)ezibhalwengesiNgesi.OkukuqwalaselwakumagumbiokufundelaaphoisiXhosailolonalwimilusetyenziswayo.Abafundibafundiswangaphandlekweencwadizoku-funda(ngomlomo)zemvabanikweamaphephaafotokotshiweyobaphenduleimibuzoebhalwengesiNgesiukuqondaumgangathowokuqondakwabo.

Ngosukuolulandelayo,njengendlelayokubethelelaumsebenzilowoobewenziwe,baphindelakuwobawenzenjengomsebenziwaseklasiningokuthi

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 27� 9Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

baphenduleimibuzoelulabekhunjuzwangobesekwenziwengolwimilwesiN-gesikuguqulelweesiXhosenixabekhangelekangathiabaqondi.Abafundibaphendulangegamaelinyeokanyengesiqwana-qwanasempendulongolwimilwesiNgesi.

Oluphandolubonaiyingxakiintoyokubaulwimilwenkobelwabafundilusetyenziswekwintethoeqhubekayo(njengolwimilomlomo)kodwaulwimilwesiNgesilusetyenziselweukubhala.Umsebenziowenziwanjengomzekelongutitshalaesebenzisaulwimilwabafundilwenkobealukhathalelwaokanyelubonakalaluyinkcithaxeshaxakufikwaekulusebenzisenikwizifundozezibalo.Okukubonakalangokuthialusetyenziswakwiimviwoneemvavanyo.Kusety-enziswaulwimilwesiNgesi.OkukubonakalisaukubanegunyakolwimilwesiN-gesikunesiXhosa.

IziphumozokubhalwengabafundizibonisaukubaphantsikomgangathowokuqondakokusetyenziswakolwimilwesiNgesikubaabafundibaphendulaimibuzoemifutshane,(umzekelo,“yinyani-asiyonyani”)banikeiimpenduloezimfutshane.UlwimilwesiNgesikwiklasiyezifundozezibalolulwimi:

i) lweencwadinamaphephaomsebenziii) lomsebenziwonkeobhalwayongabafundinootitshala,iii)lwemviwoneemvavanyo,iv)amagamaenzaingqiqoafundiswangomlomokulwimilwesiXhosaze

nolwimilokuphathaiklasilufundiswenjalo.NangonaiinjongozoluphandobezikukuqwalaselaukufundiswakwezifundozezibalokwiGreyidiyesi-7,ingakumbi,ngokuphathelenenolwimiolusety-enziswayonjengolwimilokufundisaimibaengeminyeiyeyavela.Mibaleyoibingenantoyakwenzanolwimilokufundisakokoulwimioluchaphazelauku-fundiswanokufundaizifundozezibalongempumelelo,njengeencwadizezifundozezibalo,ulwimiolusetyenziswakuvavanyo,nolwimiolusetyenziswakwiingxoxongexeshaabafundibekumaqela.

OluphandolwakhelwephezukwengcinganekaVygotsky(1962),Setatinabanye(2002),ngcingaleyoithiubaniphambikokubaafundengolwimiolulumbikumeleabenolwaziolupheleleyololwimilwenkobekuqala.Ababaphandinabanye,baphandaiinzimaezimelenenabafundiekusebenziseniamagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozabo.Izifundozezibalonezenzulwaziziqukaamagamaangqalileyonolwimiolungqalileyongokomxholo,yayeloontoikhuthazaootitshalaukubabasebenziseulwimilwezifundozezibalo,nobunci-nanebolwimilwesiNgesikwiiklasizabo(Setatietal2000).

2. Ingcinga ekusekelwe kuyo uphandoOluphandolusekelwekwingcingaevelenabaphandiabaninziabafananooVygotsky(1962)ethi“ukuzeubaniafundengempumelelokulwimiolulumbikukhoimfunekoyokuphuhlisanokwaziulwimilokuqalangokupheleleyokuqala”.LengcingakaVygotskykwakhelwephezukwayouphandoolunan-jengokoibonakaliswangumsebenziwakheuVygotskyka1978,nakokaCum-mins(1984)nabanyebabaphandiabanjengoGxilishe(2002),Mbatha-Dlamini(2003),CALLSSAproject(2005),Deyi(2006).BayibonangasonyeingcingakaVygotskynanjengokobeyibonaingenisoyokuphuhliswakolwimilokuqalakomfundikusisisekosokufundaulwimiolulumbiyayekuqinisekisaimpumeleloyomfundikwimfundo.KuthethwekaninzingalengcingakaVygotsky(1962)yazeyaphicothwangokunzulu,kwizihlokwanaezilandelayongezantsi.Imisety-enzanaengezantsiiyibonisangokupheleleyoingenisoyokwakhelaukufundiswakwezifundozezibalokulengcinga.

2.1 Umba wolwimi kwizifundo zezibaloEsisahlukosibonisaindimaephambiliedlalwalulwimiekufundeninasekufun-diseniizifundozezibalokwiGreyidiyesi-7.Senzauphengululolokosekubhalwengabanyeababhalingombawolwimiekufundeninasekufundiseniizifundozezibalo.Injongoyomphandikukuqwalaselaukubanakokolwimilwenkobe(isiXhosa)ekufundiswenikwamagamaakhaingqiqonamagamaazizihlanga-nisi(linking words),anikaumkhombandlelakwizifundozezibalo.Okukuqukaukubanolawuloolupheleleyolwamagamaasetyenziswayokwizifundozezibalonokuphuhlisaizingalokuphumelelakwabafundikwizifundozezibalo.Luqhube-kalujongenokwakhiwakwamagamaenzaingqiqongesiXhosa,ukunciphisaubunzimaobudalwangamagamaazizihlanganisi,amagamaangumkhombandlela,izivakalisiezidenezihlokoezakhiwengokwamabaliezenzakubekhoukubhidekakubafundi.

AkukhokuphikisananengcingakaNdayipfukamiye(1994:71–95)ethi,amagamaenzaingqiqo-angqalileyonendlelaekusetyenziswangayoulwimingokumiliselwekwiimeko,zingadalaiingxakiezenzaukubaabafundibangakwaziukufikelelakulwaziolupheleleyolwezifundozezibalo(1994:91).Loontoithetheukubakubalulekileukubaabafundibabenolwaziolupheleleyololwimilwabolwenkobeukuzebakwaziukumelananolwimiolusetyenziswakwizifundozabo.Ngeenzamezokujongalombawokungafikelelikulwaziolupheleleyoxaizifundozifundiswaokanyezifundwangolwimiolulumbi,iSebelezeMfundokwiNationalCurriculumStatement(2002)yabekaummiseloaphokuphakanyiswaukuba,kwimfundoyamabangaaphantsiulwimilwenkobelwabafundimalusetyenziswenjengolwimilokufundanokufundisa.Okukwenzelwaukubaabafundibakwaziukutolikaokokufundiswayoukusukakolunyeulwimiukuyakolunye(2002:40).

Kukhoesinyeisiphakamisoesithiaphoabafundikufunekabenzeinguquleloyokusukakulwimilwenkobeokanyelwasekhayaukuzakulwimiolulumbi,loo

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 2710 11Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

ntokumeleyenzekengocoseleloolukhulungokuthi:“ulwimiolulumbilufundis-wekwasekuqaleninjengesifundo.Ulwimilwenkobeluqhubekelusetyenziswangokulinganayonolwimilwesibinikangangoko”(NationalCurriculumState-ment:2002).

ISebelezeMfundongalompapasholikhuthazaukufundisanokufundangolwimilwenkobekubabelubonaulwimi,“lusembindiniwobomibethu”.OkukubonakaliswakumPapashoweNationalCurriculumStatementinLanguages(2002)othi:

Uqhakamshelwano–ukuqhakamshelanangokufanelekileyokwiimekonakwindawoezahlukeneyo.Ezemfundoluphuhliseizixhobozokucinganokuzathuzalwenzelulaukufikelekakwinkcazelo.Ucalucalulolobuhleukudala,ukutolikanokudlalangomfanekisongqondweningentetha,izintoezibonakalayookanyeokubhaliweyo.

(NationalCurriculumStatementinLanguages2002:36)

Abaphandiabaninziabavelayokoluphandobabhalabathiuphuhlisololwimilwenkobesisisekoaphokumelwekwakhelweukufundaimfundoefanelekileyo.Okulandelayokokuthethwangabaphandiabathebaqhubauphandoolubanzingombawokuphuhliswakolwimilwenkobeekufundeninasekufundiseniizifun-doezimagamaenzaingqiqoangqalileyonjengezifundozezibalonezenzululwazi.

UMangena(2002)uthiabantwanaabangama-Afrikabaqhubakakubikwizifun-dozezibalokunabafundibezinyeiintlanga.NgokukaMangena,uphandolweeyuni-vesithilubonakalisaukubaulwimilungowonamqobomkhulukwimpumeleloyabafundi(2002).Ubhalaathi,iingcaphephekwezemfundonazozithi,“ukuphu-nyelelwakokwaziwakolwimiolulumbiluleleekwaziweningokupheleleyokolwimilwenkobe.Ukubakuthekwaphuhliswangokupheleleyoulwimilwenkobekubafundikwakubalulaukubabafundeulwimiolulumbi.Okukuthethaukubakubalulekileukubaubaniafumaneulwimilwakhelweenkobenjengesisekoesipheleleyosoku-fundanokusebenzisaulwimingaphambikokufundiswaulwimiolulumbi.

EzizimvozikaMangenazikhuthazaukomelezwakolwimilwenkobekubafundi,ngaphambikokubabafundiswengolwimiolulumbi.Lombaunikaingqondoepheleleyokubaxaabafundibeqinisekilengolwimilwabokwenzakubelulaukufumanaintsingiselokulwimiolulumbi.Okukuncedaabafundiukubabaqinisekekulwimilwabolwenkobe.Ngexeshabekhangelaintsingiselokulwimiolulumbi,ulwazilolwimiolulumbiluyaphuhla.Loontoayenzekixabefundangolwimiolulumbikuphela.

UGxilishe(2002),uvumelananoMangenaxaesithi,ulwimiluqikelelaim-pumeleloyomntwanaokanyeumfundingamnye(2002).Loontoithethaukubaxaluphuhliswengokupheleleyoulwimilwenkobekululaukufundaulwimiolulumbingokupheleleyokubaolwenkobelungasetyenziswanjengomthombowokufumanaintsingiseloyolwimiolulumbi.Ntoleyoethixaulwimilwenkobelomfundilungaphuhliswanganolulumbialukwazikumncedangokupheleleyo

ekufumaneniintsingiseloyokokufundiswayokubanolwimiolulumbiakalwazingokupheleleyo.Ngeliphandlezombiniiilwimieziaziphuhlikubaumntwanaakukholwimialufundangempumelelo.

UMbatha(2003)nayeuvumelananababhaliaselebekhankanyiwengentlaxaathi,ulwimiolulumbilukhuthazaukuphuhlakokuqonda,xakuthekantiul-wimiabafundiswangaloabafundilwazekangokupheleleyokubo.Uqhubaathi,uthotholophandoolwenziwee-Afrika,ngoNdayipfukamiye(1994)uBamgbose(2000)nabanye,mayelanombawolwimilokufundisa,lubonisafuthilulwelaukubaulwimilwenkobelwabafundilusetyenziswenjengolwimilokufundisa,kubabesithi(abaphandi)ukufundaokwakhelwephezukwesisekoesilulwimilokufundaokanyelokufundisalubonisaimpumeleloekufundiswenikwabafundingolwimilwabolwenkobengaphezukokufundiswangolwimiolulumbi.

Okukubhalwengababhaliabangentlakuthethaukubaukuphumelelakomfundiekuqondeningokupheleleyoulwimilokufundanokufundisakux-homekekeekomelelenikolwimilwabolwenkobe.Lentoithethaukuthixaku-nokuqwalaselwakuphuhlisweumbawolwimilwenkobeekufundiseniizifundozezibalo,abafundibanganekamvaelihlelokuziqondangokupheleleyo.

Ababalandelayongabanyebabaphandiabaphandengokufundanokufundisaizifundozezibalookuphakanyiswekwiincwadiezingqamenenazo.UPimm(1987),uphicothaumbawokubaimoyobudlelwanephakathikwezifundozezi-balonolwimiolusetyenziswaimihlayonkeibalulekileukubaiqwalaselwekubaulwimi(olusetyenziswamihlayonke)lungasetyenziswanjengesisekosokufundi-sa.Okokuthethaukubakungaqalwakwizingaabakuloabafundikusetyenziswaulwimiabazanaloeklasini.LombonouxhaswayingxeloyeNEPI(NationalEducationPolicyInvestigation(1992:13)aphokuthiwaumgaqo-nkquboomt-shawezelwimikwimfundo(languageineducationpolicy)eMzantsiAfrikauyakuqinisekisaukusetyenziswakweelwimizonkeezifundwenizabo,ukuzekubeyingqinisekoyokubaabafundibafikelelangokulinganayokwimithomboyem-fundo,kungakhathalisekiukubabasebenzalwimilunilwenkobe.

UbhalaathiuPimm(1987:50)izifundozezibalozisetyenziswanjengolwimilwezikwekonezafobeukuqondaimiloyenzululwaziyeelwimiukulungisaigamaelakhaingqiqoyezifundozezibalongokuphathelenenolwimiUqhubaathi,akufanelekangaukujongaulwiminezifundozezibalonjengezintoezahlukeneyoendaweniyaloontokumelekujongweukubaulwimilungalungiswanjaninjen-gesiphumosokuzamaukuthethaiingcinganeembono.

UVygotsky(1962)ubhalaathiamagamaenzaingqiqoazakhekelayo(selfdeveloped)aphuhliswaimihlayonkekwincokozemihlangemihlazizaliswayintsingiseloethathwekubomibomntwana.USetatinabanyekwiziphumozophandolwabobathi,kwiiklasiaphokusetyenziswaiilwimiezimbininanga-phezuluukusukakulwimioluthethwayokubangelaingxubakaxaka(complexity)kubaamagamaangasetyenziswayoesikolwenikodwaesetyenziswangabafundi,angangamagamaakulwimiolungeluloolokufundaokanyelokufundisa.Lentoithetheukubanangonakungelulaukuqinisekisauphuhlisololwimilwenkobe

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 2712 1�Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

kodwakumelwekuqatshelwebanziukubakusetyenziswaulwimi(olusety-enziswa)kwizifundozezibalo.

IntethokaVygotskyetheyaphuhliswanguBrady(1970)aphoabhalaathi“amagamaenzaingqiqoangaphuhliswangantlanyefuthiabenonxibelelwanoolu-sondeleyokumavaasenokungakwaziukukhutshelwakwimekoyokufundisaentsha”.

NgokwengcingakaZevenbergen(2002:205)uvumelananoBradyxaesithiizifundozezibalozinesigamaesikhethekeliyoekufunekaabafundibasazingoku-pheleleyoukuzebabengabafundiabagqibeleleyobezifundozezibalo.Uqhubaathi,amagamaamaninziasetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloanentsingiseloembaxakubafundikubaasetyenziswangendlelaeyahlukileyokwezinyeiimekoezingezizoezesikoloBoale(2002:203).

NgokukaZevenbergen(2002),izifundozezibalo,ngelinyeicala,kukufundangonxibelelwanophakathikwamagamanamagamaenzaingqiqo.Kwizifundozezibalokukhokwanamanyeamagamaanentsingiseloeyahlukileyokuxhome-kekakumagamaakhaingqiqoesifundoeso.Xaumfundienganalwazilutyhi-lekileyololudwelwamagamaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibalo,usemngciphe-kweniwokusebenzisalamagamakwimoengeyiyoeyezifundozezibalo,ntoleyoingeyiyoefunwangutitshala.

UkufundaiincwadizezifundozezibalokubalulekileukuzekubelulaukubanolwazilokufundaimifanekisoekhethekileyoeyinxalenyeyeencwadiOrton(1992:135).Okukubalulekilekubaiincwadiezininzizezifundozezibalozifunaubaniokwaziukuguqulelaokokuzotyiweyokwayanyaniswenomsetyenzanaokanyeumbuzoobuziweyo,nanjengokokusetyenziswaimizobonamabaliuku-bethelelaokokufundiswayo.

UHalliday(1975:65)uthi,amagamaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibalo,an-gasetyenziswangokweentsingiseloezihambelananolwimilwezifundozezibalo(ukusetyenziswakolwimilwendalolwezifundozezibalo:ingezozifundozezi-balongokukokwazo),nokuthiulwimikumeleluzichazeluzifezekisengokwaloiinjongozezifundozezibalo(1975:65).

Okukuthethaukuthiamagamaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibalokumeleangabonwanjengamagamaasetyenziselwaizifundozezibalokuphelakokonasekwakheniulwimingokubanzinanjengokoulwiminezifundozezibaloiyintoenyexakubalwakubaubaniufunaulwimiukucinganokudlulisaokokubalwayokwizifundozezibalo.

USetatinabanyebavumelananoHalliday(1976:5)futhibathi,bukhuluubunzimaobuhlangananabafundiekusebenziseniamagamaenzaingqiqo,nan-gonaisisekoiyimekoequbisananamagamalawoenzaingqiqo.Izifundozezibalonezenzululwaziziqukaamagamaangqalekwimekoyolwimiasetyenziswaphan-tsikwayolamagamayayeootitshalabasebenzisaulwimioluphezululolusety-enziswakwizifundozezibalonesiNgesiesingekhongakananieklasini(2003:34).

UPimm(1987:76–9)ucacisangokubanziukubaasikokusetyenziswakwamagamaobugcisaavakalanjengalawoasetyenziswakwisifundoesithilekwabobangathethiololwimi,kodwanamabinzanaathilekwaneendlelazo-

kuxoxaeziyinxalenyeyalamagamazingumcelimngenikubafundi.Ngokutshokwakhe(kwakulencwadi),inxalenyeyokufundaizifundozezibalokukufundaukuthethanjengochwephesha,okokukuthi,usibenziseulwimilwamagcisaukuzeubenamandlaolawuloolupheleleyololuhlulwamagamaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibalo.

Uqhubaathi,iimfunekozendlelaezithilezokuthethangembonozezi-fundozezibalongeelwimiezisetyenziswayo,zikhokelelaekuphuhliseniuluhlulwamagamaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloaphoimekoengeembonozezi-fundozezibalo,izintoneenkqubozingenzekakhona.Xakunokuthikuphuhlisweuluhlulwamagamaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibalo,iintsingiseloezithilezingakhonakulwimiolo.Enyeyendlelaecacemhlopheeyenzaukubaoluluhluluphuhlekukwakhaamagamaakhethekileyoanokusetyenziswangoochwephe-shakwezizifundo.OkukuvelangokucacileyokokuthethwanguAlexander(1997)xaesithiimithomboyolwimilwenkobe(sourcesofprimarylanguage)lwabafundiayomelelangakwaphelaukuzeyamkelekengokupheleleyo(vali-dated)kwiindawozengqesho.Loontokeinikaulwimiolulumbiithubalokux-atyiswangaphezulukolwenkobe(Alexander1997).

Olunyelophandoolwenziwekumagumbiokufundelae-Afrika,aqukaI-IfeProjecteNigeriaesinikaisakhiwonophahlalwengqiqoolwakhelwekuyooluphando.UNdayipfukamiye(1994)uqhubeuphandokwizikolozemfundoyama-bangaaphantsikwizikolozikarhulumenteeBurundi.UphandoololwalujolisekwiGreyidiyesi-5kwizikoloaphoabafundibabefundiswangolwimiiKirundibekwiminyakaemineyokuqalaesikolweni,kwinkquboyeminyakaemithanda-thu.KwiGreyidiyesi-5ootitshalanabafundibebejongeneneengxakiezinkuluzoqhakamshelwanongenxayokutshintshwakolwimilokufundisa.KukwiGrey-idiyesi-5aphoulwimilwesiFrentshibelusetyenziswanjengolwimilokufundisaizifundoaphooluphandolwaphethangokuthi:

UkusetyenziswakolwimilwesiFrentshineKirundingexeshaelinyekwabasisixhoboesinamandlasootitshalanabafundisokumelananomcelimngeniababejongenenawowokufundanokufundiswakwizifundoezifananezembalinasekulawuleniamagumbiokufundela.Imifuziseloyokusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbiniyayeyaqatshelwakwizifundozeelwimi.Umzekelo,kwizifundozezi-baloimisetyenzanayezifundozezibaloibinokusetyenzwangolwimilwesiFrent-shikubaamagamaenzaingqiqoneendlelazokubalabeselezicacisiwengolwimilwenkobe,intonjeabafundibebexelelwaukubabayenzekukucacisaiindlelazokusebenza.

KwacacaukubaukusetyenziswakweKirundikwenzakubelulaukuqondaulwaziolutshaoluzanotitshalaaphoizifundozazisekelezwekwinkcubekoyas-ekuhlaleninjengezifundozeHomeEconomicsnezeMbaliizifundoezazifundis-wangolwimilweKirundi.Ootitshalabebejongenenentloboezimbinizengxaki;kwakufunekabemelenenokufundisangolwimilwesiFrentshiebilulwimilokufundisaizifundofuthikufunekabencedeabafundiukuqinisekisaukubabay-amelananokharityhulamlwezifundookumelebazifundenokulandelautshint-


sholwendlelaekufundiswangayo.Ezindlelazokufundisaziqukaamagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozezibaloneenkquboezicwangciswezadweliswakakuhlenjengemisetyenzanaemincinane.

UNdayipfukmiye(1994)uphethaathikwizikolozamabangaaphantsieBurun-di,ngootitshalabodwaabathibabenendlelaeyenyengokuthibasebenziseiilwimiezimbinixabefundisaukumelananomcelimngeniwoqhakamshelwanoekufun-deninasekufundiseni.Ubhalaathiukusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbinikumelekusetyenziswenjengomthombowabafundinootitshalangokunjalo(ibid:97)lembonoiphindaixinzelelwenguRubagumya(1994:2),othi,ukusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbinikunegaleloekufikelelenikwiindlelazokufundisa,ukwakhiwakolwazikuzozonkeizifundoukuyakulawulolwamagumbiokufundela.Loontoibonakelengexeshakuqhutywauphandonanjengokoootitshalabebesebenzisaiilwimiezimbininjengendlelayokuphumezaokobazaukukwenza.

USchoenfeld(1985),uthinokubaabafundibayakwaziukubanolwaziolu-pheleleyo,ukungaqondwanokutolikwaokungandlelakwegamaelithileokanyeisivakalisiesithilekumbuzo,ingangumqoboekuqondeninasekwakheniindlelaeyiyoyokuchazanokubekangokuthengqoumceli-mngeniabajongenenawo.UCurtisnoMiller(1988:62)bathi,ulwimiludlalaindimaebalulekileyoekuk-wazinikomfundiukwakhaintsingiselelo.Ukufundaamagamaengqiqoambaxanabusicatshulwakuxhomekekeekwazinikomntwanaukusebenzisaulwiminokuzifundelaukusebenzisaamagamaakhoyongendlelaaqiqwangayo(Clarke1988:62).Loontokokwamukubonayenzakubekhoumsantsaphakathikol-wimiolusetyenziswangumfundiekhaya,xaethethanabanyenolwimiolusety-enziswaekufundeniizifundozezibalo.

UStubbs(1987)ubhalaathi,kukhouhlobooluthilelokuzalanaphakathikwezifundozezibalonolwimiolubhalwayo:ukuqiqangokwezifundozezibalokuxhomekekakufinyezo-magamanemiqondiso,ezithizifuneubhalolwamananiukuziphuhlisanokungathungelekingokululakwintethanezifundo(Pimm1987).

Uqhubaathi,amaxeshaamaninzisibanolwaziolupheleleyolwamagamaenzaingqiqongokuthisiwasebenzisekwisigamaesisisebenzisaimihlangemi-hla.Ukufundaizifundozezibalokuxhomekeka,ngelinyeicala,ekusebenziseniimiqondisonokufundangentsingiseloyamagamaakhethekileyo.Unombuzoothiingabalukhonanaunxibelelwanophakathikolwimiolusetyenziswaimihlayonkenamagamaasetyenziswaziingcalikwizifundozezibalo.Uqhubaabuzeukubaingabaukufundwakwezifundozezibalookanyeizifundojikelele,uku-fundanjeukuthethanokubhalanjengengcaliyezifundozezibalookanyeulwimilwesiNgesiolusetyenziswakwizifundozezibalolubanemvakaloyentsingiseloezimbiniolusukelaekusetyenziswenikolwimi.Uvulaingxoxoaphoabuzaukuba,ingabakobubunzimabenzululwaziyeelwiminamagamaakhaingqiqoaphoulwimilwesiNgesiluyingxubevangelubandakanyekakhona,kukhonaukufundaokukukookwenzekayoPimm(1987)

UStubbs(1980:34)ubuchazaubudlelwaneobuphakathikwentethonokub-halwanjengokuqondwakolwimikwiindawoezahlukeneyo.Utyatyadulaathi

“Ngelixaulwimioluthethwayolusetyenziswangokuphangaleleyokwiimekoezah-lukeneyo,okokukuthiukubhalakolwimi,akukhobungozikwintethoxaithathaindawoephambilikunokubhalaezikolweni.”Uqhubekekaathi,,intethakwigumbilezifundozezibalokumabangaemfundoephakamileyoinomkhwawokuthandaukufundisaunxibelelwano(Pimm1987)endaweniyokubaibengezibalo.

USelepe(2002:204)uvumelananoLemme(1995:146)ngokuxoxaathi,ulwimiyeyonandlelaibalulekileyoyokufumanaulwazinokufikelelangokupheleleyokul-wazinobuchule.Uthi,lusisitshixosokuphuhlisaukucingafuthilungaphakamisaokanyeludodobaliseimpumeleloyabafundi.KwilizweelifananoMzantsiAfrikaaphokuthethwakusetyenzisweiilwimiezininzi,iilwimiezahlukeneyozinefutheelinamandlakwizifundo,indlelayokufundisaneziphumozokufunda.Ngaphezulu,xaulwimilunxulunyaniswanohlanga,nequmrhulokuhlalaokanyeibangalomntuekuhlaleni,ulwimilubayingxakienkuluefunaukuqwalaselwa(Owino,2002:204).

USelepe(kwakulencwadi)uqhubaabhaleathi,iingxakizenzululwazingokufundisaezijongenenomfundiwaseAfrikaayizongxakizeenzululwaziyeelwimikuphela,kodwazinonxulumanoolungenakuconjululwakwimibayokuhlalaephangaleleyo.Isiqingathaesingentlasibonakalisangokupheleleyoukubangaphayakolwimilokufundisa,kukhoeminyeimibaephathelelenenoku.Umnqwenowamwokuphicothaumbuzowokusebenzisaiilwimizase-Afrikanjengeelwimizokufundisausukelakulemibaseleichaziwe.

USelepeuqhubaathi“Ukuphuculanokuphakamisaumgangathoweelwimizase-Afrikazibelulwimilokufundisakumelekwenziwe.Kumelekujongweuku-gcinwakolwimilweenkobeibelulwimiolusetyenziswaekufundiseninasekufun-deniokanyekumathubaonxibelelwano.Kungenxayesisizathuaphokubonakalaukubakumeleabafundibase-Afrikabephuhlisiweukomelezaamanyatheloahlukeneyoukuqinisauphuhlisolweelwimizase-AfrikanokuthikwamkelekeiNkcubekoyeSizwe(iAfricanRennaisance).”

U-Wolff(1999:2)uthikukhoiinkangelekoezininzizendimayolwimieM-zantsiAfrikaaphoinzululwaziyeelwimiiphikisanayokodwaakukhompixwanoekuthininjengelizwekazi,i-Afrikayeyonaenikaumfanekisowobungxakangxakabenzululwaziyeelwimi.Ubungxakangxaka(complexity)obubumiselwephezukobungakananibeelwimiezithethwangabantuabangama-Afrika,naphezukw-eyantlukwanoyeelwimizeentsaphonemisebenzieyanyaniswanolwimiolusety-enziswakwakwelilizwelinye,kumaxeshaamaninzi,kwangumntuomnye.

Uqhubaathiumbuzowokusetyenziswakweelwimizase-Afrikanjengeelwimizokufundisaawunakusonjululwangaphandlekokubakuqalwekucacisweindimayezilwiminjengeelwimizokufundisa.Ubhalaathililungelolomntu–ilungelolokufumanaimfundongolwimilwenkobe,kubafundiokanyengolwimiolwaziwangokupheleleyoekuqalenikwaboimfundoWolff(1999:2).Okukucacisango-kumhlopheukubalulekakokomelelakwesisekeloesilulwimilwenkobelwabafundi.Ntoleyoithethaukubakubalulekileukuqinisekisaukubailungelolabolokufu-manaulwazingolwimilwenkobeluyafezekiswakubaokukwandisaamathubaabookuphuhlakwengqiqoyokusebenzisaulwimilwenkobekuqala.


