sonia f. kay,ph.d, otr/l nova southeastern university 10... · describe the characteristics of the...
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Sonia F. Kay,Ph.D, OTR/L
Nova Southeastern University
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Describe the characteristics of the 4 generational cohorts in the world today.
Differentiate the behaviors of different generational
cohorts in response to technology, social participation, communication, organizational hierarchy, and learning style.
Apply knowledge of generational differences to
situations such as clinical fieldwork, managing employees, and academic activities.
Develop pro-active strategies to prevent inter-
generational conflict.
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If your fieldwork student told you that you that they
have to use a smartphone during work?
If your Boss tells you that you have to stay until the work is done?
If a new graduate co-worker told you that there is a better way to do therapy?
If the client took one look at you and asked for a
different therapist?
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Why should health professionals be generationally competent?
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Barnes,N.,Solis,K.,Arch, J. &Vigrass,B.,2012
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Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (2008)
How is “generation” similar/different from other person factors?
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Gender
Cultural
Religious
Nationality
Global practices regarding age
Life experience
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Each generation forms a “persona” based on the events during their formative years.(Strauss & Howe, 1991)
Political events at home and around the world
Socioeconomic conditions,
Technological advances
Demographics
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A generation can be defined as a given cohort group, in which all members are born in a limited span of consecutive years, approximately 22 years, and whose boundaries are fixed by peer personality.
( Strauss and Howe, 1991)
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Traditional
Baby Boomer
Gen Xer
Millenial
31%
18%
49%
AOTA, 2010
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Traditionalists
1920-1945
Baby Boomers
1946-1964
Generation X
1962-1983
Millennial/Gen Y
1984-2002
Birth Cohorts
22 years
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Economy- Depression; End of WW II
Family- Role oriented- male/female
Expectations clear Communication- Polite, formal, one to one; hand-written notes Work- Directive leadership style, prefer clear organizational hierarchy; loyalty to organization; “put in the time” Thinking- Conservative, rule oriented Obedience more important than individual thinking.Dedication
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Economy- Healthy post Vietnam war, sexual revolution, walk on the moon, Woodstock
Family- nuclear family Communication-open, direct, one to one,consensus less formal Work- Strong work ethic; Self worth tied to work Thinking Value individualism & recognition Developed new ways of doing things
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Economy- National recession, global competition
Family- “anti-child culture”; “Latch key”
kids; friends are family
Communication- blunt; bottom line,
Techno-literate
Work-Prefer to work alone; promotion based on
merit not time; dislike micro-management;
loyal to own career instead of institution
Thinking- Value self reliance; Knowledge is power
Accept diversity
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Economy- Thriving economy/now recession, global
Family- Close to parents, parents protective; Friends are family. “Era of the child”
Communication-Technology driven; expectation of immediate feedback; short responses
Work- Prefer structure, guidance, mentoring, and positive feedback. Work can be done anywhere.
Thinking- “Doing is more important than knowing” Multitasking, Desires Work/Life balance Trial and error learning Value achievement
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Which cohort do you fit into ?
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Social Interaction
Communication
Use of technology
Work Ethics-work/life balance
Learning style
Organizational Hierarchy
Career goals
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Traditionalists Baby Boomer Gen Xer Millennial
Outlook Hopeful Optimistic Skeptical Positive
Work Ethic & Values
Dedicated, Loyal, civic minded
Self fulfillment Work is high quality, efficient & innovative .
“Get it done” Self reliance with structure.
“What is next?” Multitasking, goal oriented
Leadership Style Hierarchy Consensus Respect based on competence
Consensus
Personal Interaction
Formal Less formal, team player
Individual Team
Communication In person, In writing
In person, phone, email
Direct- email, text
Email, Text
Feedback Formal review Performance driven
Performance Driven
Ongoing feedback
Motivation/ Reward
Recognition, Title, Security
Money, title, Recognition
Career freedom and flexibility
Meaningful work; flexible
Technology Tech averse Tech use Technoliterate Tech natives
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Prefer to work in teams
Embrace diversity
Plan to stay with a job over the long term
Process-driven, prefer face to face meetings
Seek work/life balance
Prefer to work alone
Creative, out of the box problem solving
Prefer structure and informality
Prefer clear organizational hierarchy
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Communication style
Work ethic
Organizational Hierarchy
Social norms
Professional Behavior
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C504i9