Umbawokucacisaindimayeelwimizase-Afrikanjengeelwimizokufundisangumbaocacileyokakhululowo.Andivumelaninokubakufunekauqwalaselwe.Ngumbaekumeleukubauyasetyenziswakungokunjeekufundiseninasekufun-deni.Ulwiminobuzweziyahambelanangokokeakukhokuthandabuzaukubaiilwimizase-Afrikazinakoukusetyenziswanjengeelwimizokufundisaukuq-insekisaukubaubaniunelungeloelipheleleyolokusebenzisaulwimilwenkobekuwoonkeamanqanabaokuphila,njengasekhaya,esikolweni,kwindawoyokusebenza,njalo-njalo.Kokwamukubonakukuqinisekisauphuhlisooluphele-leyo,okokuthethaukuthi:

i) ukufundisangolwimilwenkobe,ii) ukuvavanyaabafundingolwimilwenkobe,iii)ukubhalaiincwadizeenkalozonkezezifundongolwimilwenkobelwaba-

fundi,umzekelo,ukubhalwakwencwadiyezifundozezibalongesiXhosa.UBamgbose(2000:79),uthiumbawokuqwalaselwakolwimilwenkobekuba-fundiuleleekuthiniizixhobozokufundisaezisetyenziswayozinefutheelihlekusininaekuphumezeniimfundo.

Uthiilulwazikumntuwonkeukubaumbawolwimiawuluchaphazeliulwimilokufundaokanyeukufundisa,kokonezixhoboezihambelanoko,njengolwimiekubhalwengaloiincwadi,ulwimilovavanyonjalonjalo.Okukubonisaukubaukuphumelelaizifundozezibalokuxhomekekekulwimilokufundisanoluthilunikweifutheziimekoekufundiswaphantsikwazoezifananobukhobezixhoboezihambelananoku.Okukubonakalakakhulukwiimekoaphokufundiswangol-wimiolungeluloolukatitshalakunyenabafundingokubanzi.

KwelinyeicalauBamgbose(2000:79)uthiukusetyenziswakolwimilwase-Afrikanjengolwimilokufundisakwiminyakaemithathuyokuqalakwisikolosamabangaaphantsiakuhambingaphandlekweengxaki.Kukhoamaxeshaaphoulwimioluthethwangutitshalalwahlukilekoluthethwangabafundi.UthiootitshalabeelwiminokubalulwimilwesiNgesiokanyeiilwimizase-Afrikamababesemboniselweniyendlelaethileyokufundisaiilwimijikelelenasekufundiseniokungqalileyo.Uthiukusebenzisaulwiminjengolwimilokufundisakuthethaukubanolwazilwesigamasokufundisaezinyeizifundokololwimi.

Lentoithetheukubakubalulekileukunikaingqwalaselangokuthiabafundibafundisweulwimiololungqamenenezifundozabongaphambikokungenanzulukwisifundongasinyeukuthintelaukubhidekanempixwano.Ukunga-luqwalaselingokupheleleyoulwimilokufundisalubangwakukubaakukhongqwalaselaingakoenikwayokumbawootitshalaabasebenzisaiilwimizaseAf-rikanjengolwimilokufundisa(Bamgbose2000:79).

IziphumoezifanayonezisezikhankanywengentlazeprojekthiyaseMalingo1985(Mbatha:22003)neprojekthiyeThresholdeMzantsiAfrikango1990(Mbatha:2003)ithiabafundibabengakwaziukucacisangolwimilwesiNgesiokobakwaziyongolwimilwabolwenkobe;okanyebakhuphelekulwimilwabolwen-

kobeulwaziolutshaabalufumeneyo,abalufundengolwimilwesiNgesi(Luckett1994 cited in DAE1996:11).

IprojekthiefanayonengentlangokwengxelokaMlamanoMateru(1978)kumabangaemfundoephakamileyoyayijolisekumkhombandlelaofanayo.KwabonakaliswaukubaxaabafundibebuzwaimibuzongolwimilwesiNgesi,im-pendulosolokoingeyiyokwaphelafuthiingangqamaninombuzo.XalombuzomnyeubuzwengesiSwahili,abafundibanikaiimpenduloezizizofuthiezingqa-meneyonombuzo(DAE1996:11).Ngendlelaeyinenekodwaengaqondakaliyo,imfunekoyokusebenzisaiilwimizaseAfrikanjengeelwimizokufundisaizifundoingabonakaliswangenzululwaziyokufundisakwizikoloaphoulwimilwasemzinilusetyenziswanjengolwimilokufundisaumzekeloiyakubalulwimilwesiNgesi.Nabaninaoqwalaselaindlelayokufundisa,ngokwalengxelo,ingakumbikwiz-ikolozamabangaaphantsiangaqaphelaeyonantsomikubaulwimilwesiNgesilulonalwimilokufundisaizifundo.Iqhubekaithibanqabileootitshalae-AfrikaabangaguqukelikolunyeulwimixabefundisabazebaqapheleukubaabafundiabaqondingokupheleleyongolwimilwesiNgesi.

Ithikeloontoootitshalabaphindaimibuzongolunyeulwimiolu-lulwimilwenkobekubafundiokanyeabalwaziyoabafundi,futhiloontoibenzebayiphen-dulengaphandlekokuthandabuzaimibuzo.Ngokoke,ngokoluphando,ixeshaelaziwangokubalelokufundaisifundosolwimilwesiNgesikuphela,lijikalibelixeshaaphokusetyenziswaiilwimiezimbinizokufundisaizifundo.ZibanolwimilwesiNgesikunyenolwimilwase-Afrikaolunyenangaphezuluulwaziolo(lweel-wimizaseAfrika)kwabelwanangalongutitshalanomfundi(DAE1996:11).

UGardener(2001)ugxininisaumbaothi,abantwanaabafundaulwimilwenkobengaphambikokubabaqaleisikolobafumanakunzimaukumelananokufundangolwimiolulumbi.Uthiukufundaulwimilwesibiningenjongoyokukhuthazaimfundoukucinganengqiqokubandakanyaukwazingokuphe-leleyointsingiseloyamagamaendawo,arhangqeulwimiolo.Abafundiabagcineulwimilwabolwenkobe,ngokubonakwakhe,nabaphuhlisaamagamaenzaingqiqobangconoekufikeleleninasekuphumelelenikwinqanabaeliphezululemfundoyabo.NgokwamukubonalombonokaGardener(2001)usakhuthazaukuphuhliswakolwimiolulumbiendaweniyolwimilwenkobelwabafundintoleyondingavumelaninayo.Uphandoolwenziweyongabaphandiabaninziaselebekhankanyiweluvumelanangamxhelomnyeukubaukuqondangokupheleleyokuleleekwaziniulwimilwenkobelwabafundi,ngokupheleleyo.

OluluvolukaGardener(2001)luxhaswangowayesakubanguMphathiswawezeMfundouNjingalwazi,uKaderAsmal(1999)aphoathi,kumelekubekhoinkquboemiselweyoyolwimikwimfundoukuqiniselaukusetyenziswakweelwi-mizonke.Ngamanyeamazwiabafundikumelabagcineukusetyenziswakol-wimilwabolwenkobe,baqhubengokulusebenzisakodwangaxeshanyebafundeulwimilokufundanokufundisa(1999).

Kubalulekileukubaabafundibafundiswengeelwimizabo,kubaokokwenzakubelulaukubambaamagamaenzaingqiqongokupheleleyo,ngokululanan-


gokukhawuleza.Ikharityhulamkumeleiboneleleiilwimiezahlukeneyongeel-wimiabafundiabezanazoesikolweniukusukaekhayakubazingumthomboobalulekileyo(Lee2003).Abafundiabasukakumakhayaaneelwimiezininziezisetyenziswayobezaesikolwenibenolwazioluziilwimizabonenkcubeko.

IiklasizezifundozezibalozifumanainkxasokwingcingakaVygotsky(1978),aphoathiukufundisanokufundayinkquboyobugcisakulwimiezalanangokunzulu.Ntoleyoithikubalulekileukubuqaphelangokupheleleyoubudlelwaneobuphakathikolwiminezifundozezibalo.Uqhubaathiisikoloyindawoeyenzazonkeiintlobozezintoezikhokelelakulwazilwezingaeliphezuluolwahlukileyokololufunyanwakubomibemihlangemihla,ekudlaleniokanyeemsebenziniVygotsky(1978)

NgokukaVygotsky(1978),ukufundanokuyalelakwizingaeliphezulukuk-hokelelakuphuhlisolokusebenzisaingqondonokucinganzuluokanyephangale-leyokwelinyeicalakuphuhlisolwentoayibizangokubayinzuluwaziyamagamaenzaingqiqo(Vygotsky:1978).Ukufundaintsingiseloentshayamagamaayen-zekingamavangqongezintookanyeisehlo,kokongokufundaindlelaemisiweyoyamagamaenzaingqiqo.UVygotsky(1978)wahlukanisaphakathikwamagamaenzaingqiqo“enzululwazi”namagamaengqiqo“azakhekelayo”,lawoenziwamihlayonkekwizintoesizenzayo.

NgokukaVygotsky(1978),amagamaenzaingqiqoenzululwaziayinxalenyeyendlelaemisiweyoyamagamaenzaingqiqoyayeakhiwengabomfuthiayazeka.Ukuphikisananoku,amagamaenzaingqiqoazakhekelayo,awamiselwangayayeave-langenxayamava.Nangonakunjalo,amagamaenzaingqiqoenzululwazinamagamaenzaingqiqoazakhekelayo,ayasebenzisanaanikananefuthe(Adler,1997).

UButhelezi(1989:38-60)ugqibakwelithi,“ulwimilwesiNgesiolusety-enziswaesikolwenilulwimiolusetyenziswakuphelaezifundweni,alubancedingantoekukwaziniukuqhakamshelanangokupheleleyo;ntoleyoebaxakileyonecacegcakwizifundozenzululwazinezibaloaphoootitshalabehlangananemiqoboekufundiseniicalalolwimilwezizifundo,kodwaabaziukubabaqubisanenjaninezimfuno(Clarke,1991:5).

UReynolds(1991:5)nayeuthi,umyingewokutshonakwabafundiizifundozezibaloubangelwakukungabinalwazilupheleleyolootitshalaekufundiseniezizifundo(OFSTED,1998;NFER,1996).UphandolukaMillernoBaker(2001:40)lwafumanisaukubaimipoposhokaReynolds(1991:40)yokubaindlelaabafundiabaqhubangayokwezizifundoyayanyaniswanokungabinalwazilupheleleyokootitshalangezizifundokwizifundozezibalonenzululwaziiyinyani.Ngokweziphumozabo,ulwimilwesiNgesieklasinilwaludityaniswaokanyelusetyenziswakancinciefundiseniokanyeekufundwenikolwimiol-ungqalileyolwezibalo.Ootitshalababengenayoinzululwaziyeelwimiukucacisaamagamaenzaingqiqo.Reynolds(1991:5)

UPimm(2002:18)evumelananoBrady(1970),uZevernbergen(2003:205),uOrton(1992:135),nabanyeabaphandiuthiutitshalawezifundozezibalokufu-nekaabenolwazilwendlelaolwakhiwengayoulwiminemiloyolwimiequlethemagamaasetyenziswayokwizifundozezibalo.UvumelananoSetatinabanye

(2002)xaesithi,inxalenyeyokufundaizifundozezibalokukubanamandlaokuphathaokanyeukwazingokupheleleyoamagamaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloezibanamagamaathiasetyenziswengendlelaeyahlukileyokweyaziwayo,njengala:incwadienye,ookrebeababini,iibhlokozethawaezilishumielinethoba,asebenzanjengamagamaaziziphawulikubomibemihlangemihla.Kodwa,ajikaabezizibizokwizintoezisetyenziswayokwizifundozezibalo,njengokubazibemnqakathi,zibengoonombiniokanyeinanielingenakwahlulwa.

NgokutshokukaStrevens(1976:58),xaumfundiwezifundozenzululwaziethethaulwimiolungekalungiselwaiinjongozokufundisa,ukufundakwakhengolwimilwesiNgesikuquletheiingxakiezongezelelweyoekwazininasekuqon-deni.Akakwaziukuguqulelakulwimilwakhelokuqalaukusombululaintandabuzoanayo(Clarke,1991:5).EzinyezeencwadiezithezaphononongwakuphandongemfundoyamabangaaphantsizibonakalisaubukhulubokufundisangolwimilwenkobekubafundikusetyenziswaulwimilwesiNgesiukubala.KwacacaukubaxaabafundibebuzwaimibuzongolwimilwesiNgesiimpenduloayidibaninalentoibuzwayofuthiayinikintsingiselo,ibonakalisaukungawuqondiumbuzookanyeukubanakoukuphendulangolwimilwesiNgesi.UMamlanoMaterubathixalombuzomnyeubuzwangesiSwahili,kwimekoyaseTanzania,abafundibaphen-dulangendlelaechanekileyonenikaintsingiselo(Qorro,1999).URoy-CampbellnoQorro(1997)noQorro(1999:95)babhalabathi,ukuyakwiipesentiezingama-95zabafundibemfundoyamabangaaphakamileyo,abakwaziukufundanokub-halaiincwadiezibhalwengolwimilwesiNgesinangonabencedwangootitshala.AbaphandieTanzaniabayavumelanabathiimfundoyamabangaaphakamileyoeTanzaniaisekelwephezukolwazioluxhomekekeencwadini.

UQorro(1992:92)uthi,ukungakwazikwabafundiukufundakubonakalakakhuluekubhalenikwimfundoyenqanabaeliphakamileyo.Ubhalaathiloontoidalwakukubaisilabhasiigxininisakakhuluekusetyenziswenikwesimosegramangaphandlekokusebenzisaindlelaolusetyenziswangayoulwimikuqhakam-shelwano.UQorro(1992:92)uthiezikolwenizaseTanzania,ootitshalababhalaokokusencwadinikunjalobazeabafundibabhaleencwadiniendaweniyoku-basebenzisakumsebenziobenzabacingebanziaphobanokubhalangezintoaba-zaziyo.Uthiphantsikweemekoezinjaloabafundiabanayoinzululwaziyolwimienikaumdlabafumanekunzimaukusukakwizikhokeloabazinikiweyo.

UMartin-Jones(1995:90)uthi,izintoezidalakukhethweukusetyenziswakolwimioluthileokanyeiilwimiezimbiningaxeshanyeeklasinizimbaxaukubazingamiselwangabasekibemithethoekumiselwekuyoulwimilokufundisa.Uthiuphandoobelusandulaukwenziwa(Arthur1996),lunikeingqaleloyemekoyaseklasiniaphoindlelayokusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbiniekulawuleniiklasiinegalelokumsebenziwonxibelelwanoowenziwangootitshalanabafundiezikla-siniaphokusetyenziswaiilwimiezimbiniukufundisa(1995:90).

Okokuthethaukubaootitshalabasebenzisaiilwimiezimbininjengendlelayokunxibelelananabafundi.Olwamuluvongalombaluthiokuakuqinisekisiukubalukhonaulwimiolwaziwangokupheleleyongabafundi,phantsikwemeko


enjalo,kuba,xabethibesamameleulwimilokuqalaolungomelelangangokugqi-beleleyokusetyenzisweulwimiolulumbingaxeshalinyekubakhoimpixwano.Impixwanolekokwamukubonaidalwakukubainkoleloyamyokufundaulwimiithixakuthethwangolwimiolulumbiubaniuqalaakhangeleintsingiselongol-wimilwenkobengaphambikokubaaqondengokupheleleyoukubakuthethwangantoni.Lenkoleloindenzandicingeukubaabafundiabakweziklasibafundangalendlelainye.Ndiwubonaingumsebenziongekholulakubandikholelwaekuthinibathathaixesha(abafundi)befunaintsingiselontoleyoibenzaban-gomelelinakoluphinaulwimi.

U-Auer(1995)uthiootitshalasolokobebhenelaekusetyenziswenikweel-wimiezimbiningaxeshanyeekuzameniukulawulaunxibelelwanoeklasini.Bakwenzaokongelizamaukwahlukanisaphakathikolwimilokufundisanoloku-lawulaiklasi.Abaphandiabajongenenokusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbiningaxeshanyeeklasini(codeswitching)banikeingqalelokwakhonabazabaya-manisaukusetyenziswakolwiminobugcisanendlelaabathandangayoabama-meli.NtoleyoenikwaifutheyindawonemoekusetyenziswakuyoulwimioloAuer(1995)).Loontokokwamukubonayenzakungabikholwimilusisigxinaolusetyenziswayokubaubaniuzakhelaokokulungeleyenangeloxeshaelawulwayimekoyaloondawoasukubaethethaekuyo.

Xakuthethwanje,abanyeootitshalabanikaingxeloethiabazisebenzisiiilwimiezimbiningaxeshanyeeklasinikubazingadalaukubhideka.Nangonakunjalo,ootitshalabazibonabenyanzelekileukusebenzisaukuguqulelaolunyeulwimikolunyeukuzebafundisengemfezekookobajongeukufundisa.U-Ar-thur(1994,1996and2001)uthi,ootitshalaawabaqwalaselabefundisakwiiklasizaseBotswanababesebenzaphantsikweemekozenkxalaboezaziphantsikox-inzelelolwesikolonolawulolokusetyenziswakolwimi.Okokukuthi,ukusety-enziswaokukhethekileyokolwimilwesiNgesieklasini,nokufundisangokukukonokubanolwaziekusebenziseniiilwimiezimbiningaxeshanyeStroud(2002:46)kwakungaqinisekisiukufumanaulwaziolupheleleyokubafundi.Okukwakusen-ziwakukubaakukhokuqinisekaukubaabafundibaphumanolwaziolupheleleyololwimingalunyekwezisetyenziswangaxeshanye.NgokukaArthur(2000),lendlelayokusetyenziswakweelwimiayizangeibenamiphumelailungileyokubaabafundibabengafundilulwimiluthile.Babefumanaucuntsuwolunyeulwimintoleyoyayidalaukubakungaphuhlinalunyekwezilwimizazisetyenziswa(Stroud2002:46).

UBamgbose(2000:88)ubonaukuba,indlelaabalubonangayoulwimiabantuluy-ayichaphazelaindlelaabayikhethangayoindlelayokusetyenziswakolwimi.Uhambisaathi“Abantuabaninzibafikeleleekwamkeleniintoyokubaimfundo“yenene”ingafun-yanwangolwimilwehlabathijikelelenjengolwimilwesiNgesi.Nembonoethiumnt-wanaangafumanantoxaenokuthikwimfundoyakheyamabangaokuqalaafumaneulwimilwakhelwenkobeiyaphikiswaluninzikubazaliabafundileyo.”

UStroud(2002)ucacisaathi,iinzamezokusebenzisaulwimilwenkobezitshabhiswazizixhobozokufundaezikumgangathoophantsi,uqeqeshool-

uncinanelwendlelazokufundisakusetyenziswaiilwimiezimbininjengeelwi-mizokufundisaneenkcubekoezingaphezukwesinye,nontlithwanophakathikwendimaedlalwangootitshala,iimfunozesikolonobubonababafundinootitshala.Zithathwenjengengcinganeyokufundanjengokokubhaliwekokuqulethweyikharityhulam.Ezizintozikhankanyiweyozenzaukubaulwimioluthathwanjengolonaluphezulukuloondawolubelolonalusety-enziswanjengolwimilokunikaimiyaleloimihlayonke.Ustroud(2002:46)uphawulaathi:

Intoyokubaukufundisakugxininisekwaqhelaniswanokusetyenziswakweelwimiezithathelwaphezulukangangokubabambalwaabafundiabaphumelelangoku-pheleleyoesisesinyesezizathuezibangelaukubalukhuninokubanokungaqondingokupheleleyokwendlelaekufundiswangayoeklasini;xaabafundibenganakoukunikaiimpenduloezingqalileyo,unxibelewanooluninzieklasiniluqubisananembonakaloyohlobooluthilelwesimo.

Lengxoxoingentlaibonisaukubalulekanokubalulekakolwimiekufundiseni.Ntoleyoithethaukubakubalulekileukufundisaabafundiulwimiolwayamenenemoleyoyezifundoabahlanganayokubaokokuyakwenzakubelulaukumela-nanezifundozabo.Ukufundisangolwimiolulumbiakwenzikubelulaukuqonda.Loontoithethaukubamakugxininisweukufundangolwimilwenkobeukuzeunxibelelwanophakathikwabafundi,ootitshalanokokufundiswayokuqondwengendlelaefanayo,ngootitshalanabafundi.

UmcholacholiweendabakwezemfundoweCape Argusubhalaathi(2003:6)“YiminyakaemithathuemvakokubaabafundibaseMzantsiAfrikabaphumaekugqibelenikuvavanyolwamazwengamazwengo1999,abakak-waziukwenzaizifundozabozezibalo.”Unikaingxeloethiiindidiezimbinizovavanyoziboniseukubaabantwanabethubasasokolaukuqondangoku-pheleleyoizifundozezibaloeziseqondwenielisezantsi.Uvavanyolokugqibelabelujoliswekubafundiabali-100abasukakwizikolozaseNtshonaKoloninolufumaniseukubaukubhidekakuqalekumabangaamathathuokuqalaesikolweni”.

Ngokombhaliweliphepha,uphandoolwenziweyiJointEducationTrustkunyakaka2001,aphoabafundibeGreyidiyesi-3bavavanywakusetyenziswauhlobooluthilelomsebenziekubaleni,ukuhlengahlengisa,ukudibanisaekutha-batheninasekuphindaphindeni.Eyonanqontsonqaeyafunyaniswayololuphandoyabakukubaulwazilwabanyeabafundiluphelelaekudibaniseniama-naniamabini.Ukwazikwabafundiukudibanisanokuthabathaamananikwehlangokukhawulezaxaamananiasetyenziswayoekhula”.

Ngokutshokwakheabafundibasokolangakumbixabedibanisaamananiekwakufunekaathwalweasiwekwelinyeicalanjengenaniu-100.Ngokwalombhali,iSebelezeMfundolizimiseleukwenzauvavanyoolubizwangokuba“luvavanyokuxilonga(diagnostictest)”ukulandelaindlelaabafundiabasebenzangayokweziGreyidi-3,6nakwa-9kwiminyakaelandelayo.


2.2 Isiphetho Uninzilwababhaliabangentlanjengokosekucatshulwengumphandilubonisantonyeabavumelanangayonababhalaphezukwayo,ukubalulekakokwaziwangokupheleleyokolwimilwenkobengabafundinootitshalakwizifundongoku-banzi.Okokwenzaukubakubekhoisisekoekunokusetyenzelwakusoxakuthet-hwangokuphuhliswakolwimilwenkobe.Okunyeabakugxininisayokukubal-ulekakokuqondaukuba,ulwimiolulumbialunasisekeloxaulwimilwenkobelungaziwangokupheleleyo.

Ukwazinokuphuhlisangokupheleleyoulwimilwenkobekulombakuthethaukufundangalo,ukubhalanokuthikubekhoiincwadizeenkalozezifundoezib-halwengolulwimi,umzekeloukubhalwakwencwadiyezifundozezibaloenoku-setyenziswangabafundinotitshala.Okokwakuqwalaselwabanzikwisahlukoesilandelayonanjengokosinikaisakhiwosophandoesiqukaimvelaphinendawoekuqhutywekuyouphandonezizathuzoko.

�. Ukuqhutywa kophandoKwelibinzanalilandelayokuzakuthethwangendlelaekuqokelelwengayoulwaziukuzeoluphandolubeyimpumelelo.Okokuqukauhlobolophandoolusetyenzisiweyo,iindlelazokuqhubauphando,ulwimiolusetyenziswaesikol-weninolwimilokuqhubauphandokunyenenkquboyophando.

�.2 Uhlobo lophando olusetyenzisiweyoOluphandoluqhutywenjengophandolohlobo(qualitative)kubaluqwalaseleinkquboyabafundiekuzameniukuqondaizifundozabobanzingaphezulukwesiphumosophando.Lenkquboiqwalaselaubucukubhedeneenkcuka-chaezipheleleyongezintoezingqalileyo,CliffordGeertz(1973).Oluphandolohlobolubekauxinzelelokwindlelaabafundiababonangayoizintoekufundenikwabo,eyonanjongoiphambiliyingcacisoenzulunokuqondaizigigabanezehlozokufundakwimonganyeBabbienoMouton(2001:306).

Undoqokukuqondaukusetyenziswakolwimiekufundeninasekufundiseniizifundozezibalokwimoengqalileyoingekukoukuyijonganjekwingcingaen-genamgqaliselakwisifundoesi.Inkquboyophandolohloboamaxeshaamaninziinentelekelelokwindlelaoluqhutywangayo,imiphumelaikukwakhaiingcingaezingaqinisekiswangaezintshaneengcingangokubanziBabbienoMouton,(2001).Kulemeko,iindlelaekufundiswangazoeklasinizindlelaabafundangazoabafundiekumelwezondelwezibhalwephantsi.

Oluhlobolophandoluqinisekisaukubakuxoxwabanzingokuhlalutywakwengxelo.Oluhlobolophandoluzamaukubonisanokucacisaukubaulwimilusembindiniwokufundisakwezifundozezibalo,ntoleyoyenzaukubaoludidilophando(uphandolohlobo-qualitative)lubelolonalulungeleukusety-enziswa.

�.� Iindlela zokuqhuba uphando Iindlelazokuqhubauphandoibezeziqinisekisaukubaingxeloefunekayouku-phumelelisaoluphandoizakuphuma,ndlelaleyoiyakuthiiyicacisengokuphe-leleyoindimaedlalwalulwimiekufundeniizifundozezibalo.Ezindlelaziqinise-kisaukubaucacangokupheleleyoumbawokuzamaukufikelelangokupheleleyokwabafundi,kulwazilwezifundozezibalo.

Iindlelazophandoezisetyenzisiweyokwinkquboyokwenzauphandozikhet-hwekubazenzakubelulaukuphandanzulukungqalweencaminiyobunjanibeklasiyezifundozezibalongaphandlekophazamiseko.Okokuthethaukubaezindlelabeziqinisekisaukubaabafundibayayonwabelaindlelaabathebabanda-kanyekangayokoluphandokubaibingoyikisikwaphela,bebephendulaim-ibuzoebuziweyobecaciselweukubaizakuncedantoni.Bakonwabeleukufundaizifundozezibalongolwimilwenkobekungekhontoyenzaukubakubenzimakokobevunyelwaukubuzaimibuzo,baphakamiseolwabouluvolusetyenziswe


ekwakhiwenikoluphando.Nangonaubaniengenakoukutshongokupheleleyoukubalendlelaisetyenzisiweyoyokuqhubauphandoyeyonayona,ukufumanaulwaziolufunwayo,bezikhonaizithintelokodwaubaniangafunaindlelaeyenyeyokumelananokoukuzeingxeloeqokelelweyoingafumanekiigwenxaxakusen-ziwauhlalutyo.

Ingxeloyaqokelelwangezindlelazilandelayonjengezixhobozokuphanda:i)Amaphepha-mbuzoamabini–elabafundinelootitshala.Udliwanondlebe

ngaphambinasemvakokubhalaiimvavanyozezifundozezibaloii)Ukubhalwakokuboniweyoeklasiningexeshakufundiswaeklasiniiii)Iimvavanyo

Kubhalwebanzingeendlelazokuqokelelauphandongezantsiaphokucuku-lwekwazekwacaciswaisihlokwanangasinyekwezizingentla.Iindidiezimbinizamaphepha-mbuzozakhiwanjengenyeyeendlelazokuqokelelaingxelo.Lamaphepha-mbuzoabhalwengesiXhosanolwimilwesiNgesi.Iphepha-mbuzoliquletheiimpenduloezingu,“ewe”no“hayi”neempenduloezivulelekileyoaphoootitshalanabafundikulindelekeukubabanikeingcacisoaphoifunekakhona(IsihlomeloAandB).Amaphepha-mbuzoakhethwanjengenyeindlelayokuqhubauphandoechazwengcononguGilesnabanyeabathi:iindlelaabalu-bonangayoulwimiabafundinootitshalalulinganiswengempumelelongokuse-benzisangqoamaphepha-mbuzokuqwalaselengqoukuvavanywakolwiminokukhethwakweelwimingabafundi,umzekelo,kwezilwimizimbiniluluphiulwimiolusetyenziselwainjongokwiimekoezithile,olukhethayoGiles(1983).

Ukulungiselelaiinjongozoluphandoiphepha-mbuzolizamaukufumanisaulwimiolunokuthilukhethwengabafundinjengolwimiabathandaukufundangaloizifundozezibalo.Okunyekukuba,ingabaabafundibanolwaziolunzulunolukhethekileyolwamagamaenzaingqiqonamagamaasetyenziswayoeku-fundiswenikwezifundozezibalo.Iphepha-mbuzolibanikeixeshalokucingabanziabafundingeempenduloabazinikayokungakokufunekebegqibezeleamaphe-phambuzongexeshalabo.

Iphepha-mbuzoelakhiweukuqokelelaingxelokootitshalabelunenjongoenyeukwenzaindlelayokuqhubauphandoibelula,ngokuthiootitshalaaba-zaliseamaphepha-mbuzobebesukakwizikoloezahlukeneyo.Loontoyenzeukubaamaphepha-mbuzoashiyweesikolweni,ajongwekunyenootitshalaabo,anduleukuphendulangexeshalakhe.Bekululaukushiyanokuqokelelaamaphe-pha-mbuzo,utitshalabebengekhophantsikoxinzelelolokubabawazalisengokonangoko.Iphepha-mbuzoliquletheimibuzoevulelekileyoaphoutitshalabeku-meleacaciseukubaukhethaluphiulwimilokufundisaizifundozezibaloanikenezizathuzakukhethileyo.Bekukhoimibuzoengo,“ewe”no“hayielandelwasisicelosokuzathuzaezompenduloazinikileyo.

Udliwanondlebeolwakhiwengendlelayokubhalaimibuzoengagqibekangalwasetyenziswanjengenyeyeendlelazokuqhubauphando(IsihlomeloAnoB).Ukubalulekakophandolohlobokuphandokukhokeleleekuthiniudliwanon-

dlebelubeyeyonandlelaisetyenziswayoukufumananokuphandisisaeyonangxelonolwaziolufihlakeleyonolungacingelekanga,kanyeolulwenzaukubauphandolubeyimpumelelo.Kulemekoinikaindlelaethileabathibabonengayoizintongokolwazinenkoleloyabobathathainxaxhebakuphandongokunxulumenenesifundoesikuphandwangaso.Ngokweenjongozoluphandoudliwanondlebeluncedaukuqinisekisaukubaasikhiemoyenixasithethangesifundosezibalokokosithethangezintoezingqalileyonezithengqokuso,sijongaukubalulekakokosikholelwakukokwesisifundo,singenengqoemxholweni.

UkusebenzisaudliwanondlebengokutshokukaFerreira(1988:213)ngoku-catshulwanguBabbienoMouton(2001:306),sesonasikrweqesibalulekileyo,ekuzameniukufumanaolonalwazinentsingiseloeyimfihlonjengasekufundis-wenikwesifundosezibalo.Udliwanondlebeluncedeumphandiukubaabenol-wazilweentsingiselozengxeloayinikwengabobathatheinxaxhebakoluphandonokuthiabuzeimibuzoengachithangaxeshaxakukhontoithileengaqondaka-langa.Iimpenduloezingangqalangaesihlokwenizihlalutywengokuthikwakhi-weimibuzoecuthaukungangqalimbuzweniokanyesihlokwenikuzekuphumeiimpenduloezingqalileyo.

Ixeshalokudlanaindlebenabafundilicelwekutitshalawezifundozezibalo.Abafundiabathibathathainxaxhebakoluphandobabethathelwaecaleninga-phandlekweklasi.Bebesiwamhlawumbiegumbinilootitshalaokanyebathathwengexeshalokudlala(ukubethakwentsimbiyokuqalamayelanecalaemvakwen-tsimbiyeshumi).Ngexeshakusenziwaudliwanondlebekunyenaboutitshalaebeqhubaneklasingokuthienzeizilungisozomsebenziwasekhayaabedlangoku-wunikezelangosukuolwandulelaololodliwanondlebe.Ukusebenzisananotitshalakuqinisekiseukuhambakakuhlekwezintokuqukaukucwangcisaumsebenzingendlelaeyenzaukubaabafundibakudliwanondlebebangaphoswantointsha.

Emvakodliwanondlebelokuqalakwabhalwauvavanyokwizifundozezi-balo.Ntoleyoyakhokelelakudliwanondlebelwesibini.Oluudliwanondlebelwalujoliseekufumaneniukubaindlelaabafundiabacingangayongokufundiswaizifundozezibalongolwimilwabolwenkobeijikilenaemvakokubhalauvavanyongolwimilwenkobe.Okubekuzamaukuqinisekisaukubaabafundibacingabanzingeempenduloabazinikayo.

3.2.1 Ukubhalwa kokuboniweyo (iinowuthsi)Ukuqwalaselaokokufundiswayonokufundwayongexeshakufundiswaizifundozezibalongenjongoyokuzibonelaokokwenzekaeklasini:

i) Ulwimilokufundanokufundisa.ii) Indlelaabazakuthathangayoizifundozezibalokulwimiezifundiswa

ngalo,iii)Ubungakananibokuqondangokupheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqo

afundiswaeklasininolwimilokufundisangenjongoyokukhuphelaulwazi.


Eyonantoinzimayayikubangumntuwangaphandlengexeshaumphandiaham-belaiiklasingethubaesajongaindlelaekuqhutywangayoeziklasini.Kwiintsukuzokuqalakwakululaukugcinaisihlalosomhambinombukelikodwasalahlekaethubeni.Konkeokuqatshelweyongethubakuhanjelwaeziklasikwabhalwaphantsiukuncedakuzokubalulaukunikaingxeloepheleleyoyengxeloeqokele-lweyongexeshalohlalutyo.Umcamangowokubhalaphantsiokokuqaphelekayoyayikukubonaukubakukhoubudlelwaneobubonakalayophakathikokokunikwanjengeempendulonabafundingethubalodliwanondlebenokokuve-layongethubakufundwaeklasini.

3.2.2 IimvamvanyoIimvavanyobezisetyenziswanjengenyeindlelayokuqhubauphandonokuqokelelangohlobolokubaiziphumoziyakuphendulaumbuzowokubaingabaabafundibangaqhubangconokwizifundozezibaloxabenokufundiswangolwimilwabolwenkobe.Iimvavanyozasetyenziselwaukufumanaukubaing-abaabafundibangawaqondangokupheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqoxabewa-fundiswabewabhalangolwimilwabolwenkobe.

Ngaphambikokubakwakhiweiimvavanyoabafundibafundiswalamagamaenzaingqiqongolwimilwabolwenkobe(isiXhosa)nangolwimiolulumbi(ulwimilwesiNgesi).ImisetyenzanayaseklasiniebalungiselelauvavanyoyenziwangesiXhosa.IimvavanyozakhiwangoncedolikatitshalawezifundozezibalowakwaGreyidi7kwisikoloesiyindawoyophando.Amanqakuafunyenweyongabafundikoluvavanyoawanafutheekuhlalutyenioluphandonanjengokoinjongoibikukubonaindlelaabazakuqhubangayoxabefundiswebazabava-vanywangolwimilwabolwenkobe.Injongoyoluvavanyoibikukuqwalaselaukubaabafundibaqondabakhuphelengconookobakufundisiweyo,xakusety-enziswaulwimilwaboekufundeninasekubhalenixakusetyenziswaulwimilwabolwenkobe.

3.2.3 Ulwimi olusetyenzisiweyo ukuqhuba uphandoKubalulekileukwenzaamagqabantshintshingolwimiolusetyenziswaesikolweningaphambikokuthethangolwimiolusetyenziswekuphando.Okokwakwenzaukubaubaniabenomfanekisongqondweniwemibaehambelananolwimikwesisikolo.

3.2.4 Ulwimi olusetyenziswa esikolweniUwimiolusetyenziswangumntuwonkekwesisikololulwimilwesiXhosa.UlwimilwesiNgesilusetyeziswanjengolwimilokufundisaizifundonoku-lawulaisikolo.OotitshalanabafundibasebenzisaulwimilwesiXhosaixeshaelininzixabecacisaokobakufundisayo,xabencokolanaxabeyalelaabafundingokuthile.IsiXhosasisetyenziswaekudlaleni,ekuncedeniabafundibaqonde

banzingezifundozabonaxabexoxangemibaabafundiswangayoesikolwenixabesebenzabengamaqelana.

Amaphephambuzoayilweaziindidiezahlukeneyoezimbini.Udidilokuqala(IsihlomeloA)lwephepha-mbuzolunikweabafundiphambikokubababhaleuvavanyolwezifundozezibalongolwimilwesiXhosa.Elesibiniiphepha-mbuzolinikweabafundiemvakokubhalaiimvavanyo(IsihlomeloB).

Amaphepha-mbuzoebezintlantlombini.Bekukhoelolilungiselelweaba-fundi(IsihlomeloA)nelolilungiselelweutitshalaibelelikatitshalaofundisaizi-fundozezibalokwisikoloesisetyenziswenjengendawoyophando.Amaphepha-mbuzoabhalwengolwimiolulumbinolwimilwesiXhosa.Unobangelawokuibikukunikaithubakubathathinxaxhebakoluphandoukubababenenkululekoyokukhethaulwimiabakholwalulo.

Abafundinootitshalabanikweithubalokusebenzisanaluphinaulwimiabazivabekholwalulo.BebekhethaukusebenzisaisiXhosaokanyeulwimiolulumbi.UmphandiyenauyihlelengolwimilwesiXhosaimibuzokodwaem-inyeyayobekunyanzelekaukubaootitshalabayibuzengolwimilwesiNgesi,kubamhlawumbikukholoontoingacacangakubo.Kubafundibekukhangelekakum-nandikubabanikweithubalokubabasebenziseulwimiabazivabekhululekilekulonabaluqondakakuhle.Kubafundiabalithobaekubanjweudliwanondlebenabo,bonkebakhetheukubakusetyenzisweulwimilwabolwenkobe,isiXhosa.UkusetyenziswakwesiXhosakuqinisekiseukubaiimpenduloezinikwangaba-fundizingqalileaziphenduliecalenikombuzo.

Lenkquboiqinisekiseokokutshiwongabenzeuphandokumbaonjengalo,abanjengoMlamanoMateru(1978)ukubaabafundibamabangaaphantsibayaesikolwenibenolwazilolwimilwabolwenkobeabalufundengaphambikokubabaqaleisikolo.Ngokokexabelugcinileulwimilwabolwenkobengokuthibaluse-benziseluphuhlelufikeleleekuthinibalwazingokupheleleyokuqukanokuqondabanziamagamaenzaingqiqontoleyoibenzababengconoekwazininasekuphu-meleleniumsebenziwabowesikoloukuyakumabangaemfundoephakamileyo.Kungenxayesosizathuukubaabafundibevunyelweukubabasebenziseulwimilwabolwenkobeukuzebakwaziukucacisabanziokobakucingayo.

Ukufundangolwimiolulumbikuqukaukukwaziukuvangendlelayengqiqoezikileyongokupheleleyonentsingiseloyamagamakwiimekozeemveliez-ingqongeulwimi,ngokokeabafundibafumanakunzimaukumelananolwimiolwahlukileyo,olutshanolulumbi,nanjegokolungafumanekikwiindawoaba-sukakuzo,bengakhulelangakulo.Kusukelakwezingcingazingentlaukwakhaamaphepha-mbuzongolwimilwenkobelwabafundiGardner(2001).

Ukukhethwakukatitshalakwaphenjelelwakukubaengutitshalaofundisaizi-fundozezibalo.Okunyekubangelwekukufumanisaukubaufundisaiiklasiezim-binizakwaGreyidi7(uGreyidi7AnoB).Enyekweziklasiinolwaziolomele-leyolwezifundozezibalongelixaenyeinolwaziolubuthathaka(olungomelelan-ga).Lombaunikeumtsalanewokuzamaukufumanisaukubazinokubaziyin-toniizizathuezenzaukubakubekhoumsantsaongakaphakathikwabafundi


beziklasizimbini,nangonaloingenguwoumbuzowophandokodwaukuwunikaingqalelolombakungenzekaukubakungayimpenduloyeminyeimibuzo.

3.2.5 Inkqubo yophandoUphandolwaqhubekaemvakokubaneendibanonenqununuyesikolo.Akubanomdlaluphandooluwadlanaindlebenotitshalawezifundozezibalo.Emvakokoumphandiwabandakanywaentlanganisweni.Kwagqitywakuyoubungaka-nanibexeshaelinikwaumphandiukufezekisaoluphando.Samiselaiintlangan-isozokubaoluphandoluzakuqhutywanjani,luzakuthathaiintsukuezingaphingeveki,amaxeshaokubonananootitshalamayelaneziphumozesifundososukungalunye,iiklasiezizakuchaphazelekakoluphando,inanilabafundielizakutha-thainxaxheba,ootitshalaabazakuthathainxaxheba,nokubauphandooluluzakusincedanjaniisikolokwizifundozezibalo.

ElonaxeshalililolokungenaeziklasiningenjongoyokubanodliwanondlebenabafundibakwaGreyidi7Ano7B,bekungexeshalesikolongexeshakufundis-waizifundozezibalo.

Ngexeshalokuqwalaselaindlelaabafundanabafundiswangayoabafundi,abafundiababebonakalisaulwazinokuqondaizifundozezibalobabebhalwaphantsiukulungiselelaukucelaukubababambeudliwanondlebenomphandingexeshaelikhethekileyokubo.Abafundiababebonakalisaingxakikwezizifundonabobabhalwaphantsikwangenjongoeseyibhalwengentla.Imibuzoababezakuyibuzwayayiyezamaukufumanisaukuba:

i) Ingabazintoziniezibangelaukugqwesaokanyeukusokolakwaboeku-fundeniizifundozezibalo.

ii) Ingabababeziqondakusininaizizathuezikhokelelakwindlelaabase-benzangayo.

iii)Emvakwalemibuzokuzakuhlalutywaiimpendulozizezinikeinkcazeloephuhlileyoyokokutshiwongabafundi.

3.2.6 Inani labafundi ababhala uvavanyoKubalulekileukuqaphelaukubaabafundiabangamashumiamathathubabhalaiimvavanyo.Loontoithethaukubaewonkeamaphephaekwakumeleukubaaqwalaselweangamashumiamathandathu.Umgaqoowamiselwaukukhethaabafundiwahlulwawazizintluezintathu:

Abafundiabaqondakancincingezifundozezibalongokutshokweziphumozovavanyolwangaphambilieklasiniizihlandlongezihlandlo,abafundiabaqondanjenabobazamelaukuphumelelaiimvavanyokunyenabobaphumelelaemagqa-bini.Babhalaiimvavanyongolwimilwenkobe(isiXhosa)nolwimiolulumbi(ulwimilwesiNgesi),ntoleyoyenzaukubaamaphephaekuzakujongwananawoabengamashumiamathandathu.Imiphumelanohlalutyolweziphumokuxoxwangalokwizahlukoezilandelaesi.

3.2.7 Indlela yokukhetha abafundiUkuzelufezekeoluphandokusetyenzisweiiklasiezimbinizeGreyidiyesi-7,u7Ano7B.Inanilabafundibedibenengama-97.AbafundibonabakhethwakubabengabafundibakwaGreyidi7kwesisikolo.Bayebakhethwangokwama-bakalaokuqondaizifundozezibalo.Ukuzekwahlulweabafundibabengamaqelaachaziweyongentla,kwasetyenziswaiziphumozovavanyoolwenziwaeklasiniizihlandloezibiningaphambikophando.Okukuyekwakhokelelaekubohlulenibabengamaqelaamathathu:

i) Abobaziqondangokubalaseleyoizifundozezibalo,ii) Abobaphakathiiii)Nabobafumanakunzimaukufikelelakwinqanabaelithilelokuphumelela

iimvavanyo.Injongoyokubahlulahlulayayikukufumanisaiingxakiabajamelananazoukubazahlukanjani(ukubabanakoukuzicacisa).

Ezimvavanyozabhalwaemvakwezifundoezithandathuezondelwayoukubazifundiswanjaniyayeabafundibaqondanjaniokobakufundiswayo.Kwasetyenziswaimisetyenzanayaseklasininjengephephaleemvavanyozabafundi.Ezimvavanyozabhalwangeminiezahlukeneyo.UvavanyoolwabhalwalungolwimilwenkobelwabhalwangoLwesibini,lwazaolukulwimiolulumbilwabhalwangoLwesithathu.Igumbiekwakubhalelwakulolalilungisweecaleniaphobonkeabafundiababezakubhalabafumanaithubalokubabodwa.Iimvavanyozazizamaukuncedaukuphen-dulaumbuzowophandokungekhomanqakuahlanganiswenalo.

Lomzamowezimvavanyowawuzamaukujongaukubauzakuphendulakanaumbuzoothi,ingabaabafundibaziphumelelelangconoizifundozezibaloxabefundiswangolwimilwabolwenkobe(isiXhosa).Ukuphendulalombuzokwa-setyenziswalamanqanabanjengamanqwanqwaokwakhainkquboyophando:

Inqwanqwalokuqala:Kuqalwengokondelaokanyekwaqwalaselwaindlelaaba-fundanabafundiswangayoizifundozezibalo,kwazakwabhalwaiinowuthsi.

Inqwanqwalesibini:Ukufundisaabafundiisifundosezibalongolwimilwenkobe.(Isifundoesibasibhalanjengovavanyoesekuthethwengalongentla)Inqwanqwalesithathu:Kwabanjwaudliwanondlebelwabafundiabalithobakwazekwazaliswaokanyekwaphendulwaamaphephambuzongabafundikunyenotitshala.Inqwanqwalesine:Uvavanyoolwalungeelwimiezimbini(isiXhosanolwimiolulumbi)lwasetyenziswa.

Kubalulekileukuqaphelaukubaizihlandloezibininabafundi.Olokuqalalwabanjwakunyenabophambikweemvavanyoolunyeemvakweemvavanyo.Isizathuyayikufumanisaukuba:

Ingabaabafundibasenegcingaefanayonaemvakokubhalauvavanyongolwimilwenkobe,(nanjengokoabanyebabobabengakholelwaekufundeninasekubhaleniuvavanyongolwimilwenkobe).

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 27�0 �1Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

Okwesibiniibikukufumanisaukuba:IngababazibonabenokuziqondangcononaizifundozezibaloemvakokubhalauvavanyongolwimilwesiXhosa(nokufundiswangolwimilwesiXhosa).

Omnyeumbuzoinkquboleyophandoeyazamaukuyiphandayayizindlelaabathibazisebenziseootitshalaxaabafundibangaqondikakuhlexakufundiswaizi-fundozezibaloamagamaenzaingqiqoengaqondwangokupheleleyongabafun-di.Imizamoyokujongalombangokunzulu,yakhokelelaekuthinikuqwalaselweimirhibaethiivelenjengempendulokulombuzo.

Ekuqwalaseleniindlelayokufundaesetyenziswaeklasiniokukulandelayokwajongwa:

Kwizikoloezininziindlelayokufundisaeklasiniixeshaelininziisezandlenizikatitshalayakhelweekufundeningokukhuphelaincwadiinjalookanyeukufundangentlokokungekhokuqondaokokufundiswayo,kusetyenziswaimizekeloembalwanokusebenzisakakhuluulwimilwedolophu.Ngokoke,zimbalwaizifundoezibandakanyaabafundikakhulungenxayokubasolokoingutitshalaosezintanjeniengabanikinxaxheba.Kubonakalangathilentoifananaleyokubakwiiklasiezininziutitshalauzamaukusebenzisaulwimilwenkobelwabafundinjengolwimilokufundisa,olusekelwengokumandlakwimfundoesisekosayosisimbi(isisekosamaNgesi).Okukubonakalakuyindlelaethileyokufundisanasesikolweningenxayembopheleloezithileezinjengokungabikhokwendawoeyaneleyo,indlelaengayondelelaniyoyokuqeqeshaootitshalanokungabikhokwezixhobozokufundazokufundisaezaneleyonezifanelekileyo.

Indlelayokufundisakuleklasiyeyokubautitshalaudlalaindimayokubangulowoukhuphelaulwaziakukholunxibelelwanolubhekephinabafundi.Ulwazilubonakalalusekelwekokokwaziwanguyekuphela.Izifundozon-ganyelwangutitshalaabafundibathathainxaxhebaencincikakhulu,hayingokupheleleyo.Indlelaabathathainxaxhebangayokukuphendulaimibuzoabayibuziweyongexeshaafundisangaloutitshala.Kumathubaamaninziulwaziabezanaloesikolweniabafundialuvavanywaluqukwenokobaku-fundiswayonangonabesizanolwazioluninzimayelananezifundoezifundis-wayo.

Abafundiabazangekhebavavanywengolwimilwabolwenkobe(isiXhosa)nangonawonkeumntuesebenzisalonaamaxeshaamaninzikuqukanokufun-disa.IsiXhosasisetyenziselwaukucacisaokokufunekakucacisiwengutitshalaxaefundisa,ingakumbiaphoakwaziukucacisakhona.Kubakwezinyeiindawongexeshalesifundobekusetyenziswaulwimiolulumbikubautitshalaen-gomelelangakangakoekusebenziseniulwimilwenkobe.Utitshalawezifundozezibaloubonakalanjengomntuocingaukubakukhoimfunekoyokuvavanyaabafundingolwimiabazivabeqinisekilexabelusebenzisa.Ingxakikatitshalaxakufikwakwizifundozezibalo,akawaziyenakuqalaamagamaenzaingqiqongolwimilwenkobelwakhenabafundi.

Loontoyenzaukubaafundisengolwimilwenkobekubafundikodwaamagamaenzaingqiqoabekulwimiolulumbi.UthiuStroud(2002:46)ngalomba:

Umbawokubaukufundisakugudlekakhuluukusetyenziswakolwimilwesixeko(kuxutyweulwimiolusetyenziswayokunyenezinyeiilwimikwisivakalisiesinye)okanyeisixekokangangokubakubenzimakubafundiukufikelelangokuphele-leyoekuqondeninzuluamagamaenzaingqiqo,ngomnyewonobangelabokubakubekhoindlelaenyeengumgcawempukuesetyenziswayo,xakufundiswaizi-fundozezibalo;aphoabafundibangakwazikuphendulakhonangendlelaeyenzaingqiqonefanelekileyo,unxibelelwanooluninzieklasinilwenzekangokufanayongendlelaethileefananommiselookanyeisithethesokufundisaezizifundo.

Oluqwalaselolufananolwenziwekwiiklasiaphoulwimilwenkobekubafundilusetyenziswangendlelaebenzabangakwaziukulisebenzisa.Ngendlelaethi;abafundibayohlukananolwazilolwimilwabokubabefundiswangolwimiolulumbi,lwimiolobangaluqondingokupheleleyo.

Xautitshalaecacisangolwimilwenkobekubafundiuthathaukubabafundibayaqondakantiakunjalokubaamagamaenzaingqiqoahlalaekulwimiolulumbintoleyoibenzabangaqondingokupheleleyonangonaisivakalisisikulwimilwabolwenkobe,ngaphandlekwegamaelenzaingqiqo.Iindlelazokuqhubauphandoezisetyenzisiweyokwesisahlukoziluncedoukugcinauphandongokohloboolululokubazilwenzaluqonde,luhlaleko-kumelekuphumeekuphelenikophandonokobekujoliswekuko.Ezindlelazokuqhubauphandozizamaukunikaumkhombandlelamayelanophandoolulandelayo.

3.2.8 Amaphepha mbuzoIindidiezimbinizamaphephambuzozasetyenziswa.Elokuqalalazaliswangaba-fundiphambikophandozeelesibinilazaliswaemvakophando.ElokuqalalalibuzaokucingwangabafundingokufundaizibalokusetyenziswaisXhosakunyenezizathuzokubabaqhubengohloboabaqhubangalokwizibalo.Abanyebabafundiba-kuthakazelelaukufundaizibalongesiXhosakodwabenemibuzo.OkukulandelayozizintoezavelakwiphephambuzoeliphambikokobhalwakovavanyolweisXhosa.

3.2.9 IsiNgesi lulwimi lwezoqoqoshoAbafundibahlanganisaulwimilokufundaizibalokunyenolwimiloshishinonoqoqosho.Bavezaukubaxaubaniesebenzakumabonakudeokanyeekham-paninikumeleabenolwazioluphangaleleyolwesiNgesi.Okuhlangenenokululwimioluthethwaphesheyakwezilwandle.XaubaniefunaukuyaphesheyakwezilwandlekumeleathetheulwimilwesiNgesi.KwiindawozemisebenziezininziabantubathethaiilwimiezahlukeneyontoleyoicacisaukubakufunekababenolwazilwesiNgesi.Okukucacisamhlopheukubaabafundibabonaulwimilonxibelelwanonolwimilokufundaizibalonjengombaomnye.

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 27�2 ��Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

3.2.10 Ubunzima obunokubakho xa befunda ngesiXhosa

Abafundibaphakamisaumbawobunzimaobunokuvelaxakunokusety-enziswaisiXhosanjengolwimilokufundaizibalo.Izintoababezivezazezi:

• Ulwimiokubhalwengaloiincwadi• Ulwimilokubhalauvavanyonemisebenziyaseklasini

NangonabavezaubunzimabokuqondaulwimiolubhaleiincwadizezibalobabonakungelulaukufundangesiXhosakbabesithiiincwadizezifundozezibalozibhalwengolwimilwesiNgesizangebaziboneezibhalwengesiXhosa.Ngokwa-boukubonakunganzimaukusukaekufundeniiincwadiezikulwimilwesiNgesibayekwezibhalwengesiXhosa.Kubaloontozangebayibonaisenzeka.Bathathaukubakunganzima.

OkwesibinixaulwimilokubhalauvavanyonemisebenzieyenziwaeklasiniisisiNgesi,akukhomfunekoyokubakufundwengesiXhosa.UkubaiincwadizibhalwengolwimilwesiNgesimasekuqhutywanokufundangesiNgesi.

EzimpendulozivelakwiphephambuzolabafundilakhokelelaekubhaleniuvavanyongesiXhosa.InjongoyokubhalauvavanyongesiXhosaibikukubon-isaabafundiukubaxaulwimilwesiNgesilunakoukusetyenziswaekubhaleninesiXhosangokunjalosinako.EmvakokubafundisaithimethileabayenzengolwimilwesiNgesiabafundiaphokufundiswangamaqhezu,“fractions”abafundibaqalaukuqondaukubaiimpendulozabokwiphephambuzolokuqalabezingachanekangangokupheleleyo.OkukuvelakwimibaevelakwiphephambuzolesibinielisemvakokubhaluvavanyongesiXhosa.Imibaevelayoyile:

• Ukuqondaimibuzongokupheleleyo• Ukubanakoukubuzaimibuzo

Kungalulaukuqondaimibuzongokupheleleyoxaabafundibefundange-siXhosakubabangaqondanzulungaphambikokunikaiimpendulo.Yaye,kungalulaukuqondaamagamaenzaingqiqo,iziyalelinezihlanganisiezithizibeyingxakiamaxeshaamaninzikubaabaqinisekingokubakufunwantonikanye.Okukuthethaukubaabafundibasenokungabinangxakiyezifundozezibalokokoulwimiolusembindinikwezizifundo.OkwesibiniabafundibaqaphelaukubakubalulaukubuzaimibuzoxabefundiswangesiXhosa.IsizathusokokukubabayangokucacileyoingxakiyabofuthibeqinisekilengolwimilokuyiqondantoleyoingenzekiyoxabefundiswangesiNgesi.Amaxeshaabaziamaninziukubabayibuzenjaniingxakiyabongenxayokun-ganelikolwimilwaboolulumbi.

3.2.11 Ukufunda izifundo zezibalo ngolwimi lwesiXhosaUkubhidanisaintsingiseloyamagamaaziziyalelinezihlomelikwakhombisaukubaingxakiyabafundiayikhokumananiabandakanyekakwizifundozezibalo,kokokumagamaenzaingqiqo,izihlomelikunyenalawoaziziyaleli,umzekelo,find,investigate,njlnjlDeyi(2006).

Okwavelakwacacakukubakhokwemfunekoyokuqalangemibaechaphazelaulwimingaphambikokungenanzulukwizifundozezibalo.Okukunokwenzakubelulakubafundiukuqondangokupheleleyo.IngxakiyabokokwamukubonaayikhokwizifundozezibaloncakasanakokokulwimilokufundanokufundisaBagmbose(2000).

Okukuvezaumbuzoothikwenzekantonixaabafundibefundaiincwadizezifundozezibalomayelanolwimi.Okukwacaciswangabafundixabechazaubunzimaabahlangananaboxabezenzelaumsebenziwasekhaya.Ubunzimabuvelangenxayolwimiolusetyenzisiweyokwiincwadiabanazo.Azanelangakubhalwangolwimiolulumbikokoulwimioloalufikeleleki.Izizathuzokozintlantlombini:

OkokuqalaabafundibathethaisiXhosaekhayanasesikolwenizebafundenge-siXhosaamaxeshaamaninzi.IincwadiazilungiselelwangaabantuabathethaisiNgesinjengolwimiolulumbi,kokoabathethaulwimilwesiNgesinjengolwimilokuqala,

Okwesibini:izifundozezibalozinolwimilwenzululwaziyezibaloengenantoyokwenzanolwimikokoulwimiolusetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloStubbs(1980).Okukunefutheelibikwindlelaabaqhubangayoabafundieklasini.NgokukaStrevens(1976),Zevenbergen(2005),Orton(1992)babanoloyikolokungaziukubababuzentonikubabengaqinisekangangemibaabangayiqondi-yo.Okukwenzaukubaabafundibangakwaziukuphuhlisanoluphinaulwimikwizifundozezibalo.

Bayamanisaukungaqinisekikwabokwizifundozezibalonokungabikhokweencwadizezifundozezibalo.Ukubaubaniubambeimithethonefomulayokubalaesebenzisaukunkqaya,udeakwaziukubhalelaukupasangaphezukokuqondangokupheleleyoulwimiokusetyenzisiweyo.Okukubonakelekunefutheelibikubaxaumbuzoungaqondwangangokupheleleyokubanz-ima.Amaxeshaamaninziiyalityalwaloomithethozeloontoyenzekungabilulaukubalangokuchanekileyo.Okukunxulunyaniswanokusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbiningaxeshanyekufundiswa.Ngokwabafundiakuluaukumamelaiilwimiezimbiniubaniangaqinsekanganagzo.Ngokokukhoimfunekoyokomelezaolunyekweziilwimiingakumbiulwimilwenkobe.OkukwavelangexeshaabafundibephendulaamaphephambuzoasemvakokubhalauvavanyongesiXhosa,nalaphokwabakhoumahlukoomkhulukwiziphumozabo.

Amagamaenzaingqiqo,iziyalelinezihlomeliezabanokubhidaniswaokanyeukungabonwanjengamagamaanentoyokwenzanezifundozezibalo,akulethey-ibhuleilandelayo:


Igama Intsingiselo Intsingiselo eyanyaniswa negama ngaba-fundi

breadth ububanzi Nangona lingesosenzi okanye isiyaleli kwaba nzima kubafundi ukusebenzisa eli gama ekusombululeni izifundo zabo. Banye baliphambanisa nokuphefumla abanye abalazi kwaphela ukuba lithetha ukuthini de bakhunjuzwa ngefomula elisebenza kuyo.

calculate bala uland-ela imithetho yezifundo zezibalo

Eli gama xa lisetyenziswe lodwa, abafundi balihlan-ganisa nokusebenzisa ikhaltyhuleytha okanye ukubala ecaleni ze ubani anike impendulo kumbuzo lowo engabonisanga amanqanaba okubala.

change percentage

Oku akubacaceli abafundi ukuba kufunwa ntoni xa kunikwa lo myalelo

construct Eli gama layanyaniswa nokwakha nto leyo ingenanto yokwenza nezifundo zezibalo

determine Eli gama laba yingxaki enkulu ukucacisa intsingiselo epheleleyo kuba yayingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo nangalu phi na ulwimi. Akukho mfundi waziyo ukuba lithetha ukuthini nabaqashelayo batsho ecaleni.

diagonal Idayagonali, eli gama laba yindida njengoko kwaba nzima nakutitshala ukulicacisa. Ngaphandle kokunika inkcazelo yesiNgesi.

discuss Ukuxoxa kwabonwa njengento eyenzeka ngaphandle kweklasi yesifundo zezibalo, kuba abantu abaxoxayo kukho okuthile abangakuqondiyo.

estimate qikelela Kwaba nzima ukulicacisa eli gama kuba nangona lali-nokuqondakala lula nto eyalenza nzima ngakumbi ku-kuba kwizifundo zezibalo isiphumo kumele sichaneke ngokuthe ngqo. Xa ubani esithi qikelela uthetha ukuba akulandelwa mitheto yezifundo zezibalo nto leyi en-ganika isiphumo esingachanekanga.

factor (common factor)

Kwaba nzima ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nagona kwakukho ukuqonda ukuba kuthethwa ngenani elinye-ukuba xa litheni

find fumana Eli gama abafundi balihlanganisa nokufumana into. Abazange bayiqonda intsingiselo kuba lingena lungqa-mano nezifundo zezibalo ngokutsho kwabo.

height Kwabakho ukungaqondi apha nanjengoko abafundi babengakwazi ukubona ukwahlukana kwentsingiselo ka “length”no “height” kokwabo ukucinga la magama abethetha into enye

investigate fumana

impendulo

Yayanyaniswa nokuphanda amatyala njengomcuphi

length Ubude baqondwa ngokupheleleyo kodwa xa kusety-enziswa ifomula

predict Abafundi badibanisa eli gama kunye nokuqashela into eza kwenzeka. Eyona kwakungelula ukuyenza kuku-bona indlela elisetyenziswa ngayo kwizifundo zezibalo kuba kwizibalo akukho kuqashela ubani imiqathango yezezibalo.

rectangle Abafundi baba nako ukuqonda intsingiselo kweli gama kodwa kwathatha ithuba ukuqonda ukuba uxande luhlangana phi nee-engile ezifunyanwa xa kuthethwa ngezifundo zezibalo.

reduce nciphisa ngokubala okanye tha-batha

Ukunciphisa akunanto yakwenza nezifundo zezibalo njengoko ukunciphisa okanye ukucutha kuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezingenanto yakwenza nokubala

sequence bala ngoku-lande-lelana

Zange kubekho mfundi ulaziyo eli gama ukuba lithetha ukuthini.

solve Eli gama libonise ukuba kwimo yezifundo zezibalo alinandawo kuba abafundi babanengxaki yokuliqonda. Liqheleke kakhulu kwimidlalo yoopopayi kamabon-akude apho kusoloko kukho umnqa ofuna isisombu-lulo.

square root Abafundi baba namanakani okuba kuthethwa ngo-phindaphindo kodwa akuqondakali kakuhle

width Nangona eli gama belisebenza xa bebala ukuba lithetha ntoni ngaphandle kwefomula nto leyo yadala ubunzima bokuqonda ngokupheleleyo

3.2.12 Okuboniswa ngala magama akwitheyibhule engentlaNanjengokubalamagamaeyintlanganiselayamagamaenza,ingqiqoiziyalelikunyenezihlanganisi,iingxakiezijongenenabafundiekufundeniizifundozezibaloziyint-langaniselayeengxakizolwimi.Okukuqukaulwimilokufundisa,ulwimilokubhalaiimviwonovavanyo,ulwimilweencwadinolwimilokwenzaingqiqoyokoku-fundiswa.Lamagamaabonisaiintsingiselookanyeiimekoathiasetyenziswekuzo.Ezininzikwezomekoazinantoyakwenzanezifundozezibalo.Loontoithethaukubakukhoimfunekoyokuwacacisalamagamaxakufundiswangokwemekoyezifundozezibalo.Ukusebenzisaulwaziabanaloabafundingalamagamakungasisisekosoku-fundisaiintsingiseloezikwimoyezifundozezibalongaphambikokufundisaindlelaasetyenziswangayokwizibalo.Kukhoimfunekoenkuluyokuthathaigamangalinyelicazululwelihlahlelwengokubanzikuvezwaiintsingiseloezingqamenenalo.Loontoithethaukubakukhoimfunekoemandlayokubandakanyaulwimikuqeqesholootitshala.Abafundibangenethubalokufundabanzingolwimiolubandakanyekakwizifundozezibalontoleyoingabenzabakwazi.


4. Unikezelo lwengxeloKwisahlukoesingaphambili,iindlelazokuqhubauphandonezizathuzokubakukhethwezonakuthethwebanzingazo.Injongoyomphandikwesisahlukoku-kunikezelangengxeloeqokelelweyongethubakuqhutywauphando.Ukufumanalengxeloumphandiusebenziseamaphephambuzo,ukuqwalaselaokwenzekaeklasininodliwanondlebe.Udliwanondlebebelungamacandeloamathatthu;okokuqalaludliwanondlebenabafundikunyenodliwanondlebenotitshalaofundisaaba-fundibeGreyidiyesi-7kwisikoloekuqhutywekusouphando,nabanyeootitshalaabafundisaizifundozezibalo.Inkcazeloepheleleyomalunganodliwanondlebekubhalwebanzingayokwizahlukoezilandelayo.Okokugqibelalenkcazeloiyeyahlalutywayaxoxwangokusekelwekwizihlokwanaezivelayokwiimpendulozabafundinootitshala.Iyantlukwanonokufanangokwezimvokuthethiwengazo:ezizibalulekilekubazichaphazelaimibaekuxoxwanekuphikiswanangayo.

Kwesisahluko,eyonanjongokukunikezelaingxeloevelangenxayokusety-enziswakweendidiezintathuzamaphephambuzo,udliwanondelebenoqwalaselolokwenzekaeklasini.Kubalulekileukuthethangamagingxigingxiahlangenenawoumphandikwinkquboyophandoekuthethwengayokwizahlukoezinga-phambili.Ekuvuleniesisahlukokubalulekileukunikainkcazeloyamagamaazakuthiasetyenziswenanjengokoukunikezelwakwengxelokuqhubeka.Amagamalawoneentsingiselozawoasetyenziswekakhulukwisahlukofuthiasimagamaavamekusetyenziswakulwimilokuqalakungokokubalulekileukuwanikezelananjgokoolunikezelongengxeloluchaphazelawonakakhulu.

Lamagamaamengoluhlobo:izifundozezibalo–mathematicsukuqondangokupheleleyo–gainmeaningfulunderstandingukufikelelangokupheleleyo–accessinkquboyongenelelo–interventionprogrammeamagamaenzaingqiqo–conceptsimpixwano–contradictioningxubakaxaka–complications/complexitiesgxila/gxininisa–focusqwalasela/ondela–observeuqwalaselo–observationngqamene–relevantukunkqaya/ukubambangentloko–rotelearningulwimilokufundisaizifundo–languageoflearningandteaching

Ingxeloesuselwekwiphephambuzolokuqalalunikezelwengokubonakalisaizi-hlokwanaezibalulekileyoezivelayo.Incedanokuthikufunyansweukubangababacingantoniabafundiabafundiswangazoneelwimiabazisebenzisaekhaya

nasekudlaleni.Iimpendulozelophephambuzondicingelaukubazakunikaindlelaecacileyoyenzululwaziyamagamaenzaingqiqoabafundiabezanawo.Iimpendulozabafundiziyakuhlalutywa.Ingxeloeqokelelwengephephambuzolesibiniiyakuphathwangohloboolunyekubaisetyenziselwaukuzamaukufu-manisaukubaabafundibanakona,nokuthibakhethaukufundiswa(ukufundanokubhala)ngolwimilwabolokuqalakusinina.Indlelaabalubonangayoulwimiabafundimayelanolwimilokufundanokufundisakuyakuthethwangalo.

Indlelaeqokelelweyongoqwalaseloinikaingxelolwenzululwaziyokufun-disaeklasiniyezifundozezibalo:Utitshalaungabausebenzisawaphiamaceboukukhuphelaulwazikubafundi,ngawaphiamagamaenzaingqiqoathiajon-ganenawo,ingabaabafundibayakwaziukuwaqondanzulunangokupheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqongolwimiolulumbi,ukubaakukhonjalongawaphiamacebookungenelelaabawasebenzisayoukwenzaimekoyokufundaingabinzi-makakhuluokanyeukuqinisekisaukubaabafundibayaqonda.

Okokugqibela,esisahlukosiyakunikezelangemiphumelayamaphepham-buzokatishalawakwaGreyidi7osukakwisizasophandonabanyeootitshalaabasukakwiindawoezahlukeneyo.Lomsetyenzanaunenjongoekukuzamauku-qondaukubaamaceboasetyenziswayoekufundiseneendlelaabazibonangayoizintoeziphathelenenolwimiluqinisekisanjaniukubakufundwakufundiswengendlelaeyiyo(eyenzaukubaabafundibabenokuqondangokupheleleyoizi-fundozezibalo).

KubalulekileukukhankanyaukubaabafundinootitshalangokufanayobebenelungelolokukhethaukuphendulangololwimibathandaukulusebenzisaphakathikwesiXhosanolwimilwesiNgesi.Inanilootitshalanelabafundiabase-benziseisiXhosaukuphendulaamaphephambuzonodliwanondlebengolwimilwesiXhosazakuthelekiswanenanilabobaphendulengolwimilwesiNgesi.Ukuthelekisalamaphephakuyakuncedaukusichazelaukubanangonaootit-shalabefundisangolwimioluthileeklasinizebasebenzisaolunyekwezinyeiimeko.Loontoiyakwenzaukubakuqondakaleukubakanyeloluphiulwimiolusetyenziswayongabafundinootitshala.Amaphephambuzoakhankanyiweyoahlulweazizintluezilandelayo:

i) amaphephambuzoasisandulelasovavanyoii) amamphephambuzoasemvakovavanyoiii) amaphephambuzokatitshalaiv) Udliwanondlebe(iindidiezimbinizemibuzoodliwanondlebe).

Esisahlukosakwahlulwahlulwasibezizigabaezine.Isigabasokuqalakukuxu-bushaukunikezelwakwengxeloaphoamaphephambuzoabhalwengabafundiahlalutywayo,izizathuzokubaabafundibekhethelulwimiluthile,nohlalutyolodliwanondlebeolusisandulelanolusemvakovavanyo.Isigabasesibinisijon-gananamaphephambuzoootitshalaaphambinasemvakovavanyonezihlokwanaezivelayo.Isigabasesithathusijongenenenzululwaziyokufundisaeklasini,uku-fundekanokufikelelekakoncwadiolusetyenziswaeklasininokuxambulangemo

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 27�� 9Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa ukufunda nokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

yezifundozezibalongokuxelelwaziziphumozobekuqwalaselweeklasini.Isigabasokugqibelaujongananohlalutyonothelekisolweziphumozovavanyongol-wimilwesiXhosanangolwesiNgesi.Kuyakuthiekuvaleniisahlukoesikubekhoushwankathelooluphangaleleyoolwakuthilwenziwenjengesihlokosokugqibelakwesisahluko.

4.1 Isigaba sokuqala4.1.1 Uhlalutyo lwephephambuzo labafundi

Iphephambuzo 1 (Isihlomelo A)Iphephambuzoelandulelauvavanyolasetyenziswakwamsinyaneemvakokuvu-nyelwakomphandingabasemagunyeniukubauphandoluqhubekeesikolwenisabo.Izifundoezithandathuzaqwalaselwanephephambuzoelaziwangokubasisandulelaluvavanyolakhiwa.Laziwangokubasisandulelaluvavanyokubalisetyenziswengaphambikokubhalauvavanyolwezifundozezibalo.Iphepham-buzolalibhalwengeelwimiezimbini,ulwimilwesiXhosanesiNgesi(Isihlom-eloE).Abafundibanikwaithubalokuzikhethelaukubabasebenziseoluphiphakathikweelwimiezimbini.IphephambuzolalinenjongoyokuqwalaselaindlelaabafundiabazivangayongokufundaamagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozezibalongolwimilwesiXhosa.Okunyeokwakuzanywaukufunyaniswakukubaingababawaqondangokupheleleyo,amagamaazizinxibelelanisi.Okokugqibela,kukuqondaukubabakuqondangokupheleleyonaukusetyenziswakwamabalanaekufundiswangawoizibalo.Iphephambuzolalijolisenasekufumaneniulwimiolukhethwangabafundinjengolwimilokufundisaizifundozezibalonezizathuzoko.

Lombawabangotsalaumdlangobaizimvozabafundingeelwimiabazikhet-hileyoemvakokubhalauvavanyo.Iphephambuzoelisemvakovavanyolivezaiyantlukwanonempixwanoyemibonoyabafundinalemibonoiyakudandaliswakwsisigabasohlalutyo.

Imibuzoebuziweyoibeyile,i) Ingabaabafundibaluqondangokupheleleyoulwimiekufundiswangalo

izifundozezibalo,nokuthi,ii) bonabengabafundibathandaukufundiswangoluphiulwimi,zebathi

bakugqibabanikenezizathuzeempendulozabo.Lombuzomnyekwa-funekaukubaulandeliswekwiphephambuzolesibininakudliwanondlebekubakwabakuninziokungacacangakwiphephambuzolokuqala.Bacelwanjeukubabaphenduleiphephambuzoelisisisekosokuhlohlauphandongokubaabafundibalujonganjaniulwimiabafundiswangalo,balubonanjengentoekumelwekucingwengayoxabefunda.Ingababalubonaulwimilunendimaebalulekileyooluyidlalayokwimfundoyabo.OkukujongwekumagumbiamabiniakwaGreyidi7,uGreyidi7AnoGreyidi7B.

Abafundibebengamashumialithobaanesixhenxe(97)behlangene.Bebebayi49kwaGreyidi7Abebayi48kwaGreyidi7B.BonkeababafundibazaliseokanyebaphenduleiphephambuzoelifanayongokwemibuzonangonabebenethubalokuzikhethelaukubabaphendulengolwimilwesiNgesiokanyengesiXhosa.Kulamaphephambuzoabafundiabayi63bakhetheukufundangolwimilwesiN-gesibazaabayi21bakhethaisiXhosaabafundiabayi13bebengaqinisekanga.Ita-fileengezantsiinikezelaiilwimingokukhethwangabafundi.Yahlulweyazizintluezintathu,abafundiabakhethaisiXhosa,abobakhethaisiNgesinabobangaqin-isekangangolwimiabalukhethayo.

Itafile1inikezelangeziphumozephephambuzoelandulelauvavanyo:Inani labafundi bephelele 97

Inani labafundi abakhetha isiXhosa 21 22

Inani labafundi abakhetha ulwimi lwesiNgesi 63 65

Abangaqinisekanga ngolwimi abalukhethayo 13 13

Izizathu zolwimi olukhethiweyoAbafundiabakhetheukufundazizifundozezibalongolwimilwesiNgesibanxulumaniseizizathuzabonengqesho,ulwimioluthethwakumabonakudenangabantuabaphezulunjengamagosaaseburhulumenteninokufunaumse-benzinesakhonongokubanzi.EsinyesezizathuibekukubaulwimilwesiN-gesilulwimiathiubaniaziveemkhuluebalulekilexaelithethakubaabantuesihlelinabobamjongelaphantsiubaniongakwaziukulusebenzisaolulwimi.AbafundibachazeukubakukhoumkhwawokubabaxubeulwimilwesiN-gesinesiXhosaxabedlalanabahlobobaboxasesiphumileisikolo,ntoleyoebangelaukubakubalulekeukufundangolwimilwesiNgesiukuzekung-abikhokusalangasemvaxaabnyeabafundibesebenzisaulwimilwesiNgesiekudlaleni.LoontoingumphumelawokubaabanyebabahlobobabobafundakwizikoloaphoulwimilwesiNgesilusetyenziswanjengolwimilokuqalantoleyoyenzaukubabalusebenzisekakhulu.Loontoikhokelelaekuthiniabanyebabafundibesisikolobathathengokucholacholaxabedlalaamagamaathiasetyenziswengabafundiabafundakwezizikolo.XaubaniethewasalakulendlelayokufundaimenzaaziveelikheswaxaabanyebesebenzisaulwimilwesiNgesi.

Eyonantokukubangokutshokwabafundi,ngamanyeamaxeshaabaqinise-kangangokubabasebenzisaloomagamabawacholeyongendlelaeyiyo.Ngo-kutshokwabanyebabafundiokukuthethaukuba,ulwimilwesiNgesilunamadlangaphezukolwimilwenkobekubafundi.Ntoleyoabanyebabafundibangakwaziukumelananayookwangokukubanendlelaabacingangayoayikabinakuqiqangokupheleleyokwimibayokuqwalaselaindimaesembindiniedlalwalulwimilwakhenabaniekufundeni.Okwakutsalaumdlakukufumanisaukubaabafundibabengenangcingainzulunamdlaekuthetheningezintoezifananazo.Babeb-


onakalabemangalisekilekukubababeyinxalenyeyophandooluzamaukufumanaukubabonabazibonabendawonikumbawolwimi.

Emvakokubhalaiimvavanyoabafundibathintshaindlelaabacingangayokhonaukuzebakhetheulwimiabathandaukufundiswangalo.Bazalisaiphephambuzoemvakokucelwangumphandi.Xabezalisaeliphephambuzoaphobabemelekukubabaphenduleumbuzoothi,“ingababaziqondangoku-pheleleyoizifundozezibalo”.Iimpendulozabozaguquka,abaninzibaphendulangelithi,“ukubabesifundiswangolwimilwethulwenkobe,isiXhosakubalonasiluqondangokupheleleyo.”Iimpendulozidandalaziswekumananiaphoaba-fundiabali39bathibakhethaukufundiswangolwimilwabolwenkobekuqala,isiXhosa(itafileengezantsiibonisaoko).

Letafileingezantsiibonisaiziphumozephephambuzoelilandelauvavanyo:Inani labafundi bephelele – Greyidi 7A noB 97

Inani labafundi abakhetha ukufunda ngesiXhosa 39 40

Inani labafundi abakhetha ukufunda ngolwimi lwesiNgesi 30 31

Inani labafundi abangaqinisekanga ngolwimi abalukhethayo 18 19

4.1.2 Uhlalutyo lodliwanondlebe nabafundi olwandulela uvavanyoIphephambuzo lesibini (Isihlomelo B)Kubanjweudliwanondlebenabafudiabalithoba.Udliwanondlebebeluban-jwengesiXhosalwazalwaguqulelwakulwimiolulumbiukufezekisaiinjongozophando.Abafundibakhethwangokwamanqakuabawafumananababehlalabewafumanakuvavanyolwezifundozezibalo.Abafundibakhethwangokuthikwahlulweizigabazokusebenzakwizifundozezibalo.Izigabazokubahlulazenziwazabazizintluezintathu,abobasebenzangokuncomekayokwizifundozezibalo,abaobasebenzanjengelizamaukuphumelelanabobasebenzanga-phantsikunokubakulindelekile.Nangonaiphephambuzolakhiweukunikaisikhokelosophandoakunakuphikwaukuvelanokusetyenziswakwemibuzoengacetywangaevelanjengokoudliwanondlebeluqhuba.Unobangelawokokukubaimibuzoemininziivelengexeshakuqhutywauphando.Imibuzoebuziweyoyileilandelayo:

Yintonieynzaukubaubenakoukusebenzangokuphumelelanangendlelaen-comekayouphumeemagqabinikwizifundozezibalo/ngendlelaekwenzaukubaukwaziukuphumelelakodwangokungekhomagqabini/ngokungancomekiyookanyengaphantsikwendlelaekulindelekeukubausebenzengayo.

Ingabauyalufumanauncedoekhayaxaunomsebenziwasekhaya?

Unoncwadilwezifundozezibaloekhaya?

Ukubaunalo,lubhalwengolwimiulwimi?

Uyalisebenzisaithalaleencwadi?

Uyaamaxeshaamangaphikulo?

Uzifundangolwiphiulwimiizifundozezibalo?

Ungathandaukuzifundangoluphiulwimi?

UngazivanjanixaunokubhalaizifundozezibalongesiXhosa?

Abafundiabasebenzelaukubabapasebaphendulengelithi:i) Andizaziizifundozezibalo,andingomntuwezifundozezibalo.ii) Ndiyenzanjekubayenyeyezifundoendizenzayoukubabekungenjalo

ngendingayenzi.iii)Akukhobudlelwanephakatihkwezifundozezibalonezintoezenzaka

elizweni,“ndingayisebenzisaphiingcingaka–xno-y.”iv) Ulwimiezifundiswangaloizifundozezibaloalucacangakum.Luzenza

zibenzimangakumbi.Ukubabekukhoindlelayokuwacacisangoku-pheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqomhlawumbikusetyenzisweulwimilwesiXhosabekuzakubabhetele.Bendizakuziphumelelaemagqabiniizifundozezibalo.

v) Enyeyezintokukungaqondikakuhleukubakufunwantonikanyekanyexakubuzwaumbuzo.Ayicacingokupheleleyoeyonantoifunwangutit-shalaxaebuzaimibuzo.

vi) Indlelaekubhalwengayoimibuzoayicacanga.Amaxeshaamaninzindicingaukubandiqondangokupheleleyoxautitshalaefundisakodwaxasekufunekakusetyenzisweulwazioloebesinikalonakubanzimangeyonandlela.Andikwaziukusebenzisaulwaziolubendicingaukubandilubambilekubekhoingxakikengoku.Imizekeloesetyenziswangutit-shalandiyifumanailulangethubaeyenzaxasekufunekandizisebenzelekubenzima.NdicingaukubaandiziqondikwaphelaizifudozezibaloxandingafundiswangesiXhosandicingaukubandingaqondangcono.Ndidendicingeukubamhlawumbiutitshalaukhethaimizekeloululaasinikeizifundoezinzimathina.

vii)UkubabendifundiswangesiXhosandiqinisekilebendizakugqqwesa.KusetyenziswaulwimilwesiNgesiusamamelelonauveutitshalases-ebenzisaisiXhosauxakwekengokukukulandelakubaakaphindilentoebeyithethangolwimilwesiNgesiuqalaaphoayekekhonaathethenge-siXhosa.Ayindincedituloonto.

Abafundiabantsebenzoyaboingenenokokuphumelelabathebona:


i) Izifundozezibalozinzima.ii) Kufuekaubekrelekrelengendaloukuzeulungeleukufundazona.iii)Xautitshalaethetha,ndiyayekaukumamelakubaandiqondiukuba

uthini.Mhlawumbibekungangconoukubabesifundiswangolwimiesi-luqondangokupheleleyo.

iv) Andinaloixeshalokuziqeqeshakubaandinalouncwadiekhayanalaphaesikolweniasinazoiincwadiezincedisaokondikufundayo.Ngokokendixhomekekekulwaziendilufumanaaphangexeshalezifundozezibalo.

v) Ngamanyeamaxeshakunzimaukuqondamagamaasetyenziswayongexe-shalezizifundo.Onkelamagamaanzimangakumbiulwimiolusety-enziswayo.

vi) Ndoyikanokubuzaumbuzokubaandaziukubayiyiphikanyelendawondingayiqondiyo.Andaziukubandiwubuzekanjaniumbuzo,an-dinamagamaaneleyookuwakha.Andingomntuwezifundozezibalomna,andizithandinyanikubaandizazi.Ndithandaukwenzaezinyeizinto,ngakumbiukudlalaibholayeqakambanebholaekhatywayo.

vii)Andinamntuwokundincedisakumsebenziwamwasekhaya,ngokokenokubandifunaukuziqeqeshandizakuzincedakanjani.

viii)Ndinqwenelaukubabendingazenziizifundozezibaloazifaninezinyeizifundo.Kwizifundozezembaliubaniuyaqondaukubakuthethwangan-toni.Umntuusukeangaziintoekuthethwangayoxakusithiwafumanaisisombululosika“x”kubaandisaziisizathusokubasenzeloontoukubayintoni.Lempenduloichazaukubalomfundiakabuboniubudlelawanephakathikwezifundozezibalonobomibomhlanezolo.Akaboniukubauzakuyisebenzaphiyonkelentoafundangayo.Kulemeko,umfundiakanangqiqoyezifundozezibalonjengesinobudlelwanenegamaelithiisisombululo.Ukholelwaekuthinibekufanelekuqalekubekhoingxakingo“x”ngaphambikokubakusonjululweingxakingaye.

ix) AndinazoiincwadiezibhalwengesiXhosaezicacisaizifundozezibalo,kantikekwizifundozezembaliungawafumanaamabaliatyebisaloontosukubeuyikhangelaengqamenenaloomsebenziowenziwayoesikol-weni.NdithandaukufundaizifundoezinjalokubaabantubayakwaziukubaliselangokubayayinjaniiCrossroadsngaphambilibengekazalwa.Ndandikadendizithandaizifundozezibalonokudibanisa,ukuthabatha,ukwahlula-hlulanokuphinda-phinda.Ngoku,kuthethwangamaqhezunokusebenzisaukulinganisa,akukholulakwaphela.Ndisolokondicingaukubaamagamaenzaingqiqoathethantoningolwimilwenkobe,isiX-hosakubandicingaukubandingawaqondalulangokupheleleyo.

x) Andiyinakwithalalencwadikubaandizaziukubandikhangelentonixandikhangelauncwadiolwayamenenezifundozezibalo.Xandithendayandikhangelauncwadilokufunda.Ndiyazithandaiincwadieziquletheamabali.

Xakubuzwakulomfundiukubaingabauyalubonanaunxibelelwanophakathikwamabaliangenantoyakwenzanezifundozezibalokunyenalawoasetyenziswakwizifundozezibalo.Impenduloyakheithe,“Amabaliasetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloayintoenyenezifundozezibalo.”

Loontoithethaukubaxaufundaibalielingqamenenezifundozezibalo,ekugqibeleniubaniuzakubala.Ngamanyeamazwiibalilikhokekelelaubaniekubalenintoleyoifunakusetyenzisweifomula.Lontoyenzakungabikhomahlukonokubakusetyenziswaibaliokanyeifomulayokubala,yintoenye,kubainjongoinyekukubala.Kokwakheukubonaingqiqoyokubalanengingaesety-enziswayo,isetyenziswangokufanayonokubaisebaliniokanyekwingcingaes-etyenziswayoekubaleni.Loontoithethaukubaukusetyenziswakwebaliakudalimahlukoekufikeleleningokupheleyokwintseingiseloyezifundozezibalo.

Xakubuzwaukubaingabaingxakiyakheyayamenenolwimiolusety-enziswayoekubaleni,impenduloyakheithe:

Izifundozezibalokunyenolwimiolusetyenziswaekuzifundisenizidalaimbidekoemntwinikubaulwimiolusetyenziswayoasilolwimiolulumbinje,lukhethekile.Ngenxayokukhethekakwalo,kufunekaubaniathatheixeshaelideezamaukukhangelaintsingiselokuqalangaphambikokubaakwaziukuluse-benzisangokupheleleyo.Ngamanyeamaxeshauyayaziintsingiseloyegamaelithi,“discuss”kodwaalithethilentondilazilithethayonakwizifundozezi-balo.Xausithi“discuss”mnandazikuthethwaukubaxoxa.Ngokukwizifundozezibalolincinciokanyealikhoixeshalokuxoxa.Izifundoazifuningxoxoqhazifunaukubaubaniaqondeukubakuthiwanikusetyenziswawaphiamagama.Uxoxangantonixakusithiwaxoxakubakwezizifundoudibananamagamanemizobonemifanekiso.Wakugqibausebenzisaingcingayomnyeumntu,eng-eyiyoneyakho.Awukwazikuyiphikisaoknayeuyisebenzisengolunyeuhlobokubaifomulaibhalweyanjalongomnyeumntu.Ziyabhidaezizifundokunyenolwimilwakhona,ndiyazicaphukela.Ndikhethaukuyishiyelaabantuabay-aziyo.Utitshalawamucacisakakuhlendiqondeukubandimvile,makuthiwendizenzelekubanzimampela.Ndicaphukelanokwenzaumsebenziwasekhayaongqamenenezifundokugqwesexasekusithiwamasiwulungiseloomsebenzieklasini.Kuthiwesisebenzesingamaqelanakubekhoubaniozakunikaingxelo.Ndikhethaukungabikhoukubaindlelaikhona,solokondifumau3ku10.Loontoayimnandangaqhasendizixolisile.Andisokuzendiyenzexandifikakwis-ikolosamabangaaphakamileyokubaingabandizenzelanjeintlokoebuhlungu.Sendizixeleleukubandizakukhethaezinyeizifundokwisikolosamabangaaphakamileyo,andiqalisiukukhethaizifundozezibalo.Khawufaneucingexakusetyenziswaamagamaafanano“determine”loomagamamnandiwaqondangokupheleleyokwizifundoezifananelifeskills.Kwizifundozezibaloandiyaziintsingiseloyawo.Loontoindenzandifuneukuqondaukubaingabandine-zizathuezibambekayonazokuzihluphakucacileandizokuphidandiziqonde.AndikhomhlekwaphelanakulwimilwesiNgesiindlelaukubaikhonakumelekutolikwelonkeixesha.

Lempenduloivezaukubaumfundiyayiqondaingxakiyakhekodwauzibonakungekhontoanokuyenzakubaakakhalazelindlelaekufundiswangayo.Okuve-


layokwelibinzanalingentlakukubangenxayolwimiolusetyenziswakwezizifundoumfundiukhethaukwenzazifundozimbikubaukungaqondingoku-pheleleyoukubekaemagxeniakhe.Uyenzauxanduvalwakhengokuthiathatheisigqibosokungazithathiezizifundokodwaesatshoukubaxaebenokufundiswangolwimilwakhelokuqalabekungangcono.Olululuvolomfundilubekaulwimembindiniwekamvalakheekuthatheniisisgqibongezifundoamakazenzeuk-wakhaikamvalakhe.

Xaebuzwaukubauzakwenzanjaningezibaloezifumanekakwizifundozeji-yografi.Uthe,“Ndingamelananezozibalokubaziphathelenenokufundiswayo.”

Lomfundiuzibonaizifundozezibaloizizifundoizifundoangazifundaxazinokunxulunyaniswanezintoazibonayonazithandayoingekukoukuzibonazizimelezodwananjengokubayenaezibona.Kumbandelawolwimiuzibonaezizifundozinolwimiolungasetyenziswayokweminyeimixholontoleyoithiyenaufunaukubonaamagamanamabinzanaasetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloengqamenengokupheleleyonolwimiolusetyenziswaimihlayonke.Okanyeamagamaasetyenziswaimihlayonkekumeleadidiyelwengokupheleleyoukuzeaphuhliseke.Lomfundiuphindaachaphazeleumbawokubalulekakokuqondangokupheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozezibalongaphambikokubaubaniawasebenzise.Loontoibonisaukubalulekakolwimiekufundeniizifundozezibalonanjengokokuvelaukubaukhalangokulungiselelwaokupheleleyomayelanolwimilokufundaizibalo.Kuvelangokucacileyoumbaothikumeleamagamaenzaingqiqoafundiswengolwimilokuqalakubafundingaphambikokubaafundiswengolwimiakulo(ulwimiolulumbi).Loontoingenzakubengconoukusokola.Lombauvelangokucacileyokudliwanondlebenalomfundi.

Uninzilwabafundibabhekiseleleiingxakizabozezifundozezibalokwi-ingxakiabanazozolwimi.Banombonoomnyeomthiukubaulwimilwenkobebelungasetyenziswanjengomthombowokufundisaizifundozezibalobekun-gangcono.Loontoibingabancedaukuqondabanzinangokupheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqo,amagamaazizihlomelonesigamaesisetyenziswakwizifundozezibalo.OkunxibelelenenalengxakiyolwimikokoathiuClerghornnabanye(1989:37)kukucinezelwakwentethayabafundikumabangaaphantsi,enciphisamathubaokuziqeqeshakwabafundiekusebenziseninasekuthetheningexeshaelibalulekenjengeli(ukufundaamabangaaphantsi)ukuphuhlisaisakhonosokusebenzisaulwimi.Ngenxayokungabikhokwethubalokusebenzisaulwimikulamabanga,abafundikumabangaemfundoephakamileyobenomthwalowokungakwaziukucacisangqongokucacileyonangokupheleleyookobafunaukukutshongolwimiolulumbi.Ngokokeukufundisaabafundingolwimiolulaumbiolungaphuhliswangalubenolokuqalalungaphuhliswangaukulungiselelaukufundiswaizifundozezibalo,kucuthaamathubaabafundiookufikelelangoku-pheleleyokwizifundozezibalonokubabazifundangolwimilwabonjengokolungaphuhliswangangokupheleleyo.

4.1.3 Iphephambuzo labafundi elisemva kovavanyoEliphephambuzolazaliswangabafundiemvakokubhalauvavanyoolwalwakh-iwengeelwimiezimbini.Abafundibahlulwabazizintluezintathu,abobaphu-melelaemagqabini,abobaphumelelangokufikakwinanielithibapasilenabobabethangenenokwenanilokuphumelela.Injongoyokubahlulaibikukukhethaiqelaelincincikwelikhululabafundiabayi98bakwaGreyidi7.Eyonanjongoibikukufumanisaukubaingabaabafundibasambelelekwingcingaababenayophambikokubababhaleuvavanyo(uvavanyobelubhalwangeelwimiezimbiniabafundibabhalangazozombini).

Okuphumekulamaphephambuzobekunikaumdlakubakwacacangoku-pheleleyoukubaemvakovavanyoabafundibacingangokutshangolwimilokufundaabalukhethayo.Inanilabafundiabakhethaukufundiswangolwimiolulumbilehlanangonaumahlukoungazangeubemkhulu.AbobakhethaukufundangolwimilwenkobeisiXhosa,lenyukaelabobabengaqinisekangalehlakakhuluabambalwabangenelakwizintluzombini,kwazekwasalaiqaqobana.

Yatsalaumdlaomkhuluyonkelenkqubongakumbiemvakokubambaingxoxoeklasiniemvakokubhalaoluvavanyo.Ngxoxoleyoyayizamaukufu-manisaukubayintonieguquleindlelaababecingangayophambikovavanyolokuqala.Abafundibakhalangokuthiingqondoyaboyaguqulwakukubangaphambiliabazangebafundaizifundozezibalongolwimilwenkobe.Bathiukufundaamagamaenzaingqiqokuqalakwabancedabakulungelaukubhalangolwimilwabo.Batshobaqinisekangakumbiukubaxabengafundangolwimilwenkobe,izifundozabozingalulakubauxanduvalokuzamaukufumanaints-ingiselolinganciphaokanyeliphele.Abanyebabafundibabesakholelwaukubakungconoukufundangolwimiolulumbiukuzekubelulaukuqeshwa,kodwaukulungiselelaukuqondanokubanolwaziolupheleleyonoluphangaleleyo,makufundwengolwimilwenkobe.Abafundibayabanemibonoebethabethanayokdwaenikaumdlakubababenikaizizathunjengokosekukhankanyiwengentla.

Abafundiababengaqinisekangangolwimiambalukhethebaxambulabesithi,ulwimilwabolwenkobealukhokwinqanabaelilinganayonolwimiolulumbi,ngokokenokubabakhethaolwiphiulwimiakwenzimahluko.Nokubakusety-enziswaluphikwezilwimi,loontoayisayikubenzabaqondengokupheleleyo.Ngokutshokwaboizifundozezibalozakuhlalazinzimanokubakusetyenziswaulwimilwenkobeokanyeolulumbinjengolwimilokufundisa.Ukuzamauk-wenzandiqondebanzingokubakucaphulayo,benzaumzekelo,“xautitshalakaziefundisaucacisangokupheleleyoyenangokwakhekodwalongcacisoayindin-cedindiwaqondengokupheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozezibalo.”

Okwakucacilekukubaizizathuzabafundizokungaziukubaluluphiulwimiabathandaukufundiswangaloazisekelwangaekungaziningaphezukokubakuc-ingwebanziphambikokubakuthatyathweisigqibo.Ngexeshaumfundiecacisaoku,obekuvelangamandlakukubaulwimiafundiswangaloaluthwalwaukuyakulwimilokubhala.Loontoidalaimpixwanophakathikolwimiolusetyenziswaxakuthethwanaxakubhalwa.Intoevelengokucacileyokukubaabafundiaba-


luboniunxibelelwanophakathikolwiminezifundozezibalo,indimaedlalwalulwimikwizifundozezibaloibingacacangakwaphela.

Eyonantoyayicacangamandlakukubaabafundiekudliweneindlebenabobabebuzangokubanzingobudlelwaneobuphakathikolwiminezifundozezi-balo.LengqwalaselaiyafananaleyoyenziwekwiiklasiezininziaphoootitshalabebzamaukusebenzaulwimilwaseAfrikanjengolwimilokubhexeshaolusekelwebanzikwimfundoejoliswekulwimiolulumbi(Mbatha,T:2003).

4.2 Izihlokwana ezivela kwingxelo yabafundiAbafundibanikaingxeloephikisanayonenempixwanoekuthiniingabaulwimilwenkobeingalulwimilokufundaokanyeukufundisaizifundozezibalokusinina.Abanyebathiabakwazikunikaigalelokubalombabakhangebawucinge.Imvakalojikeleleyabakukubaloibengumbaotshisaubunziodingauku-qwalaselwangokupheleleyo.Abafundingexeshaloluphandoabakwazangauku-thathaisigqiboesomeleleyosokubakuthiweni.Anyebabobabephakamisauluvooluthiukubabonabevanjaniakunakubangalelonefuthelokuguqulaizintokubabangabantwanabesikolo.Omnyewabouthelombangowesebelezemfundo.Nangonakunjalobathatheinxaxhebaepheleleyongethubakusenziwaudliwan-ondlebeyayebebenaloithubalokuphakamisaokobakucingayonendlelaaba-bonangayoizinto.Okuyekwacacangokupheleleyokusukakumaphephambuzokwakuxoxwabanzingohlobolwezihlokwanaezilandelayo,njengexabisololwimiolulumbinjengolwimilokufundaizibalo,ukubalulekakokufundaizifundozezi-balongolwimilokuqala,uvavanyo,ukusebenzisaabanyeabafundiekufumaneniulwaziolupheleleyolwamagamaenzaingqiqo,nokufunekakoncwadi.

4.2.1 Ixabiso lolwimi olu lumbi ekufundeni izifundo zezibalo

Abafundiabakhethaulwimiolulumbinjengolwimilokufundaizifundozezibalobatheinjongoyaboinikweifuthekukubaulwimiolulumbiluwimiolusety-enziswakumazwengamazwenaphesheyakolwandle.

UthiuXoli:Ukubaufundaamagamaenzaingqiqongolwimiolulumbiunethubaelingconolokutshongendlelaeyiyookoukuthethayongokwezifundozezibalonabantuba-phesheyakolwandlebakuqondanjengokupheleleyo.Ukubaufunaukubayingcalikwizifundozenzululwaziokanyeugqirha,udingaukufundiswaizifundozezibalongolwimiolulumbi.Kubaukubangugqirhakukusebenzangabantuabanemivaenelwimiezahlukeneyongokokukhoimfunekoyokufundaizifundozezibalongolwimiolulumbiukuzeukucaciselaabaobangaluthethiyoulwimilwamlwenkobekubelulaukuqondaukubakuthethwangantoni.Ungawasebenzisanjaniamagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozobugqirhaukubaawuzenzingolwimiolulumbiizifundozezibalo.Kubaxaufundelaubugqirhandicingaukubaakakhoamagamaakulwimilokuqalaaqondwangumntuwonke.Umzekelo,xauhleli

elabhoratriuxubaimithieyenzaamayezaokanyeamayezakumeleuwaqondengokupheleleyoamagamaenzaingqiqoasetyenziswayongokuthiafundiswengolwimiolulumbi.Awekhoamagamaenzaingqiqoangqamenengokuphe-leleyonalaakulwimilwenkobe,ngokokemakusetyenzisweulwimiolulumbi.Ukubaakhoandikevangawo.

Nangonaulwazioluzanabafundibelungeyonxalenyeyoluphando,kuyekwacacaukubakubalulekileukulunikezelanjengengxeloevelakubafundinanjengokoinefutheekukhethenikwaboulwimilokufundaizifundozezibalo.Eyonantoibikhwankqisakukubaisikoloesiasinayoilabhoratriyokumncedaabenol-waziolumayelananoku,ngokokeumbuzokukubaubuchukubhedeobungakaumfundianabongokwempenduloyakhebuvelaphi.Kwakucacilekwimpenduloyakheukubaolulwaziulufumenengokuthethanabantunangokucingabanzingolwimiafundiswangaloeklasiniphambikokubaazaliseiphephambuzolakhe.Ngokutshokwakhe,umkhuluwawakheufundaizifundozenzululwaziyekhompyuthakwizikolemfundoephakamileyontoleyoenokwenzaukubangumthombowolwaziolukhethekileyongokuphathelenenezifundozakhe.Nangonakunjalokumbawolwimiubaniucingelaukubayingcingayakhekubaumkhuluwaakafundizifundoziphathelenenolwimikokoinzululwaziyek-hompyutha.

Abanyeabafundibayebabonakubalulekileukufundangolwimiolulumbikubailulwimiabalwayamanisanokusebenzakwinkqubozikamabonakude.KwakucacileukubaiinkqubozikamabonakudezibenefuthekuWeleekukhet-henikwakheulwimi.Uthexaezalisaiphephambuzoephendulaumbawolwimilokufundisa,“Ukubaufunaukubanenkquboefundisangezifundozezibalokumabonakudekufunekawazingokupheleleyoulwimiolulumbi.”Aphaumfundiakabonimahlukophakathikolwimilokunxibelelananolwimiloku-fundaizifundozezibalo.Xaecacisalempenduloyakheuthi,“Xaubukeleenyeyezinkqubozikamabonakudekukhoutatawomlunguowenzaizifundozezibalooncedaabafundi.Bonkeabafundibakwaziukuthethaulwimiolulumbibay-akwaziukubuzaimibuzoyabo,xaungakwaziukuthethanayeawunakukwaziukubuzaumbuzo.Xauyaziingxakionayokodwaungenaloulwimilokuyicacisaakunakuncedakala.”Naloumfundiulubonaulwimilokunxibelelanalunenxax-hebaoluyidlalayoekufundenikwakheizifundozezibalo.”

Uqhubaathikudliwanondlebe:\Ukubauqeshelweukuqhubainkquboyezifundozezibalolelinyelamazikokamabonakude,akukwazikuqeshwaukubaakuwazingokupheleleyonangoku-fikelelekayoamagamaenzaingqiqo.Loontoithethaukubaakunamsebenzi,akuqeshwanga.Xauthewaqeshwakumeleukwaziukuphendulaucaciseleaba-fundiabangabaphulaphulixabefunauncedo.Inxalenyeyabafundiabafowunayokulenkqubobathethaiilwimiezahlukeneyoosenokungazazi,ngokokekumeleusebenziseulwimiolwaziwangumntuwonke,ulwimiolulumbi.Ukubasiqiniselaukufundangolwimilokuqalakungafunekainkquboleyoiqhutywengokwezithilineziphalukaukulungiselelaukubaijonganeneqelaelithilelabantu.Umzekelo,


ukubasithimakufundweizibalongesiXhosa,makubekhouhlelolukamabon-akudeolujongenenabantuabasebenzisaisiXhosa.

Oluluvolubonakalalucingwengokuphilileyoluchazaukubaumniniwalouluqiqebanzingalophambikokubaalukhuphele.Nangonakunjalo,ukubonaukusetyenziswakweelwimikunxulumenenengqesho.

UYonelaukubonakubalulekileukufundaizifundozezibalongolwimiolulumbikubauthi:

Izifundozezibaloazinakufundiswangolwimilwenkobekubaulwimilwenkobealusetyenziswakwizintonakwiindawoezininzi.Loontoyenzakubenzimaukulusebenzisaekufundwenikwezibalo.Akuhobanindizakuluthethanayeulwimilwamlwenkobekubauninzilwethulusebenzisaulwimiolulumbi.Ukubaakukwazikuthethaulwimiolulumbi,nokubakukancinci,akubinaxabisokoon-tangabakho.Sikhethaukuzamanokubasiluthethanjani.Loontoithethaukubaxandizakufundaizifundozezibalongolwimilwamandizokulusebenzisandawokubawonkeumntuuthethaulwimiolulumbi.Ukwenzangaloizifundozezibaloyintoendingavumelaninayokubaizakundisaphiloonto.Andilwazingokuphe-leleyoulwimilwam,ngokuxandizakufundiswangaloizibaloandinakulunga.Maselendisokoliswalulwimiolusifundangalongokukubandakulusebenzisaphambili.Amagamaamaninzibendiqalaukuwavangokubesifundasilungiselelaukubhalauvavanyokwancedakubandivilekodwangokuandizokuphindandiy-enzeyonkelentobesiyenza.Intoethiandinakukwaziukuphindandisebenziselamagamabesiwafundaphangaphandlekokubasizakuwasebenzisayonkeimihla.

Loumfundiindimayokukhethakwakheulwimilokufundauyayamanisanokungahuhliswangokupheleleyokolwimilwakhelwenkobe.Ukubonakuyintoentleukufundangalokodwaukubalungaphuhliswalusetyenziswekwintoyonkeimihlayonke.Ngokuvakalakwentethoyakhenokubaangakhethaukufundangolwimilwenkobeakanabaniazakulusebenzisanayeololwazikubawonkeumntuungxameleukufundanokusebenzisaulwimiolulumbi.

Omnyeumfundiukhalengokuthi,Izifundozezibaloazikhonzimakumaintoenzimalulwimiolusetyenziswayoxazifundiswa.Utitshalausebenzisaiilwimiezimbini.Loontoindenzangin-gaziukubamandimameleluphi.Uthiusamameleokukhuluesebenzisaulwimilwenkobeatshintshephakathiasebenziseulwimiolulumbi.Ndithindisamamelengokuzithobaokukhulusisukesibeneelwimiezininziisivakalisi.Ndithindisaza-maukumamelaulwimilwenkobeabeutitshalasekulwimiolulumbindiphethendingaziukubandimameleluphikanye.Ngokuphathelenenezifundozezibaloandinangxakikwaphelandiyazithanda.Ngamanyeamaxeshandiyahlulekaku-kubonaukubaabantubayasokolandifuneengqondweniukubainokubayintoniingxakiyabo.Ngokundinofifilwengxakiyabo.Asizozifundozezibaloezenzaingxakilulwimiezifundiswangaloukubabekungafundiswangolwimilwenkobeabantuabaninzibangaziphumelelangokulula.

Ngokuvakalakwentethoyomfundiizigqiboazithathayongolwimilokufundazinikwaifuthekokoacingaukubakwakulungelaabanyenanjengokoengance-

dakalikukusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbini.Ngokuvakalakwalentethoxabe-nokubakhoulwimilokufundisabekungalungaendaweniyokusebenzisaiilwimiezimbinikubaakakhulinakolunyekwezilwimi.Ngokokwakheakanangxakinezifundozezibalokodwauyakwaziukubonaukubonaulwimiludlalaindimaenkuluekuphakamiseniumgangathowokuqondakoogxabakhe.

Xaebuzwaukubauthandonolwazilwezifundozezibaloluphenjelelwayintoni.Utheumkhuluwawakheufundakwizkolemfundoephakamileyoegxilekwizifundozezibalo,nomsebenziazibonaewenzaufunaukubaayikhuthaleleimfundoyezifundozezibalo.Umsebenziafunaukuwenzakukuqhubainqwelo-moya.Loontoyenzaukubaangabuvaubunzimabezifundozezibaloobuviwangogxabakhekubaunenjongonesizathuesiphathekayoesingunobangelawokuqhubakakuhle.Okunyeakuchaphazeleyokukubaekhayauncediswangu-dadewaboofundelaizifundozekhompyuthaukuziqeqeshayonkeimihlaAban-takwabobalithathelakubouxanduvalokumfundisanokumncedisakwizifundonanjengokoyenaengasenabazali.

Uthexaenabangalombauyeaceleabantakwabobamnikeumsebenzikwizifundozezibalo,ingenguwoabawenzaesikolweniyonkeimihlabewuthathakuncwadiolulumbi.Uthikeusebenzisaoluhlobolokuziqeqeshaesebenzisaokobakufundiswaeklasininjengendlelanefomulayokuziqeqesha.Oluhlobolokuziqeqeshalumenzaakhulengakumbikwizifundozezibalontoleyoimenzaukubaahlakaniphekunabafundiafundanabo.Impenduloyakheyenzeukubaoluphandoluqwalaseleukubaingabaiimekozokufundanokungafundikwa-makhayaekuphumakuwoabafundibakweGreyidianefuthekwimpumeleloyezifundozezibalo.

4.2.2 Ifuthe lebanga le mfundo ekhaya kumfundi wakwaGreyidi 7

Abafundiekudliwenenaboindlebekugxilwekwinqanabalemfundolabantuabahlalanaboemakhayalibonakelenjengelinegaleloekuqhubenikakuhleokanyekakubikomfundingamnye.Abafundiabaphumakumakhayaaphokukhoumntuofundakumabangaaphezulubabonakelenjengabakwaziuku-chazabanzingendlelaabakhethengayoulwimilokufundaizifundozezibalo.Babonakelebeqinisekilengeempenduloezityebisaizigqibozokukhethakwaboulwimilokufunda.

Abafundiabaphumakumakhayaaphokungekhomntuufundileyookanyeofundayo,babonakelebebophelelekilebengaqinisekangangokubailelephiingxakiyabo.Xabebuzwaulwimiabakhethaukufundangaloabakhangebaq-inisekengolwimiabalukhethayo.Naxasebenikwaisikhokelosokuthi,“ukhethaulwimiolulumbi”athiewe.Kuphindwekuthiwe,“ukhethaulwimilwenkobe”,avume.Bekungekhontoiphembelelaizigqibozabongolwimilokufunda.

Oludidilwabafundi,beluthixalubuzwangobukhobomntuofundayookanyeofundileyoxaethekantiukhobebekhalangokuthiabamaziukuba


wenzantoniesikolweniokanyewaphumelelantoniesikolweni.Loontoithetheukubanangonakufundiweekhayakukhoumrhibawokungaziukubaliyintoniixabisolokufundaobangelaukubakungabikholunxibelwanophakathikowafun-dayonofundayo.Loontoidaleukubaikhayalibelikhayaelingayiboninjengentoebalulekileyointoyokuncediswakwabantwanakwizifundookanyeyokuthethanabantwanangezifundozabo.Ofundayouyazifundela,kubonakeleokokoludidilwabafundi.

Abafundiabaninziabakoludidilwabafundibakhalengokungabinaxeshalakuziqeqeshakubakungekholuncedobalufumanayoekhaya.Abanyebathixabezamaukuziqeqeshababonelwemisebenziyimbiyaphakathikwekhaya.Ngokokekulemekoisikoloxasiphumilekutshoukubanethubalomsebenziwesikoloalikho.Okukutyhilaumsantsaophakathikomzali,okokufundwayonomfundi.Loontoyenzaukubaumzaliangaziukubawenzantoniumntwanawakheeqhubanjani,nomntwanakwelinyeicalauxakekakokoaxakekiswengakongumzali.Umsebenziwesikolouphethauyintoyasesikolweningexeshalesikoloekwakuhlanganwanawokusukuolulandelayongexeshalesikolo.Ukungabikhokonxibelelwanophakathikwababantusebekhankanyiwe(utitshala,umfundinomzali)kwenzakubenzimaukuphuhlisangokupheleleyookoabafundibaku-fundiswaesikolweni.Kubaootitshalabahleliethembenilokubaabafundibayafundaxabefikaekhaya,ukantiabazalibabonaumsebenziwasekhayauhambaxakubuyaabantwanababoesikolweni.Ithikelontoidaleimpixwanonokusilelakokuziqeqesakwabafundikokobakufundiswayo.

4.2.3 Ukubaluleka kokufunda izifundo zezibalo ngolwimi lwenkobe

Ezizihlokwanaziphumakumaphephambuzozithandeukubanemibonoephix-anayo.Abafundibabonaukubakulungileukufundaizifundozezibalongolwimilwenkobe.UPhaphamaubonakulungileukufundiswangolwimilwenkobekuba,“Ubanixaefundaizifundozezibaloakasebenzisilwimiemsebenziniukwenzaokokufunwayonokubawenzaumsebenziofunaizifundozezibalousebenzisaifomula.”LombonokaPhaphamaubonaulwimilungenantoyakwenzanohlobolomsebenziazakuwenzakubaulwimiolulumbiolusetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloalusetyenziswaemsebenzini.Ngeliphandle,xaungugqirhakulungileukuphumelelaizifundozezibaloukuzeubenguyenokufundaizifundozezibalokodwaxausebenzaunyangaizigulanaawusebenzisizifundozazibalokokoulwaziolufumenengenxayokuphumelelaizifundozobugqirhaezileleembindiniwokuphumelelaizifundozezibalo.

Abafundinangonabebevumelanangokufundangolwimilwenkobekodwabebenezizathuezahlukeneyo.UKhonaongomnyewabafundiabaphumelelaemagqabinikwaGreyidi7Authe,

kulungileukufundaizifundozezibalongolwimilwenkobe.Eyonantoindibange-laukubanditshokukubaabafundiabaninzikuleklasiyamabaqondingokuphele-

leyoukubakufunwantonikanyexakubuzwaimibuzoethile.Loontoibangelwalulwimiolusetyenziswayoasifikelelikulosonke.Abanyebayazithandaezizifudnokodwangenxayokungaqondingokupheleleyoulwimibabanengxakienkulu.

Xakusithiwamakawutyebiselombuzongokuthiacaciseukubaufikelelanjanikulembono.Uthi:

Xasisebenzasingamaqelasiyathetha,sibonisanesincedane.Abafundibayathethangeengxakizaboyayeinkolisoyezongxakiiphathelenenolwimilokufundaizibalo.Siyakwaziukuncedanakumaqelaethukubasisenzisaulwimilokuqalaolungaxutywangakwinqanabaesivanakulo.Loontoyenzaukubakubelulauku-ncedanakubaasoyikaniakukhowazingconokunomnye.Abazingconokunathibayasifundisaukuzenathisibenomqondoongconowokokuthethwangakokuloongxakiithileyezibalo.Xakunokuqiniselwaekusebenziseniulwimilwenkobeiingxakizokungaqondizingambalwa.

USikiubonekubalulekileukufundangolwimilwenkobekubauthi:nangokuxandithethaulwimiolulumbindiqalandicingengolwimilwamndanduleukucingaintsingiseloyamagamangolwimiolulumbi.Lontoayenzekikwizifundozezibalokubaandiwaziamagamaenzaingqiqongolwimilwenkobe.Ukubabendiwaziamagamaenzaingqiqongolwimilwenkobengekululauku-phumelelaemagqabinikubakwezinyeizifundondiyazphumelelandibethwanjezizifundozezibalo.Besingavuyaukubabekunokubakhouvavanyoolufananolubesilubhala,aphosinikwaithubalokufundiswangolwimilwenkobesizesibhalengalo.Okukungenzakubelulaukukhethaizifundoxakufikwakumabangaaphezuluemfundokubaandikazaziukubandizakukhethaziphi.

Okucacayokokukuthethwangumfundikukubaamathubaakheokuqondangokupheleleyoizifundozezibalokuxhomekengokupheleleyokulwimialuse-benzisayoukufundaizibalo.Aamgamaezenzaingqiqongokuvakalekwalentethakungenzakubelulaukufikelelangokupheleleyokwintsingiselonendlelayokusebenzisaamagama.Uphindeayamaniseukuphumelelakwakheizibalonekamvalemfundoyakhe.

UThobelaungqinelananoogxabakhengolwimiomalusetyenziswekodwanezakheizizathuzahlukilekubouthi:

Mnaandinagxakinezifundozezibalondiziqondangokupheleleyondivelaababangaqondiyoukubakuthiwani.Ibuhlunguintoyokubonaukubangekubauyazamaumntuqhaakukwazikumncedangokupheleleyokubanaweawuwazingokuphelelyolamagamananjengokoengafundiswangolwimilwethulwenkobe.Utitshalauyaxubaxaefundisaloontoyenzekubenzimakakhulukubongenxayokungaziukubauxubaxakutheni.Ngawaphiamagamaawafakakulwimiolulumbiibengawaphiawashiyaekulwimilwenkobe.Ingabalaakulwimilwenkobe,ngamagamaenzaingqiqookanyengalawoasebenzanjengezihlomeloukuzeibenendililentokuthethwangayo.Akululangaukufundaizifundozezibaloxaungaziqondi.Kubanzimangakumbixazifundiswangeelwimiezimbiningaxeshanye.Mnandiyaziqondakubandiyazithandakodwanamndiyabhidekangamanyeamaxesha,kubandiyazikisaukucingandizamaukufumanisaukubaeyonanto


yenziwayoyiyiphi.Kodwakendithiemvakweklasindizameukuzifundelandiy-iqondeloontoyenziwayokubakemnaandinagxakingezifundozezibalo.

Okukuthethwangumfundikubonakalisaimbidekoathiabenayoumfundixakuqhutywaizifundozezibalongenxayendlelaekusetyenziswangayoulwimi.Ukubabekusetyenziswaulwimilolukuqalabekuyakubakhoukuqondaokuthexhaxhekokokufundiswayo.Ebezakuchithaixeshaelincinciezamaukuqondaizifundozezibalo.Okwenzekayongokwalengxeloyakhekukwenzaizintoezimbiningexeshaelinye,kwelinyeicalaufundaolwimingelinyeabeefundaizi-fundozezibalo.Ntoleyoyenzaukubakubeluxanduvaolukhulukuyeukuzamaukuqondaukubakuthethwangantonikanye.

USiyaukhalengokuthikulungileukufundangolwimilwenkobekubaxaufundangolwimiolulumbikunzimaukucinganokuqondangokupheleleyookokuthethwangutitshala.Amaxeshaamaninziucingaukubauyaqondaukubaku-fundiswantonikantinokoakunjalo.Uthiukungaqondingokupheleleyokudan-dalazaxaubaninobaniezakusebenzaeyedwa.Uthiezamaukucingangobekun-gumyalelokatitshalaafumaniseukubaakaqondangangokupheleleyonangonaebecingaukubauyaqonda.Okukulimazaumdlawakhekwizifundozezibalokubauzibonaengalungikwaphela.Kuloko,ngokutshokwakhekungconoukuzi-fundangolwimilwenkobe.Kwenzaumahlukoomkhulu.

4.2.4 Iimbono zabafundi ngolwimi lovavanyoOmnyewabafundiukhalengokuthiukubakufundiswangolwimilwenkobeku-meleukubakuthethwenangeendlelazokuvavanyaulwazilwabo.Uthe,“nanjen-gokosingazibhalingolwimilwenkobeiimvavanyo,andikholelwaukubasimelwekukufundangalo.Kuncedantoniukufundangolwimilokuqalaxalungasety-enziswangexeshalovavanyo.Konakuyintoentleukufundangolwimilwenkobekubaloontoindincedaekufumaneniulwazioluphangaleleyonolupheleyo.Ndifikelelangokuphelelyokulwazilwamagamaenzaingqiqoingxakikukubaandizikulisebenzisaxakuqhutywauvavanyo.”

Okukuthethwangulomfundikuthethantoinyeukubaindlelaesiwujongengayoumbawolwimikumeleungaphelelikulwimilokubhexeshakokougqithelephambilanakubaudibanisaamasolotyaamaninziathungelanayo,ulwimilokufun-disaizifundo,ulwimilokubhala,ulwimilokuthetha,ulwimilovavanyonolwimilweencwadikwanolosisukanaloekhaya.Kwezilwimiloluphiolulungeleukufundisaizifundozezbalo.Loontoyenzaukubakubekhoukungaziukubakanyesivumelanangaluphinajengokokungekhontoicahzaoko.Okunyekukuthiabafundibayaziukubalilungelolakhenabaniukufundaokanyeukufundiswangolwimilwakhelwenkobe.Kodwaukuzeelilungeloliphumelelekumeleukubakubekhoukuvu-melanangendlelayokusebenzisaulwimikubaokwangokuulwimilokufundisaluzimelelodwanololokuncokolaluzimele,loontoidalaumsantsaomkhulueku-setyenziswenikolwimi.Okukucelaumngenikwiindlelazovavanyoziphindezidaleumqoboekuphumezeninasekufezekisenielilingekudekubekukhookwenziwayo.

4.2.5 Uncedo lokufundiswa kwabafundi ngabanye Kuyekwacacangokumhlopheukubaabafundiabaninzibakhethaukufundakwabanyeabafundikunokufundiswangutitshalaeklasini.Abaziqondangconoizifundobebethixabesebenzabengamaqelanabaxhaseabanyengolwazi.Ngexe-shalokufundisaabafundiabanaxeshalaneleyolokubuzaimibuzongaphandlekwasekuphelenikomsetyenzanangamnye.Loontoayiqinisekisiukubabaqondabanzingokokuthethwangako.

Utitshalaubebabuzaabafundiukubaabanamibuzoxaefundisa.Abafundibebethulaamaxeshaamaninziazeutitshalaabanikeumsebenziwezifundozezi-baloamabawenzeeklasini.Nangonaabafundibebekhangelekabethulebengafu-niukusebenzangokuthibathethe,xabesebenzangokwamaqelababonisaumdlangokubuzanaimibuzo.Izizathuabazibekileyoezingunobangelawokungaphen-dulixabebuzwaimibuzoluloyikolokumanyelwayiklasiyonkekubabesoyikaukubhuda.Elinyeicalaloloyikalwabokukungaqinisekingeempendulozabo.

Abanyebabafundibaphendulebesithixabebuzwaukubakuthenibekhethaukusebenzanabanyeabafundikunotitshala,iyintoniebancedayoukubabathatheinxaxhebaekusebenzenibengamaqela.

Kululaukusebenzasingamaqelakubaucelaomnyeaphindeokobekuthethwangutitshalangexeshaefundisa.Intoeyenzakubelulakukubasonkesisebenzisaulwimiolunye,asixubi.Enyesiqhelenesidlalasonke,akukhoufundeukugqithaomnyeyayesihlalaelokishinienye.Sazanakakhulungokokesisebenzisaelothubaukucelauncedo.

XakubuzwauMandla,omnyewabafundiothandaukuncedaabanyekubaeziqondaizifundozezibaloukuba,yintoniemenzaathandeukusebenzanabanyeabafundingenjongoyokubanceda.Uthexaephendula,“Ndiyakuthan-daukucaciselaabanyeabafundixabengaqondikakuhle.Loontoindenzandizivendinegaleloelibalulekileyokubahlobobamyayekendifunabaphu-melelenjengam.”

Impenduloyakheiqinisekisentonyeukubauzibonaesemagunyeninas-emandleniagqithaawabanyeabafundi.Unobangelawaloontolulwazianalolwezifundozezibalonokuthiabanyeabafundibambonanjengesisombululokwiingxakiabanazozezifundozezibalo,nokubakukungaqondiutitshalangoku-pheleleyookanyeukungaqondizifundongokwazo.

Omnyeumfundiuthe:Siyakhululekaxasisebenzasingamaqelakubaakukhomfundimdalakunom-nye,nokubmdalasonkesingabafundixasilapha.Ngokoke,sijonganakwelonqanaba.Xasifundiswangutitshalasikhethaukuthulanokubaasiqondikubaxautheakuqondi,uzakubuzaukubayindawonileungayiqondiyokanye.Xauchazaindawoongayiqondiyoabuzeukubayintoniongayiqondiyongayo.Xakufikwaaphokubanzimaukuyicukulaukubayiyonayiphi.Xasise-benzasingabafundisisonke,xasisenzaloosamuyabuzakuloukuncedisayoxaezakudlulakwinqwanqwaeklithile,ukuba“wenzenjaniukuzeufumane


loompendulokubaandiyiqondi”akucaciseleinqwanqwanenqwanqwaudeuqonde.Sincedakalekengoku.Uphumauqondangokupheleleyoxasisebenzasingamaqela.

Xakubuzwaukubakutheniengenzinjalonakutitshala,uthixaephendula.“Aphaeklasiniutitshalaakajongananganamsibaninzi,sonkesifunauncedolwakhe.Amaxeshaamaninzikukubaakudekuqhelekeukubuzakutitshalaukhu-lulekilenangonasizakugqibaunyakakunyenaye.”

Abafundibebebonisaibakalaeliphezululokucingaxabephendulaim-ibuzo.Inyeintoesengumnqakukubaxabephendulabakhangelaiimpen-duloezikhuselaokobakuthethayongotitshalawabo.Amaxeshaamaninzibanikaimpenduloeyenzaukubaibengaboabakwicalaelingenzikakuhlekunokubakuthiwengutitshalawabo.Umzekelowokongowomfundiothe,“utitshalawethuulungileuyasinikaithubalokubuzaimibuzo,uyazamaukusifundisaiintsingiselozamagamaenzaingqiqoxaefundisa.Ndiyabonaukubasithiababangamameliyookanyesimamemlangoloyiko.Oluluvoluthweleimpixwanoxaingekhointoyokoyikwaumbuzoovelayouthi,‘yintonieyenzaboyike.’”

Okunyeobekubukelekakukubonaindlelaabamamelanangayoabafundi.Xalowoucacisayoethethawonkeumntuuthiqwaajongekuyokuphethweiipenikubhalwaphantsiokokutshiwoyongesithozelaesikhulu.Wonkeumntuebenikaithubakulowouthethayokungekhokuphazamisa.Ozamaukwenzaingxoloubexelelwaukubamakaphumekubabonabafunaukwenzaumsebenziwabokakuhle,kungekhongxolonasiphazamiso.Ngexeshakusondelwaiiklasiubufu-manisaukubakukhoukumamelingokupheleleyo.Xautitshalaefundisabak-honaabobenzaamahum-hum,akuthangacwaka.Yonkelentoyenzekwakhoumbuzoothi,ingabaukungamamelingokupheleleyokwabafundixautitshalaefundisa,kuzalwakukungabinangqinisekonakufikelelangokupheleleyokumagamaenzaingqiqookanyeokoakufundisayookanyelulwimilokufundisaolunikaloongxaki.

Bekusithixabegqibaukucaciselanabenzeizilungisozokobakuphosileyokumsetyenzanalowobawunikiweyo.Xabebuzwaukubaoluhlobolofundalubancedanjani,uthiuZama.

Xasisebenzasingabafundisiyalungisana,siyahlekanakungekholuxinzelelolokubakufunekamawuzifumanechanekileyoiimpendulokubaakukhomanqakuuzakuwafumana,okanyeakukhomntuuzakubuzaimibuzoongazikukwaziukuyiphendula.Sikhululekekakhuluxasisebenzasingamaqelana,silungisanangomoyaomhle,sifundisanangomoyaomhle.Ozivaediniweuphumaecalenikubasiyazimiselaxasisebenzasisodwa.Baninziabantuabakhethaukucaciselwangabanyeabafundikunokubabacaciselwengutitshala.Sivelesithulesingatshoukubaasivakubasisaziukubasizakwenzaelethuithubasicaciselane.Ngamanyeamaxeshaasidlalingexeshalokudlala,ingaku,biukubaizifundozezibalozisemvakweloxesha.Unobangelawokosifunaukuphumelelaemagqabinikubamaninziamathubaebhasarixawenzaizifundozezibalo.

Xaebuzwaukubaulwaziolunjalouluthathaphiuthi,“Ubukelaumabonakudekakhulusolokokukhuthazwaabafundiukubabazenzeezizifundo.”

UNoniyenauthiisizathusokubaakhetheukucaciselwangabanyeabafundikukuba,“akaboyiki.”Uqhubaathi,umfundiamqondangconoxaebancedanguKKkubaukaKKungumntuothandaukucacisaxaethethanokuthakazelelayoukuncedaabafundi.Usebenzisaimizekeloyezintoaba-zaziyoloontoyenzaukubakubelulaukumqondangokupheleleyo.WenzeumzekelongovavanyoababekhebalubhalawaluphumelelakubaebekhewahlalaphantsinoKKezamaukumcaciselangeemiloze2Dne3D.Uthikwabangconoesakubaecaciselwenguyekubawamxelelangolwimialuvayonaluqondangokupheleleyo.Indlelaawaziqondangayoezimilokwancedakubawamphathelaimizekeloebonakalayo.Xakuthethwangezimilokuthet-hwangebonisaububanziubudenomyinge,kuzekuthethwengonobubanzinobude.Uthexaembonisaiibhokisiezinokusetyenziswaukucacisaoku,waqondangconokunokubabekucaciswaeklasini.

Uthiendaweniyokubautitshalaancomewabuzaukuba,“Uncedwengu-baniukubauqondengokupheleleyookokufundiswayo.”Uthiwaqondaaphoukubauqhubekakuhlekubanalombuzoawumphelisangamandla.Ngokutshokwakhe,waqondaukubauzakucelauncedolukaKKamaxeshaonkeenomseben-ziwesikolo.Nangonaukuncedanakwabafundikubonakalanjengenyeyeendlelayokumelananeengxakizezifundozezibalo,ingxakiengathiivelekwimekoenjekukubaabafundibazibonebexhomekekekwabanyeukufumanaizifundozezibalongendlelaelungileyoingekukoukuqinisekisaukubabafumanaulwaziolupheleleyo.

Xaebuzwaukubaakukholuncedoalufumanayonaekhaya,utheusisiwakheakaziqondingokupheleleyoizifundozezibalonangonaefundilekekufananokubaakukhoncedo.Ugxinisisileukubayenauncedwangusisiwakhekwez-inyeizifundoezifananejiografinezifundozenzululwazikodwaukhaphantsikwizifundozezibalo.

UJoyyenawathiuthandaukusebenzanabobonkenjeabakrelekrelekwizi-fundozezibalokubayenaakamvakwaphelautitshalawakhenangonaefundisakamnandi.Uthiakumelangaukubabayamoyikakubaakakhorhabaxakodwakukholentoyenzakubenzimaukumbuzaokanyeukucelauncedo.Lenkca-zelokaJoyyenyeyemibaengekhomitshakwiiklasizethu.Abafundiboyikaukubuzakubaabqinisekangangokobakubuzayobakhetheukuthulakubaxabebuzwaukubabakhombelendawobangayiqondiyokubanzima.Ubunzimaabudalwakukubabukhalibukatitshalangamanyeamaxeshakokobudalwakukubaabafundiabaqheliswangaukuthethadebafikekumabangaaphezuluemfundo(Cleghorn:1989).Okukungaqhelikuthethanokucelaumngenikokokufundiswayokuvalaamathubaabafundiokuziqhelisaukuthetha,ba-phethebekhangelandlelazimbizokulungisaiingxakizaboendaweniyokuyakutitshala.


4.� Isigaba sesibini 4.3.1 Ingxelo ephuma kumaphephambuzo ootitshala Amaphephambuzoalungiselelweootitshalaaquletheimibuzoenjongoyawoikukuqinisekisaukubaingabaootitshalabakhethaukufundisangolwiphiul-wimi,bayijonganjaniindimaedlalwalulwimikwizifundozezibalo,bayacinganangayoxabehlelaizifundozaboabazakuzifundisa.Emvakwephephambuzokwabakhoimibuzoebingalungiselelwangaiphephambuzoeyanyanzelisaukubaibuzwenanjengokoyayivelangexeshabephendula,ntoleyoyanyanzelisaukubakubanjweudliwanondlebenotitshalawesikoloesisisisizasophando.Okunyeokutsaleumdlakukuzamaukuphandaukubabanolwaziolungakananiootitshalangabafundibabo.

Imibuzoibimengoluhlobo(njengokokuvelakwizihlomelo):• Usebenzisaluphiulwimiukubhexeshaizifundozezibalo?• Abafundibakhobathethaluphiulwimi?• Lomelelekangananiulwazilwabololwimilwenkobe?• Balusebenzisaxakutheni(ulwimilwenkobe)?• Bayamelananemibuzoebhalwengolwimiolulumbi?• Bafikelelangokupheleleyoekuqondeniamagamaenzaingqiqo?• Xabengaqondingokupheleleyo,nzameziniozenzayo?• Uqinisekisanjaniukubabaqondangokupheleleyo?

Ootitshalabavumelanangokuthibasebenzisaulwimiolulumbixabefundisaamagamaenzaingqiqokodwaulwimilokuthwalalomagamakulwimilwenko-be.OkwacacayokukubaulwimilwesiXhosalusetyenziswaukukhuphelaulwazi,ukuxoxakumaqelaabasebenzakuwoabafundinaxakuthethwanjeeklasininjengaxabenikwaimiyaleloabafundi.

NangonaleiyingxelokatitshalaokubonakeleyongexeshakusenziwauqwalaseloeziklasinikukubaabafundibasebenzisaulwimilwesiXhosaku-maqelaabo.Xabethethangezintoezibhekiselekwizifundozezibalobazamaukuthethaulwimiolulumbizeamagamaazizihlanganisinezimelabizoan-gasetyenziswangendlelaeyiyo.Akubonakalikumnikangxakiokuutitshala,kokouyaqhubekaazameukuphandangesiXhosaokokutshiwongumfundi.Lombhodamoubonakelekwiiklasiaphokuqhutyweuphandolokusetyenziswakweelwimikubafundiabalulwimilwabolwenkobelungaphuhliswangalwalung-elaukufundisaizifundozezibalo(MlamanoMateru).

UninzilwabafundiluthethaisiXhosa,ulwimilwenkobekootitshalanaba-fundi.Ngokutshokukatitshala,nanjengokokuthethwaulwimiolunyengumntuwonkekweziklasizezifundozezibalo,akubonakalikukhoimfunekoyokubaku-setyenzisweulwimiolulumbi.Ulwimilwenkobelolonalwimilusetyenziswayoukugxininisaokoabekufundisilenokuqinisekisaukubaulwazilufunyenwe.

Nangonakunjalookuakungqinelaninokokuthethwangabafundinjengokosekuchaziwengentla.

Ngokwamukubonakucacileukuba,kukhoimfunekoyokuphuhlisaulwimilwenkobelufikelelakwiqondolokubalulungeleukufundisaizifundozezibalo.Unobangelawokukukuqaphelaumsantsaokhoyoxaabafundibethethangolwi-milwabonaxabethethangolwimiolulumbi.Xabesebenzisaulwimiolulumbibathathaixeshaelideukantixabesebenzisaolwenkobe,bayatyibilikaukucacisaokobathethangako.Ngelilodwaabafundiabamelanineemfunozolwimiolulumbiekufundeniizifundozezibalokubaabanazoezomfuno.Lubenolwimilwenkobelungomelelangakangakoukubalumelaneneemfunozezifundozezi-balo.

Ootitshalabakhankanyeukubaukusebenzisaulwimiolulumbinjengolwimilokufundisaizifundozezibaloakusosisombululokubaabafundiabafikelelingok-upheleleyoekuqondeniokokufundiswayo.Abafundibenzangathibayaqondakubabengaqinisekangangombaabangawuqondiyo.Kumaxeshaamaninzikuvelaukubabathi(abafundi)bevilebayaqonda,kantiabathethiloonto.

Kumbuzowokubabenzantoniukuqinisekisaukubakukhoulwaziolubanji-weyongabafundi.Batheamaxeshaamaninziabaziukubabenzenjaningeengxa-kizolwimiabajongenenazo.Abanyebathebasebenzisaingxubevangeyolwimilwenkobenolulumbi.Abanyebathebasebenzisaimizekeloesukakwiincwadiezizezinye,njengemagazini,amaphephandaba(SundayTimes)kunyeneencwadiezisetyenziswakwezinyeizikolongabanyeootitshala.Abanyeootitshalabathebasebenzisaabafundiabaqondangconokunabanyekubaokokubonakalangathikusebenzangconokweyakheiklasi.

Ukuqinisekisaukubaabfundibevileokanyebayaqondaootitshalabathe,bakhaimisetyenzanaethiyenziwengabafundi.Imisetyenzanaleisetyenziswanjengendlelaethileyokuvavanyaukuqondakubafundi.Yilemisetyenzanakeechazayongokuthiixoxwengumntuwonke,elowoechazaindlelaafikelelengayokwisiphumosakhe.Lemisetyenzanaiqaleyenziwengumntueyedwakuzeethubenibanikweomnye(abafundi)abazakuthibawenzebengamaqela.Isizathusokubabasebenzebengamaqelakukubautitshalawenzelaukuqinisekangokuba,ongaqondangangexeshakucaciswangumntuwonkeamanyatheloabawatha-bathileyoukufikakwisiphumo,ancedwengamalungueqelaelo.

Lombuzowazalaomnyeumbuzo,othi:Amiselwanjaniamaqelakuleklasi.Kwiklasizesikoloesisisizasophando,abafundibanekwiqelangalinye,kwesosineukhonaowomelelekakhulukulwazilwezifundozezibalo,omnyewomelelenjeabanyebayazama.Isizathuesinikwangutitshalakukuqinsekisaukubaaba-fundibanikanainkxasoepheleleyouxanduvalungahlalikumfundiomnyeuku-ncedaumntuwonke.KodwaoluhlobolokwakhaamaqelalubonakalalusebenzakwaGreyidi7aphoabafundibaziindidiokanyeizintluezintathu.KwaGreyidi7aphoabafundibakudidilwesibininolwesithathukunzima,ngokutshoku-katitshala.Unobangelawokubakubenzimaabafundibaleklasiabomelelangakwaphelakwizifundozezibalo.


Izihlokwanaeziphumekwiphephambuzonodliwanondlebeolubanjwenoot-itshalayabazezizilandelayo:

i) Ukungabinamdlawokufundakubafundiii) Ubunjanibolwimilwezifundozezibaloiii) Izixhobozokufundisa(iincwadizezifundozezibalo,amagumbiokufun-

dela,ithalalencwadinezinye).iv) Ifuthelemithethoebekwangabasemagunyeni

Imiba evele kwiphepha le mibuzo yotitshalaOotitshalaababuzwauluvolwwabongombawolwimikwizifundozezibalobavezaokukulandelayo,ulwimilwesiNgesi:

• lulwimioluthethwakwezoqoqosho• Kwimfundoyamabangaaphakamileneeyunivesithi• Lulwimilweencwadi• Lusetyenziswangabantuabakwiindawoeziphezuluekuhlalenikwethu• UkufundisaizifundozezibalongesiXhosa

Ngokutshokootitshalaokokunganefutheelibikubafundikubabelungiselelwaukuyakukhuphisananehlabathiliphela.Okukwacacisaukubaakukholulakootitshalaukwahlulaphakathikolwimilokunxibelelananokuncokolakunyenolwimilokufunda.XakuthethangokufundwakwezibalokwangokobakubonaulwimilwesiNgesilubalulekilengenxayemibaefananezoqoqosho,ukuthethanabantu,ukuyaphesheyakwezilwandlengenjongoyokusebenzaokanyeukutha-thainxaxhebakwezopolitiko.Okonakulibalekayokukubaulwimilusisixhobolokufikelelakulwaziolunzulungokokufundiswayo.Ntoleyoingenakwenzanolwimiesilusebenzisamihlalexasincokola.

4.3.2 Iziphumo zephephambuzo likatitshala wakwaGreyidi 7

Utitshalaobeyinxalenyeyoluphandonanjengokoengutitshalawezifundozezibalokwisikoloekuqhutywekusouphandoudlaleindawoebalulekileyokoluphando.Kuyekwakhoimfunekoyokubakubanjweudliwanondlebekunyenayengelizamaukuqondaezakheiimbonomayelanolwimilokufundaizifundozezibalo.Utitshalaubuzwelemibuzoilandelayo:

• Usebenzisaoluphiulwimixaufundisaizifundozezibalo?• Kutheniusebenzisaololwimi?• Abafundibaluqondangokupheleleyo?• Zeiziphiiingxakiohlangananazoekufundiseniizifundozezibalo?

Utitshalalemibuzouyilandelayouyiphendulengelithi:XaefundisausebenzisaulwimilwesiNgesi.UnobangelawokusebenzisaulwimilwesiNgesiuthenguno-bangelawokubaabafundixabebhalabasebenzisaulwimilwesiNgesingokokeakabonimfunekoyokusebenzisaulwimilwesiXhosa.Utheincwadiayisebenzi-sayonjengomthombowokucwangisaokoazakufundisaibhalwengesiNgesingokokeusebenzisaolulwimiixeshaelininzi.UvavanyouluchazenjengeyonantoibangelukubaasebenziseulwimilwesiNgesikubaefunaabafundibomelelekulo.

Lempenduloyakheidaleumbuzoothi,XakantiukusebenzisaulwimilwesiNgesilwenzaukubaabafundibomeleleekuqondeninasekusebenziseniulwimilwesiNgesi,inagbakutheniiiklasizakhe(uGreyidi7noB)zingaphumeleliemagqabiningobungakobazo.Kuthenikuphumelelaabafundiabambalwa?

Impenduloyakheithe,“AbafundiabaluqondingokupheleleyoulwimilwesiN-gesiabajongenenaloeziklasini.Bathingokusebewaqondaamagamaenzaingqiqokubenzimaukuwasebenzisangokupheleleyoezifundwenizabokubabengaqinisekangangentsingiselo.”Utshoebalulaukubayintoeyingxakiyakheleyokubanayeakomelelangakwaphelakulwimilwenkobentoemenzaukubaangakwaziukucacisangokupheleleyongaloxaefundisa.Okukudizaukubaukungasetyenziswakolwimilwenkobekuqeqesholootitshala,kwenzaukubanabobangomelelingokugqibeleleyokulwimilwabonanjengokobelugqibelakwibangaleshumiesikolweni.Loontoithethaukubauwlimilokuqalalootitsha-laalomelelanganjengolwabafundintoleyoyenzakubenzimaukunikaabafundiuncedoolupheleleyongokubhekiselelekulwimi.

Ngokutshokwakhe(utitshala)lentoidaleukubaasebenziseiilwimiezimbi-nixaefundisa,ulwimilwenkobenolulumbikubafundi.Xakubuzwaukubaokokuqinsekisaukufikelelangokupheleleyonakwintsingiselo.Uphendulengokuthi,nangonakungaqinisekisiukubaabafundibafikelelangokupheleleyokwintsin-giselonasekuqondeniizifundozabokodwakwenzakubelulaukuqondaukubakuthethwangantoni.Omnyeumbuzoovuswenguloibekukuzamaukuqondaukubaingabakubancedanjanookuabafundikubakuhoumahlukophakathikolwimilokufundisa(ukuhambisaulwazi)nolwimilwezifundozezibalo.Lokeumbuzoakahengekubelulaukuwuphendulakubakufunekeujongwengelawoixeshananjengokoubufunainkcazelonemizekeloyokokubuzwangumphandi.Owokugqibelaumbuzoibekeukuzamaukuqondaukubautisthalauzivanjaningokufundiswakwezifundozezibalo.Utheyenaangakwamkelaokongezandlazakhezozibinikodwakuqalekuqinisekisweukubaiincwaiezisetyenziswayozizakubhalwangolwimilwenkobe,iimvavanyonazozakwenziwangolwimilwen-kobe.Xakonkeokusekwenziwekungaqalakekufundiswengolwimilokuqalangokupheleleyo.

Omnyeumbuzooyewavelaibengozamaukuqondaukuba,ingabayenatitshalaxaesebenzisaiilwimiezimbini,utshintshaxakundawoni?Utitshala


uphednulengokuthiuqinisekisaukubautshintshaxaezamaukucacisaokokun-gaviwangangabafundi.Ngamanyeamaxeshautshintshaindlelayokusebenzisaulwimixaengaziokanyeengaqinisekangaukubaigamaelithilelithethaukuthiningolwimilokuqala.

4.3.3 Ukungabi namdla wokufunda kubafundiOotitshalaabaphendulaamaphephambuzobakhankanyeukungabinamdlakwabafundiekufundeningokuzinikela.

Abafundiabazimiselangakwaphela,uthethauncamekubekungekhontoun-okuyenzangaloonto.Ufikaeklasiniubafundise,xaubuzaukubabevilenabathibevile.Loontoyenzauxakweungaziukubamawuqalephixasebengasaqhubikakuhlekodwabathebevile.

Xaebuzwautitshalaukubasinokubasiyintoniisizathusokungabinamdlakwabafundiekufundeniizifundozezibalo.Wathi,

Abafundiesinabobasukakumakhayaaphoabazalibangafundangaokanyebephelekumabangaaphantsiemfundo.Loontoyenzaukubakungabikhoangahoywangokupheleleyoumfundiukubauyawenzanaumsebenziwakhe.Okukungahoywakwenzaibengumfundingokwakheekufunekaeziqhubilekodwana-laphoakakwaziukuziqhubangaphandlekokubaumzalinayeaqinisekengokubauyamnikaithubalokwenzaumsebenziwesikolo.Abafundibethubasukakumak-hayaapholingaziwayoixabisolencwadi,loontoyenzakubenzimakubafundiukuqhelananeencwadi.

Omnyeutitshalaukhalengokuthi,Abafundiabanambekokubanokubaungafundisangokuzimiselaxabengafunikuwenzaumsebenziabafuniakukhontounokuyenzangaloonto.Uthiseleucingaukubohlwayaucingengamalungeloabanawoagqithaawotitshalawoyikenokubachukumisa.Loontoyenzabangaqhubikakuhlekwaphelakwizifundozezibalokubazifunaumntuozimiseleyoongazokuqhutywangasemva.Zizifundoezifunanjeukubaumntuazixeleleukubauzakuzenzelanangelakheixeshaangalindiutitshala.”

Okuvelekwacacakukubobonkeootitshalakukubaabafundiabanayokwaintoebenzabaliboneixabisolemfundo.Xaubakhuthazangokufundabakubuzaukubabazakwenzantonibonabakupasakubakukhoabantuabaninziabafundileyokod-waabangeqeshwanga.Loontoiyonkeyenzakubenzimaukukhuthazaabafundiabanjalobabukelaumabonakudengaphezukokumamemelaabazali.Mhlawumbineengxoxoeziphathelenenemfundoasingxoxozifanezibanjweekhaya.

Xabebuzwaootitshalaukubamalingemaniabawenzileyoukuqinsekisaukubaabafundibayalufumanaulwaziabangalufumaniyoekhaya.Bathebona“asikabinazinkqubozilungiselelweoku.Siyathembaukubainkquboyelife skillsizakuncedaukuvalalomsantsawokungabinamdlawokufundauphakathikwabafundinezifundozabo.”

Ezinyezezintoabazichaphazeleyoootitshalakukungabikhobaninzikwa-bantuabafundayokulengingqiokanyeabadalaabafundileyo.Abafundinanjen-gokobehlalakulengingqibakhulabebukelaizintoezingekhontlenezingalun-gangaezifananobundlobongela.Bambalwaabanengqondoyokukhulabesaziukubaliyintoniiphuphalabo.Ngeliphandleootitshalabathathaukubaukung-abinamdlakwabafundikwizifundozezibalokungunozalawokuqhubakakubikwabo.Ukungabikhokwezixhobozokubancedisaukwenzaumsebenziwesikolokungunozalawokuqhubakakubinokungabinamdlakwabafundiekufundeni.Lombawokungabinamdlawabafundiekufundeniwayanyaniswengokuphele-leyonemoyamakhayaabasukakuyoabafundi.Ootitshalaabayibonangaindlelaabafundisangayookanyeomnyeumbanjengonefuthenegaleloekuswelenikwabafundiumdlawokufunda.Ukuzamaukuphandangombawolwimikusid-luliselekwesinyeisihlokwananjengelingelokuphumanempenduloengatyholibanikokoezanomfanekisowokwenzekayoekufundiswenikwezifundozezi-balo.

4.3.4 Ubunjani bolwimi lwezifundo zezibaloOotitshalaxabephendulaumbuzoothi,balubonaulwimilusembindiniwoku-fundisaizifundozezibalonanokubabacingantoningolwimilokufundisaizibalo.Ootitshalabaphendulengelithi,

Akukhondlelaingenyeyokufundisaizifundozezibaloumfundikumeleaziiifomu-laazikhuphenjengokubazinjalo.Izifundozezibalozizfundozokwaziwangohloboezilulokubaakukontounokuyenzangazo.Ulwimilokuzifundisakubalulekileukubaulazingendlelaoluzangayo,akunakujikagama.Umzekelo“angle” okanyepower, base, consonant, expression, 2-dimensional, tessellation, 3-dimensional. OnkelamagamaakanakujikwakumeleahlaleenjalonokubaufundisangesiXhosakubaawakhongesiXhosa.Kunyanzelekileukubaumntuawafundeawazienjalo.

Omnyewotitshalauthe,Ulwimilokufundisaizifundozezibaloluyingxakinakuthisingootitshala.Umbawalouyafunaukuqwalselwakubaxabaafundibenokufundiswangolwimilwabolwenkobekungenzaumahlukoomkhulu.Enyaniswenimnaandikhendiyicingenokuyicingaintoyokubandicingengolwimixandicwangcisaizifundoendiza-kubafundisazona.Ukubabendingaqinisekangokuyicingafuthindiyisebenzisebekungangconobebengaphumelelangokuncomekayo.Unobangelawokubanditshokukubaxandifundisandisebenzisaiilwimiezimbiningexeshaelinye.Xandibajongandifumanisaukubaabaqondikwaphelandibenamndingakwaziuku-bacaciselangokupheleleyongolwimilokuqalakubanamandiqinisekangakakuhlengamagamaekufanelendiwasebenzisenokubaangqamenenanokondikufun-disayo.Ndikhethaukuwayekaamagamaenzaingqiqoenjalokulwimiolulumbikubaandikwazikubancedanamandiwazingokundingutitshala.Kubandinga-funikubafundisantondingayaziyomnakuqalandivelandiwafundisekulwimiolulumbindithixandicacisaukusebenzakwawondisebenziseulwimilwenkobe.


Xaebuzwaukubaibubuchulenaintoyokusebenzaiilwimiezimbiniefundisa.Iqinisekisanjaniukubaabafundibaqondangokupheleleyo.Ithiimpendulondiyaziukubaabaqondingokupheleleyonamakukhontondingayenzakubaul-wimilwamlwenkobealuphuhlangakwaphela(ButhelezikuClarke:1991)futhialulungiselelwangaukufundisaizifundozezibalo.Ukubabekunokuqalwaapho(luphuhlisweukulungelaukufundisaizifundozezibalo)bekungangcono.

Uninzilootitshalaluxambulelwathi,Izifundozezibaloasizozifundozidibaniselananokwaziwanokufundwakolwimi.Ubunjanibazobuthikusetyenziswaimifanekiso,idayagram,ukulinganisela.Zonkeezozintoazifunilwimiukuzezilungiswezifunaukubaubaniazingoku-pheleleyoimithethoyezifundozezibalo.Ukubauzakwenzaisifundongesihloko“ukuqokelelwakwengxelo–data collection”qinisekisaukubaabafundibayiqondangokupheleleyoimithethoyokuqokeleloingxelo.Akufunekilwimiaphokufu-nekaingcingayokwenzaoko.

Xakubuzwaumbuzowokubaimiyaleloyendlelaemakuqhutywengayouku-qokelelalengxeloakuluchaphazeliulwazilolwimingabafundi.Impenduloithikunganjalokodwaakubalulekangaukubabasebenziseulwimixasebeyiqokeleleingxeloselebebalabedibanisabesahlulabephindaphindabethabathaukuzanesiphumosokobakufumanisileyo.Okubalulekileyoyindlelaabayifumenengayoimpendulongokuthibalandeleamanqwanqwaasetyenziswakwimithethoyezifundozezibalo.

Xabebuzwaukubaingabaabafundixakusithiwamababaleisinyeekhulwini(ipesenti)kwingxeloabayiqokeleleyobayakwazinaukuqondangokupheleleyoukkubakufunwantoni.Ukubabayakwazi(abafundi)baqinisekanjaniootitshala,ukubaololwazibangabuyebazisebenziseleabafundibebodwabengekhophantsikwelisolikatisthala.

Ukubaabafundibayakwaziukucacisaukubabathethenabantuabangaphibazabachithaixeshaelingakananinokuthikufunekabenzeuphindaphindoakubinzimaukufumanisaukubaabaqondindawoni.Okubalulekileyokukubabakwaziukusebenzisaumthethowesisihloko(ukuqokelelwakwengxelo)nga-phambikokubabazenesiphumo.Okubalulekilyokukuqinisekaukubabayib-ambengentlokoifomulaesetyenziswakwesisihloko.

Eyonantoeyenzakubenzimangakumbiukufundisaezizifundokukungabinamathalaencwadikwizikoloesikuzokubabekuzakubalulaukufumanauncwa-diolungolunyeolunokusetyenziswangabafundiukuziqeqeshakwizifundozezi-balonokuphuhlisaulwimilwabolwenkobenolulumbi.Omnyewemibaeyenzakubenzimaukuhlangabezananezimekolixeshaesinalolokufundisalincinci.Xaubaniefundisaizifundozezibalokubalulekileukubanexeshaelaneleyonanjen-gokosifundisaiiklasiezinabafundiabaninzi.Kubanzimaukulawulaabafundiabangamashumiamahlanu(50)eklasinienyekantiuzakubaneziphumoezihle.Ukubaixeshabelaneleubaniubezakujongananabafundiabanengxakikwizi-fundozezibalongexeshaelibekelwebucala.Ngaphandlekombawolwimizininziizintoezifunaukulungiswaekufundiswenikwezifundozezibalo.

Uncwadialukhoabafundisibenzelaiikopikubaasinazincwadizaneleyonabokexabethebazinikwaabaziphathikakuhlekonkekonke.Loontoiphin-delakumbawokungayixabisiincwadinemfundongokubanzi.

Okuyekwacacakulencokokukubautitshalaxaethethangolwazi,uthethangokubanjwengentlokonokunkqayiweyoingasukubakuqiqwengokupheleleyo.Ukubaabafundibawulibeleumnkqayonjengokoiyintoeyayisenzekanakubanikubanzimaukuqhubekanomsebenziwezifundozezibalo.

Utitshalaowubonenjengomcelimngeniumbawolwimiekufundiseniizifun-dozezibalo,ngulowoosebenzakwisikoloesisisizasophando.Uthixaebuzwangokufundisaizifundozezibalongolwimilwenkobe.Ukufundisaizifundozezibalongolwimilwenkobesesonasisombululosokulwanokungabinam-dlakwabafundiekufundeniizifundozezibalo.Ukubaabafundibebefundiswangolwimilwabobebezakukwaziukubangokuqinisekileyokubabengenantlonizokubhudaeklasini.Uloyikolwabokukubhudaphambikwabanyeabafundixabebuzwaumbuzo.Xausithimabakucaciseleindlelaabayisebenzisileyoukufikakwisiphumosabobakhethaukuthulabangathethiokanyeukohlwaywaxabeku-vumelekilekubabengaqinisekangangeempendulozabo.UlwimilokufundisaizibaloendilusebenzisisayoeklasiniyamsisiXhosakodwandiyaxubaxandibonaukubaabafundiabaqondilentondizamaukuyicacisa.Ndiphumandingenakul-wimi,ndisebenzisaulwimilwenkobekakhuluzendisebenziseolulumbikwezomekondingakwaziukulutshintshakuzo.

Umzekelo,ukubandibafundisange“angle”eklasinindikhangelaintoefananayoaphaeklasiniyindlelaendilwangayonokungaqondwakolwimi.Kwezozihlokozezifundozezibalondikhangelaimizekeloebonakalayo.Akululakeukubanikaimizekelokuzoznkeizintoendizifundisayokubaezinyeandazimnakuqalaukubakuthethwangantonindifundaifomulandisebenzengayo.Ukubandiyiphosilekubanzimakubaloontoithethaukubaabafundibafundisweumsebenziongenguwokodwakeayifaneyenzekeloonto.Unobangelawokubaingenzekikukubandiyendiceleuncedokubantuabaqeqeshelweukufundisaizifundozezibalonabobaziqondangconokunam.EzinyezezintoendizenzayokukubandithatheubulungubamaqoqoafundisaabantungezifundozezibalonjngeoSAILI.Olulwazindiluqokelelayoluyandincedaukubandikwaziuku-melananeemfunozolwimioluseklasiniyam.Elinyelamaceboendiwenzayokukuthathaamagamaenzaingqiqondiwafundisephambikokubandifundiseifomulanomthethoohambanefomulaleyo.Xandibonaukubaabafundibaqin-isekilenokondandulendifundiseizifundozezibalo.

Okuphumekwacacakukubautitshalauyaziukubaabafundikunyenayebanengxakiyolwimingokufanayokokowenzaamalingeokuncedananemeko.Umcelingeniodalwalulwimiakawuboninjengengxakiengenezukusombululekantoleyoemenzaukubaazikhangeleleuncedoxakunzimaukuqondangokuyakwiindawoezinoncedo.

Xaebuzwaukubaingxakiyokubanabafundiabaninzinexeshaelincinciuyihlangabezanjani.Impenduloyakheyathi,


abafundiendinaboiingxakizaboazigqithangaabanyeabantwana.Intoendiy-enzayoxandibonaukubabadiniwekukumamelandithimabasebenzebengam-aqelana,bayayithandaloondlelayokusebenzakubaibanikaithubalokuthetha.Intoendiyendiqinisekengayokukubaumsebenziendibanikawonakumaqelaabongumsebenziabawenzaeklasiniukuzewonkeubaniabenegalelo.

Loontoincedaukubanabangathandiukubuzakumnjengotitshalababuzekoontangababo.Kuhlalakuluxolokekubandibuzakuboukubasenzekanjaningomfundiothiaphazamisengexeshakuxakekiwekusetyenzwakumaqelalawoibengaboabezanamacebookuthulisana.Iklasiyavumelanaukubaumntuongxo-layongexeshakufundwauzakuhlalaeklasiniabanyexabedlalaphandleenzeumsebenziwesikolo.Ukubauwophulelomthethouzakuphindaahlaleizihland-loezibinikukhoamalungueqelalakheemgadile.Loontoyenzakungabikhomntuufunaukwenzauphazamisekokubawonkeumntuokweloqelauzakubasengxakiniyokungaphumingexeshalokuphuma.Loontokeisenokudalain-gxakikubudlelwanebabongokokebasebenzakakuhle.Xabethethaamaxeshaamaninzi,sukubabexoxangomsebenziwabokwaGreyidi7A.IklasieneengxakixakufikwakumbawokuziphathanguGrade7Babathumanimanzixakufikwakumgangathowokuqondaeklasini.UmgangathowabouphantsikakhuluxauthelekiswanowabafundibakwaGreyidi7A.

Ubafumanabephakathi;kudidilwesibininolwesithathuinkolisoikudidilwesithathu.Utitshalawezifundozezibaloukhalengokubaleklasiyeyonaimphathisangentlokoebuhlungungenxayezimilozaboeziphumaecaleni.Xayenaezamaukufikelelakubo,bonabahlelikwibakalaelinye,umgangathowaboawenyukiawehli,umindawonye.Ntoleyoyenzakubenzimakutitshalaukufu-manisaukubaingabayindlelaafundisangayoebangelaukubabangaphumeleliemagqabiniokanyekukungazimiselikwabookanyeulwimialusebenzisayoekufundiseni.

4.3.5 Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo zokufundisa izifundo zezibalo

Ootitshalabakhalengokufanayongokungabikhokweencwadizezifundozezibalo.Incwadiabanayoyeyabafundi.Lencwadiayibancedibonaben-gootitshalaukufundisaizifundozezibalo,kubailungiselelweukusetyenziswangabafundi.Bathebazincedangokukhangelaezinyeiincwadikubanezobathibabenazongamanyeamaxeshaazibhalwangangendlelaeqondakalayo.Ikux-elelangesihlokwana,ihleloesikulonesihlokokubekuphelile.Ukubausifundausifundisenjaniisihlokoesoakuncedakaliukufumanaololwazi,kufunekaukubauhambeufunaamancedokwabanyeabantuabazibanzingezifundozezibalo.Akukhosikhokelosicacileyosokubaisetyenziswanjaniincwadileyoukufundisaabafundi.

Abanyebakhalengokubaxakunokwakhiwaisichazimagamaesingqamenenezifundozezibalokungenzaumthwalowabobengootitshalaubelula.Lo

“mthwalo”ngokutshokwaboudalwayimpixwanoekhoyokulwimilokufundisaizifundozezibalontoleyoeyenzakungabilulukonkekonke.Batheesisichazimagamasingaqulathaulwimilwenkobenolwimiolulumbiukuzeezilwimiziphuhliswengaxesha,kungabikhoolunamandlakunolunye.Isiqulathosesichazimagamangokutshokwabokumelesibenamagamaenzaingqiqo,kuchazweimoasetyenziswakuyokwandulwekuchazweintsingiselongolwimiolulumbi.Kusetyenzisweukusukakulwimilwenkobeukuyakulwimiolulumbi.

Loibonakalaingombonoomhlekubakwiimekoaphokungekhomagamaaziwayokungakhiwaamagamaenzaingqiqokusekelwekwintsingiseloyegamaelokulwimiolulumbikwakhiweigamaelenzaingqiqokulwimilwenkobe.Ngendlelaechazwangayolenkquboibonakalanjengekhuthazaukusebenzangeendlelaezimbini,ukusukakulwimilwenkobeukuyakolulumbinokusukakolulumbikuyiwekulwimilwenkobe.Okuakubonakalikungumbonoombinanjengokoiinjongozokwenzalonkqubozichaziwe.

Ukungabikhokwamathalaeencwadiesikolwenibakubonenjengeyonantoibasokolisayokubaakukholulaukufumanaincwadikumathalaenc-wadiangaphandlekubaindlelayokufikelelaayikholulananjengokoekudekuneendawoabahlalakuzo.Okukungqinwekukungabikhokoncwadiolumeleukubaluncedeutitshalaekwenzeniumsebenziwakhewokuncwangcisaokoazakufundisa.

Isikoloesinjengezikoloezininziasinazikhompyuthaokwangokunangonaezamautitshalaomkhulukubabekungancedaukusebenzisai-intanethiuku-zamaukufumanaezinyeiindlelazokongezelelakulwaziabanalolokufundisaizifundozezibalo.Ukuswelaizixhoboezaneleyonezisemgangathwenizokufun-disakunegaleloekuqhubenikakuhlekwabafundikwizifundozezibalo.

Ubumebamagumbiokufundelangomnyewemibaekhalazelwengootitshala.Lamagumbiawanazitulozakuhlalazaneleyo.Abafundibayasokolaekusenixabefikakumelebaqalebayekujongaukubaakukhomfundiungekhoyonakwik-lasinganyeukuzebakwaziukufumanaizitulo.Amanyealamagumbingokut-shokootitshala,awanaziglasiiifestilezophukile,xakubandakungenaingqeleenganyamezelekileyontoleyoyenzakungabilulaukumamelangokupheleleyokwabafundikwimekoenjalo.

4.3.6 Ifuthe elidalwa yimithetho ebekwa ngabasemagunyeni

OotitshalabakhalengokuthixaabasemagunyenikwiSebelezeMfundobe-nokunikaootitshalainkululekoyokugxininisakwizihlokoezithilezezifundozezibalobekungalulakubautitshalaebezakuhlalakwizihlokoezibalulekileyoekufundweningabafundiayekeezozingangqamenanganokokumelebakwazi.

Bakhalangokuthibanikwaixeshalokuqhubaisihlokongasinyeingekhoin-gqwalaselayokubaingabakukhonaokwaziwangabafundingokupheleleyoemvakoluthotholwezihloko.


Ukubabekunokubakhoithubalokubalithiisebexalicwangcisauludwelwezihlokokwizifundozezibalo,lubizeootitshalalibuzekuboukubaba-bonaukubamazibezingaphiizihlokoemazifundiswengonyakabekunga-lulakubabebezakukhethaelonanibacingaukubabanganakoukumelananalo.

Omnyeumbaabakhalengawoootitshalakukungathathinxaxhebaiphele-leyoekuthathwenikwezigqibongoncwadiomalusetyenzisweezikolweni.Ootitshalabawubonelombakumeleukubausemagxeniabonanjengokoingaboabafundisayo.Bekumelekunikwabonaithubalokubabatshoukubabakhethaziphiiincwadi.Ngokukusetyenziswaootitshalaabaphetheyongokwesifundontoleyoingathethikuthibazazingokupheleleyozifundoezobazintlokozazo.Loontoidalaukubakungabikhotitshalaukwaziukuthathainxaxhebaepheleleyomayelanomakufundiswekwanguyeeziklasinizezi-fundozezibalo.

Lombonouthethaukubaakukhokubonisanaphakathikootitshalana-beSebelezeMfundoekucwangciseniuludwelwezihlokoemazifundwekubaootitshalabakubonaokukunganciphisaiimfunozolwimiezihleliemagxeniabonabafundikubakumeleinkquboyongeneleloichaphazeleisihlokongasinye.Lowokengumsebenziomninzixaumelenenotitshala.

Umbawovavanyowakhankanywangootitshalabekhalangokuthiukubakungatshintshwaulwimilokuvavanyanabobangavuyaxakunokwakhiwaamagamaenzaingqiqokubekhouvumelwanongumntuwonkeongumbhalinonemvumeyokwakhaamagama,olwimilwakhelwenkobelusisiXhosaukubakuzakusetyenziswaigamaelithilexakuthethwangegamaelenzaingqiqoelithilekulwimiolulumbi.

Bandinikaumzekelowegama“iratio”aphobabesithieligamanjengamanyeesekwenziweumzekelongawolinikaiintsingiseloezininzikungakoootitshalaabaninzibakhethaukufundisangolwimiolulumbikunolwimilwenkobe.Kubaindlelaekuvavanywangayookwangokuikhuthazaukusetyenziswakolwimiolulumbi.Omnyeumzekeloabawunikileyongowegamaelenzaingqiqo,“plane”eligamalilinyelineentsingiseloezininziezilungeleukusetyenziswakwiimekoezahlukeneyokodwakumelesakheumkhanyaxasilisebenzisakwizifundozezi-balo.Sizameukuqinisekaukubasithathaliphi.

Itafileengezantsiyakhiwengumphandiukubonisaiintsingiseloezah-lukeneyozegamangalinyeelenzaingqiqo,kumagamaazakusetyenziswanjengomzekelowokubonisaokukutyebakolwimilwenkobekuthethwakuzekuxanjulwengako.Kubalulekileukuqaphelaukubaumphandiuwafumenelamagamangoncedolwesichazimagama,ukuthethanabantunangothiazikhange-leleintsingiseloyegamaelenzaingqiqokulwimiolulumbiukuzekwakhekeigamalesiXhosaelingqamenenentsingiseloleyo.(Okuakuthiumphandiwakhaamagamaangqameneyokokokubonisaingxakiedalwakukutyebakolwimilwenkobe).

plane isityaba into emcaba ibalaindawo ephangaleleyo

field idlelo ibala lemidlalo ibala isityaba

quantity umyinge umlinganiselo ubungakanani ibanga

volume umyinge umthamo ubungakanani umthwalo

Letafileingentlaibonisaukutyebakolwimilwenkobeokunokusetyenziswanjengomthomboxakuvunyelwanangokuba,kwezintsingiselozininzikuyakuchongwaibenyeethiingqalekwizifundozezibalo.Inkquboenjengaleiboniswayiletafileingaluncedoukubaleliphiigamaelilungeleukufundanoku-fundiswakwizifundozezibaloukuzeisichazimagamaesakhiwayosisebenziseiintsingiseloezamkelekiyokwizifundozezibalonakuluntuolu.

Omnyeumbaobonwengootitshalanjengengxakikukusiwakwabafundikwizikoloaphokufunekabatshintshebasebenziseulwimiolulumbintoleyoinyanzelisaukubaxabethathwa(abafundi)kwezizikolozamabangaaphaka-mileyo,ukwamkelwakwabokusekelwephezukokukwazikwaboukusebenzisaulwimiolulumbintoleyoithethaukubakufunekakuqalekutshintshweindlelaesisebenzisangayoulwimikwimoyonkeyokufundaizibalo,sanduleukuthethangokufundaamagamaenzaingqiqokwifundozezibalongolwimilwenkobe.

Nangonaokukungenantoyakwenzanophandokubonakalisaindlelaabakubonangayoukusetyenziswakolwimiootitshala.Balubonaulwimiolulumbilunamandlakunolwimilwenkobekubaiyintoeyaziwayoukubalulwimiolusetyenziswanjengolwimilonxibelelwanonamazweangaphandle,ukush-ishina,ukubhalaiimviwo,ukubhalauncwadiolusetyenziswakumazikoemfundoephakamileyo.Oyenanozalawalengcingakukungaphuhliswangokupheleleyokolwimilwenkobenanjengokoukuphuhlakwalokuqinisekisaukuphumelelaukufundangempumeleloulwimilwesibini.Nanjengokosekubonisiwekwisah-lukoaphokuphengululwakhonauncwadiukubaabaphandiabaninzibakubonaukungafikelelingokupheleleyokumagamaenzaingqiqo,kuzalwakukufundangolwimiolulumbi,kwizifundozezibalo.Ntoleyoidalaukubaabafundiba-fundengohloboloqikeleloolungaqinisekisilwazilupheleleyo.

4.4 Inzululwazi yeklasi zezifundo zezibalo EsisigabasinikelangeziphumozokokufunyanisweeklasiniuGreyidi7A.Utitshalakuleklasiusebenzisaiilwimiezimbini,ulwimiolulumbinolwenkobekubafundi.Xaefundisauqalangokuthiabuzekubafundiukubaingababayay-iqondanaintsingiseloyamagamaasetyenziswakwisifundoeso.Abafundibaya-vumaixeshaelininzinoxabengakwaziukuwasebenzisaxaselebebhalaizifundo


zezibalo.Loontoithethaukubaabafundiabanangxakiyokuqondamagamaenzaingqiqoingxakikukusetyenziswakwamagamaazizihlomelonajngokouku-qondwakwezizifundozezibalozixhomekekekuwo.Undoqowokokufundis-wayounikwaimvakalongalamagama.

Okukubonakelengexeshaabafundibesenzaizifundoeziphathelenenam-aqhezueklasini.Bebengenangxakiyegamaelenzaingqiqoelithi“fraction”eyonangxakiyaboibikukusebenzisangokufanelekileyoulwimilokuqhubaulwaziabanalolwegamaelenzaingqiqo,“fraction”ukuzelilungeleleukusetyenziswakobuxhakaxhakabefomulayokwahlulanokuphindaphindaokanyeukwahlulanokuthabathangexeshaelinye.Amaxeshaamaninziabafundibebengaziukubabadibaniseokanyebohlule.Lentoyonkeibingahlanganisinokungaqondwaokanyeukuqondwakwegamaelenzaingqiqo.

Okubonakeleyokuleklasiyindlelaesetyenziswayoyokuqinisekisaukuqondakwabafundiokobakufundiswayo.Bekuthixakubonakalaukubabaqinisekangangokobebekufundabasebenzebengamaqelaxabegqibakusebenzangabanye.Bekuthibasakugqibaukusebenzakumaqelanaabo,banikezeleingxeloyaboeklasini.Kulenkquboyokunikezelabonkeabafundibebezamaukuthethaul-wimiolulumbi.Xaeziphendulelautitshalauthi,“yindlelaabazakufundangayoukuthethaulwimiolulumbibayaqeqeshwabelungiselelwaikamvalabo.”

Lenkquboibibathathaixeshaabafundibezamaukunikezelaingxeloyabo.Kulenkquboabanyebebecelauncedokumalungueqelaeloxakukhoigamaelithileelilityelweyookanyeelingaliziwayongolwimiolulumbi.Okubekungumqakubautitshalaxaefundisausebenzisaiilwimiezimbinikuzeabafundixabenikeze-laingxelokufunekebasebenziseulwimiolulumbi.Abanyebabafundibebengafuniukonyulwaukubabanikezelengengxelokubaukusetyenziswakolwimiolulumbibekubenzabazivebebancincinanjengokobengomelelanga.Ebebacaciselautit-shalaukubainjongoyokunyanzelisawonkeumntuasebenziseulwimioluilumbikukubaufunabaphuhliseisakhonosokusebenzisaulwimiolulumbi.

Ngokwamukubonainjongoyokuibiphilileyayeintlekodwaakuqondakaliukubaibincedaabafundiekufikeleleningokupheleleyokumagamaenzaingqiqonolwimingokubanzieklasini.Abafundibebesalabesafunaukucaciselwanan-jengokobebebonisaukungaqondi,ntoleyoicacisaumsantsaomkhuluphakathikolwimilokuthethanolwimilokufundaizifundozezibalo.Okukungaqondiku-vusaimibuzoemininzinnjengokokucacaukubaabafundibanganakoukudlulakuGreyidi7bengalufumangangokupheleleyoulwaziolwenzaukubabaqondengokupheleleyookufundiswakwizifundozezibalo.Ntoleyoibonakalisaubun-gozibokuba,umfundiesenokuqhubekanezifundozezibalokumabangaaph-ezulukodwaulwazilusalangemva.Kusengenzekaukubaingxakiyokungaqondikuhanjwanayongabafundibafikekumabangaaphezulubefundangokuqikelela.

Okuphindekwacacangokupheleleyokukusetyenziswakwamaphephaakot-shiweyo,ingutitshalakuphelaophetheincwadiyezifundozezibalo.Okukwenzaukubabafundibangabinayoenyeindlelayokufikelelakwiincwadizezifundozezibalongaphandlekwasesikolweni.

Ubudlelwanephakathikukatitshalanabafundibubonakelebomelelexakufikwakwimibayokuthethangezintoezingadibananganezifundo,izintoezifananomculo,ezemidlalo,nokuthathainxaxhebaekuxoxeningezinyeizinto.Xautitshalaefunabathatheinxaxhebaokanyekuzanywaukubababandakanyekeekuthetheningezifundozezibalo,bebesidlaimu.Ubudlelwanebebungabonakalibomelelekangakoxakuthethwangokuphathelenenezibalo.Abafundiban-esimbosokumbekelakudeutitshalawabodeibenguyeozamaukubabathetheesebenzisaiindlelaezininzizokubuzaumbuzoomnye.Loontoidizeukubaabafundibazibandezaithubalokubautitshalaazameukufumanaiingxakizabongokupheleleyonanjengokoukufumanaithubalokuthethaeklasinilincedaumfundinotitshalangaxeshanye.Umfundiuncedakalaukuzibonaukubayintoniayazingokuqinisekile,notitshalauncedakalalngokuthiafumaneukubabasilelandawoniabafundibakhe.Okubuhlungukukubaabfundiabalisebenzisingoku-pheleleyoelithuba.

Ingcingaefikayongenxayokunefunaukuphandwanzulu,ngamandlaolawuloaphakathikootitshalanabafundi.Abafundibazibonaiqalaphiyayeiphelaindimayaboekufundenikwabo.Kubaokucacayo,kuleklasiabafundiba-zibonjengabantuekumelebathatheokobakunikwayongutitshala.Bengakhangebacingabanzingakokudekufikeixeshalokubabasebenzengabanyentoleyoifikaibenzima.Konkekufunwaukuqwalaselananjngokokucacengokuphele-leyoukubakunendimaekuyidlalayoekufundenikwabafundi.

4.� Amagingxigingxi endihlangene nawo kolu phando

Nangonauphandolungajolisangakwinkquboesetyenziswengumphandiukwenzaukubauphandolubeyimpumelelo,kodwakubalulekileukwenzaamagqabantshintshiamahlandinyukekwinkquboyophando.Ukuqalakokub-halwakophandokubonakelekungumsebenziolula,kubhalakusetyenziswaul-wimilwenkobe.Kodwaethubenikubonakeleukubaakuzikubalula.Nangonaisigamasanelebekukhoukungaqinisekiokukhulungentsingiseloyamagama,ingakumbiungqamanokulwimiolulumbiolusetyenziswakwizifundozezi-balo.

Umphandiamaxeshaamaninzibekufunekaaqinisekengentsingiseloepheleleyoyegamaelenzaingqiqo(kwizifundozezibalo)kulwimiolulumbikuqalangaphambikokubaacheeyakheintsingiselookanyeigamaelingqa-manenentsingiseloleyokulwimilwenkobe.Ibengumsebenziocelaumngenikelo.Bubonakeleaphoubunzimanempixwanoekhoyophakathikokuqwalaselaulwimilwezibalonokubayingcalikwizifundozezibalo.Wacacangokupheleleyoumsantsaochazaokokubaumphandiloakayiyoingcaliyezibalokokuqwalaselaukusetyenziswakolwimikwinkaloyokufundanokufundiswakwezibalonoku-fikelelangokupheleleyokumagamaenzaingqiqonolwaziolupheleleyonoluqin-isekisaimpumelelo.


Omnyeumbaibingowexeshaekubenzimaukumelananalonjengokobekucwangcisiwengaphambilingenxayokusokolaukufumanaisizasophando.Ukufumanaindawoesisizasokuqhubauphandokwabanzimakakhulu.Isikoloesathembisanesabonisaumdlakoluphandosakhalangokubazininziiiprojek-thiezisesikolweninazoeziqhubauphando.Bacelauxolobendikhuthazaukubandikhangeleesinye.Esesibinisakhalangokubakukhoincwadiekumelebayifu-maneesukakwiSebelezeMfundoevumayoukubauphandoluqhubeke.Ama-lingeokuqhakamshelananeSebelezemfundoawaphantsi.Akazangeafumanekeumntulowoekwakumeleukubaenzeesisivumelwano.Kwacacaukubaixeshaliyahamba,kuthesekuseleiinyangaezintlanuukubaunyakauphelekwakukhonandifumanaisizasophando.

Yonkelenquleqhuyabanefutheelibikwixeshaendandizimiseleukugqibangalouphandonokondandikucwangcisile.Kwafunekandiqalephantsiuku-cwangcisangokwexeshaendandilinikiwesisikoloesi.Kwathiemvakokuhlalaintlanganisonesekelanqununukwakhoimvisiswanoyokubamandiqhubekubauphandoluzakubancedaukuphendulaimibuzoabanayonabobengootitshalangolwimilokufundanokufundisaizifundozezibalo.Nangonaokukwabane-futhekwixeshaendandilimisile,akuzangekuguqulentokokondandikulungisileokufana,namaphephambuzo,olunyeudliwanondlebelwaseluqhutyiwenoot-itshalaabasukakwizikoloezahlukeneyoabafundisaizifundozezibalo.Nama-phephambuzobabesebewazalisilekonkeokukwabaluncedokakhulukubaandizangendilindendaqhubekanokobendikwaziukukwenzalogamandilindeukuvulelekakwesizasophando.Kwabonakalangathiakukhhobunzimaekuse-benziseniulwimilwenkobekudliwanondlebengexeshakuqhutywauphandokotitshalabaavelakwizikoloezahlukeneyo.Wonkeubaniowathiwathathainxaxhebakoludliwanondlebewandikhuthazaukubandibhalengolwimilwen-kobenanjengokokwakuyintoengafaneyenzekekodwaevunyelwayongomgaqosiseko;ukusetyenziswakolwimilwenkobeezifundwenizabongokweRevisedCurriculumStatement(2001).

Ukubhalangolwimilwenkobekubonakelengathiyindlelaengalulaukuzaneempenduloezifunwayokuphandoolu.Konkeokuakubanganjalokubaimekonesisekeloesakhelwephezukwalouphandoalukholula.Ukubhalangolwimilwenkobeaphokuthethwangezifundozezibalokhonakuvezaingxakiabahlang-abezananayoootitshalakumzamowabowokufundisaizifundozezibalo.Enyeyeengxakiezivelileyokukubaamagamaenzaingqiqoasetyenziswakwizifundozezibaloakakhelwangakulwimilwenkobeamaninzikuwoasekelwekulwimiolulumbi.Loontoyenzaukubakusetyenzisweulwimilwenkobelwakhelwekul-wimiolulumbintoleyoifunakucingwebanzingayophambikokwakhaigamanangaphambikokucacisangokupheleleyookokufundiswayo.Okubekungaqin-isekisiukubakufundwangokupheleleyokwadakwafikaixeshalokubaabafundibangqineukubabayafundangokuthibakhupheleokobebekufundiswabese-benzisaulwimiabaluqondayobengaphixaninemithethoesetyenziswakwizi-fundozezibalo.

Enyeyeengxakiibikukufumanaiincwadiezingqalekumbawokufundiswakwezifundozezibalo.Kufunyanisweukubaazixhaphakangaezikhuthazaukubonwakokutyebakolwimilwenkobe(isiXhosa)ezininzizilubonanjen-gengxaki,kantiuphandoluthiokomakubonwenjengesisombululonenqwanqwaekunokuqalwakuloukusebenza.Ukungafumanekikweencwadikukhokeleleekuthinikusetyenzisweiincwadiezimbalwakunezobekucingwaukubazaku-setyenziswa.Omnyeumbakukubambalwaokanyeukungafumanekikweencwa-diezifunekayokumathalaencwadinanjengokoiincwadieziphathelenenolwimibekufumanisekaukubazithathiweamaxeshaamaninzizazaazabuyiswangabobazithathileyolabeixeshalokubhalanokuhlalutyalilifutshane.

Olukhuphiswanonokungabuyiswangexeshaelifanelekileyokweencwadi,lukhokeleleekuthinikusetyenzisweiincwadiezifananeejenali,amaphephanda-ba,amaphephaanikelwekwiingqungquthela,njalonjalo.Nangonakunjalookuakudalangangxakinanjengokoulwaziobelufumanekakuzobeluqwalaselakanyeimibaeqwalaselwaluphandoolu.

Ngamanyeamaxeshaizahlukoezincedaukuphendulaimibuzoyoluphandobezifumanekakwincwadiebhalwengomnyeumbhalintoleyoibifunaukubaubaniaqinisekengendlelaakubhalangayookokufundiweyo.Iyonkelenkquboithatheixeshaelivisayoekubhaleniiziphumozophandongempumelelo,kusety-enziswaulwimilokuqala.Izizathuzokokukungasetyenziswakolwiminjen-gelwimilokubhala,lisetyenziswaamaxeshaamaninzinjengolwimilokuthetha.Nokuthethaokokwiimekoezahlukileyokumbawokufundaamagamaenzain-gqiqonolwimingokubanzikwimekoyezifundozezibalo.Ithikeloontoulwimilwenkobealuphuhliswangaukusetyenziswanjengolwimilokufundanokufundisaizifundo,kokonjengolwimilokuthethakuphela.

EkugqibelenikuyekwacacaukubaukusetyenziswakweelwimizaseAfrikaekuthetheninasekubhalenikubalulekilekubaakwenziukubakubekhoulwimiolulahlekayokokokwenzaukubasibenentyilekeloyokusebenzakweelwimi.Kuyekwacacaukubaxandinokusebenzisaulwimilwenkobekwimekoezah-lukeneyoamagamaenzaingqiqoendinawoangakhulangokomeleleyookwenzaukubakubelulaukuwasebenzisa.

Enyeyeengxakiebezijongenenomphandingumcelimngeniwolwimiolusetyenzisiweyonekhompyutha.Ulwimiolwaziwaziikhompyuthalulwimiolulumbi(lwesiNgesi)kuphelantoleyoinkeubunzimaubukhulu.Xakusety-enziswaulwimiolulumbiekubhalenikululaukuxelelwayikhompyuthaukubaigamaelolibhalwengendlelaengeyiyongokuthiikrweleumgcaobomvunga-phantsikwegamaelo.Kulemekoikhompyuthaibikrwelalonkeigamabomvuntoleyoibifunaukubakuprintweiphephangalinyeelisetyenzisiweyoekubhale-ni.Lontoyenzeuxanduvaolukhulungokombawemalinexesha.

Bekufunekakuprintwekuyokuqwalaselwaukubaonkeamagamaabhalwengendlelaefanelekileyona,xakugqitywakubuyelwekwikhompyuthakuzoku-cokiswaokobekulungiswakusafunekakuphindwekwajongisiswaukuqinisekisaukubakukhozimpazamo.


Ibengumsebenziovakalayokelokubalideixeshaelithathiweyoukwenzaizilungisokuphindwekuhlengahlengisweisigamaesisetyenzisiweyo.Nangonakuvakalakungumcelimngeni,ngumcelingeniothwalekayo.Kubaamathubaokusebenzaulwimilwenkobeukubhalaakakavulelekingokupheleleyongokokeoluphandolwenzekwabakhonaithubalokuvavanyoukomelelakolwimilwamlwenkobe.

Okunyeokuphindekwavelamhlophekukuba,kukhounxibelelwanophakathikolwiminobuthina.Ngethubandibhalaingxelo,ndihlalutyandi-sakhaamagamangolwimilwamlwenkobebekukhonaukuthathekaokuthile,kubalulwimilwamoluhambisananegazilam.Bekukhoamathubaokusukaamadlundizivendifunaukumkanomrhibandityatyadulekodwakufunekeukubandizinqandeukuzamaukuqinisekisaukubaandiholindihlala,emxhol-weni.AsiyondlwanaiyanethaukuzamaukuhlalaemxholwenixaubaniebhalangesiXhosakubasendikhankanyilengaphambiliukubalulwimiolutyebileyo,oluncuthumazangwakubaizangotshe,izafobenezitshozaloezibangelaukubalubemnandingakumbizibonakalaxaubanietyebisaokoakubhalayo.Lemekoyokubhalaiyakhabananengcingayasentshonantoleyoiyenzaukubaicinezelekeokanyeingabikhokwaphela.

Lendlelayokubhalayenzaukubaumbhaloubandeungabinaloulunxibele-lwanophakathikombhalinokokubhaliweyo.LoontoyenzaumbhaliazivengathiakanguyengenxayokubaukubhalangolwimilwesiXhosakuqukauku-sebenzisaizagwelonezikweko.AyivumelekangakeloondlelakubananjengokosekuphawulwengaphambiliukubaamazikoethuemfundoesekelwekwinkquboyokufundayaseNtshona,nangonaiilwimiesizisebenzisayonobuthinabudalaimpixwanonesisekosaseNtshona.

LonkeolucwambulolwimilwesiXhosalususwekwaphelaokanyelu-cinizelwekakhululwadaalwabonakalaekusetyenziswenikolwimilwenkobekwizifundozezibalo.Okukubonakelengokucacileyongethubandibhalaokokufunyaniswekoluphando.MaxawambibekunzimaukufumanisaingqiqoyokondizamaukukubhentsisakufunekeukubandikhangeleuncedokwabanyeabantuabangamagqalaekubhalwenikoncwadilwesiXhosa,njengomnyewabaphicothiboluphandonabanyeabantuabantethoyaboikwanyeneyam.

Amaxeshaamaninzi,kubenzimaukusebenzisaisichazimagamanjen-gomthombowolwazikubaasingqalangakumagamaenzaingqiqokwizifundozezibalo.Inkcazoefumanekakusoiphangalele.Ukusebenzisaulwazilwamnol-wabanyeabantulwenzekwabayimpumeleloukubhalaiziphumozoluphando.Eyonantoingundoqokukufumanisaukuba,xaulwimilwesiXhosalunakoukumelananeemfunozokubhalwakwengxelo,uhlalutyonakokonkeokwen-ziwayoxakuqhutywauphandongezinyeiilwimi,lungamelananokufundisanasonasiphinaisifundo.Okunyekukubaokuyesilusebenzisaulwimilwenkobeekufundeninasekubhalenikwiinkalozonkezokufundwayokokuyakubalulaukulusebenzisakubaluyakuphuhlangokuphelelyongokuthisilusebenziseeku-fundeni,ekubhaleniansekuthethenikumanqanabaaphezuluasekuhlaleni.

4.6 Isishwankathelo esiphangaleleyo Uphandoolubeluphendulaimibuzoethi;

i) ingabaumgangathowokubanolwazinofikelelangokupheleleyokumagamaenzaingqiqoxabenokufundiswaizifundozezibalongolwimilwabolwenkobe

ii) Zeziphiezinyeiindlela(amacebo)asetyenziswangootitshalaukuqinise-kisaukubaabafundibayaqondangokupheleleyo.

Lemibuzoseyiphendulekilekubakucacengokumhlopheukubaabafundixabe-fundiswangolwimilwenkobebabanokuqiqaokungcononokuvakalayokokobafundis-wangako.Loontoithethaukubaxabekwaziukuqiqangako,bacingangokupheleleyoukuzekubelulaukusebenzisaololwazibaluqiqayo.Kuleimeko,njengokokwenziwangexeshakuqhutywauphandoabafundibabonakalisileukubaumthwalowabowoku-zamaukucingakaninzingentsingiselo,ngenxayendlelaekusetyenziswangayoulwimiuyehlaxabefundiswangolwimilwabolwenkobe.Okukuvelakwiimpendulozaba-fundiekudliweneindlebenaboemvakophandonjengokokubhaliwengentla.

Okuyekwacacakukubanangonaimekoingabonakaliintlekwizifundozezibalokwesisikolokodwautitshalauzamangakokonkeanakoukubaulwimialudidiyelekwizifundozezibalongokuthiaqaleafundiseamagamaenzaingqiqokuqala,anduleukuwafundisaexutyayelwekwizifundozezibalo.Ezinyezendlelaathiazisebenzisenjengendlelayokufundisa,kukusebenzisaabafundikumaqelanananjengokobesebenzalulaxakunjalongezizathuesezichaziwengendlela.Utit-shalaulilungukumaqumrhuabucalaancedangokuphuhlisaisakhonosootitshalaekufundiseniizifundozezibalokugxininiswakulwimilokufundisa.

4.6.1 Ukushwankathela iziphumo zophandoNgokophandooluqhutywenguDeyi(2006)ootitshalaabathatheinxaxhebakoluphandobabenezizathuezahlukeneyokodwaisiphumoesifanayoxakuthethwangombawolwimi.Abanyebabobafundisaisifundosezifundozezibalobengasi-fundelangabona.Bacelwaukubabasifundisekubakungekhomntuunakoukusi-fundisaesikolweni.Abanyebabobagqibelaukufundaizibaloesikolwenibesafundakumabangaaphakamileyo.Abanyebazifundisakubababezifundileekholejiniokanyeeunivesithikokoabanandlelayokuzidlulisakubafundingokupheleleyongenxayombawolwimineminyeebingenantoyakwenzanophando.OkukwenzakubenzimaukumelananeengxakizolwimiezivelayokubabengaqinisekangangokubabenzentoningeengxakizolwimiezivelayoButhelezi(1995).

NgokukaSetatietal(2002)“Izifundozezibalonezenzulwaziziqukaamagamaangqalileyonolwimiolungqalileyongokomxholo,yayeloontoikhuthazaootitshalaukubabasebenziseulwimilwezifundozezibalo,nobunci-nanebolwimilwesiNgesikwiiklasizabo.Okukuvezaumbuzoothilungakananiuphuhlisoolwenziwangabobajongenenemibayolwimikwizifundongokubanzinanjengokokubhaliwekwipholisiyolwimikwisizwesiphela”


4.6.2 Ukungabandakanywa kolwimi kuqeqesho lootitshalaOmnyewemibaabahlangabezananayongumcelimngeniwolwimi.Ngexeshabeqeqeshelwaukufundisaulwimilwalungabandakanywanga.UbaniubefundaisiXhosaokanyeisiNgesinjengesifundokungekhongqwalaselayolwimikwizi-fundoezo.Loontoichazaukubaiingxakizolwimizichaphazelawonkeubani.Okukunxulumananendlelaabalusebenzisangayoulwimi,ukusebenzisaiilwimiezimbiningaxeshanye.Okukuzalwakukungomelelingokupheleleyokolwimilwabolwezifundozezibalokulwimiolulumbinolwimilwenkobe.Nangonakuyintoeqhelekileyoukufundisangeelwimiezimbiningaxeshanye,ingxakikukubaootitshalabasebenzisaulwimiabaluqondangconokwimekonganye.BasebenzisaulwimilwesiNgesixabengaqinisekangangentsingiseloesiXhoseniokanyekulwimilwesiNgesi,njlnjl.

4.6.3 Ixabiso elixhanyulwa lulwimi lwesiNgesiOkuvelekumaphephambuzonodliwanondlebenootitshalaibelixabisoelixh-anyulwalulwimiolulumbi.Babonakubalulekileukufundisaabantwanangol-wimiolulumbikubabelungiselewaukuthathainxaxhebanokuqhakamshelananelizweliphela,kwizintoezifananemisebenzi,ukufumanaindawokumazikoemfundoephakamileyo,njalonjaloKapp(2000).Banxulumanisaulwazilo-kuthethaulwimilwesiNgesinolwimilokufunda,izintoezahlukeneyongoku-kaNdayipfukamiye(1994).Ayiqondakalangamsinyanekootitshalaintoyoku-fundisaizifundozezibalongolwimilwesiXhosadeyabaisetyenziswanjengeyeendlelazokuqhubauphandonokubonisaukubakungenzekaDeyi(2006).

Okunxulumananokuthethwangootitshalakukungabikhokweencwadizokubaxhasaekufundiseniizifundozezibalokulwimilwenkobe.Ngokutshokwabomaxawambikunzimaukucacisangokuphelelyongolwimilwenkobekubaakomelelangaolwabokuqala.Loontoyenzakubenzimaukuncedaaba-fundingokupheleleyoekucaciseniimibuzo,imisebenzieyenziwaeklasinikunyenemibuzoyovavanyoneemviwo.LoontoyenzabasebenziseulwimilwesiNgesinesiXhosangexeshaelinye.

Nangonaloingengombawophandokodwaixabisoelixhanyulwalulwimiolulumbi,isiNgesi,lucacengokupheleleyongexeshaumphandiesebenzisaulwimilwesiXhosaukubhalaokobekuqhubekangethubakubhalwauphandoolu.UmphandinjengobaniothethaisiXhosaafuneukusebenzisa,izagwelo,izacinamaqhalongokokutyebakolwimilwesiXhosa.LendlelayokusebenzisaulwimiayivumelekangancamkwiyunivesithinanjengokoindlelayokubhalaisekelwekwimithethoyaseNtshonanendlelayokubhalangolwimilwesiNgesi.Umzekelo,kulwimilwesiXhosaubaniusebenzisaamagamaamaninziukubekauxinzelelokokokuthethwangakokantikulwimilwesiNgesinakwiyunivesithiokokuthethaukuziphindaphinda(repetition).Okokunefuthenanjengokokukhounxulumanophakathikolwiminobubanibomntungamnye.

4.6.4 Isiphetho Nangonaumbawokusetyenziswakolwimikwizibaloubonakalausembindinikwizifundozezibalongokweempendulozabafundinootitshala,kusekhouku-thandabuzaekusebenziseniisiXhosanjengolwimilokufundisa.Okokudalwayimibaeyahlukeneyoefananokuba(evelenootitshala)ulwimilwesiXhosaalunasigamasaneleyosokufundisaizifundozezibalo.Ukubasanele,ootitshalaabaziukubabaziqhubenjaniizifundozabokubaulwimizangelubeyinxalenyeyokuqeqeshwakwabo.Okuyekwacacakukuqwalaselwakweengxakiezidalwakukungaqondwakolwimilwezifundozezibalonjengokoukufundisangempu-melelokootitshalakulelekulwimilokufundisa.Okukubangwakukubamaxawambiootitshalabayazibonaezingxakikodwaakukhontobanokuyenzangazo(Buthelezi,1995).

LoontokeithethaukubakusafunekakuhanjweumgamaomdeukuzamaukuqwalaselaumbawokusetyenziswakwesiXhosaekufundiseniizifundozezi-balo.Oluphandolubonisileukubaxakunokwenziwaoku,kungakhoiziphumoezincomekayokwindlelaabaqhubangayoabafundi.Loontoithethaukubakuk-hoimfunekoyokubaulwimilokufundisaizifundoizibalolunikweingqwalaselalwenziweinxalenyekuqeqesholootitshala,ingakumbiabazakufundisaizifundozezibalo,ulwimiolusetyenziswekwikharityhulam,ulwimilokubhalaiincwadizezifundozezibaloukusukelakumabangaaphantsiemfundoukuyakwaphezulukunyenolwimilokukhuphelaulwazikubafundi.Okokuyakuqinisekisisaukubaizifundozezibalozezakhenabaninaingengaboabafundiabakwaziukuse-benzaulwimilwesiNgesingempumelo.Kokonjekufunekakuqwalwaselwezekuphuhlisweindimayolwimiolusetyenziswayo.Uphandoolunabileyo,oluqalakumabangaasezantsiukuyakwizikolozemfundoephakamileyo,kulombaluyadingekakubaiziphumozakubanegalelokuphuhlisololwimi.Ekufundiseninasekufundeniizibalongempumelelo.


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Izihlomelo AIsihlomelo A: Amagama asetyenzisiweyo kuphando: amagamaenzaingqiqo=conceptsembindini=centraliphephambuzo=questionnaireisigama=vocabulary/terminologyizifundozezibalo=mathematics(uku)fundisangomlomo=(teach)verbally–notinwriting/writtenukungafikelelingokupheleleyokulwimi=donothavefullunderstandingukuqinseka=beconfidentukusetyenziswakweelwimiezimbiningaxeshanye=codemixing/switichingulwimilokufundisa=mediumofinstruction,ulwimilwenkobe=mothertongueulwimiolulumbi=secondorthirdlanguage(additionallanguage)undoqo=focus/mainuqwalaselo=observation

Isihlomelo B Iphephambuzo labafundi (eliphambi kovavanyo)M:Usebenzisaluphiulwimiekhaya?F: isiXhosaM:Uthethaluphiekudlaleni?F: isiXhosaM:Uqhubanjanikwizifundozezibalo?F: Kakubikakhulu.M:Uyazithandaizifundozezibalo?F: Andizithandikubaandizazi.M: Yintoneleungayiqondiyokuzo?F: Andaziukubakubuzwantoniamaxeshaamaninzi.Ndivelendinikeimpen-

dulokantibekungabuzwaloonto,kufunwaenyeinto.Ufumaniseukubangamanyeamaxeshandiyayaziimpenduloqhabendingaqinsekanga.

M:Uzifundangoluphiulwimi?F: NgeEnglishnangesiXhosa.Uncameungazinokubakuthiwanikubauthi

usamameleisiXhosauveutitshalaethethaiEnglishubhidekekengoku.M:Uyamxelelautitshalaxaungaqondi?Uayyibuzaimibuzo?F: Andiyaziukubayintoniendingayaziyofuthikusetyenziswamagamaanzima

eEnglishngokumnandoyikeukubhudandiqondeukubamandithulend-ingabuzendakusukendibuzekwabanye.

M:Usebenzisayiphiincwadi?F: Asinazoiincwadizokufundakufunekasenseifotokop.Yenziwaphaesikol-

weni.

PRAESA – Occasional Papers No. 27�0

M:Uyalisebenzisaithalalencwadi?F: Kuvalwakwangokophayauthiusaqalaukwenzaumsebenziwakhokuthiwe

kuyavalwakubanaboboyikwaukukhuthuzwa.Kudalabexhonyiswaphaya.M:Likufutshanekangananiekhaya?F: Kukudananoko.Kufunekauhambeimizuzunokubaingama20.Ufike

udiniwephindekuthiweixeshaliphelilebayavalabona.M:Ukhonaumntuokuncedisayoekhayakwizifundozezibalo?F: Hayindimndedwaekhaya,umamaakakwazikubhalanokufundakodwa

bakhonaabamelwanebayandincedisa.Ingxakikukungakwaziukuyicacisaingxakiyamyezibalo.

Isihlomelo C Iphephambuzo lesibini elisemva kovavanyo lwesiXhosa M=UmphandiF=UmfundiM: NanjengokonibhaleuvavanyongesiXhosaucingaukubakungalulauku-

fundaizibalongesiXhosa?F: Ewekungaklulakubasingasebenzisaulwimiolunyeesiluthethaekhaya

nasekudlaleni.M:Ucingaukubaungenzangconokwizifundozezibalo?F: Ewendicingaukubakungalulaxasinokufundiswakubanamnditshonday-

iqondakakuhleimibuzoebuzwayo.M:Ibikadeiyintoniingxakingaphambili?F: Ibikukungaqondiimibuzonamgamaenzaingqiqo,okanyelaayalelainto

omawuyenze.M:Uqhubenjanikoluvavanyo?F: Ndipasilekancinci.Kodwakubhetelekubakubakuqalabendiqhubekakubi

kakhulu.XakunokuphindakufundiswengesiXhosandingapasaqhokuba.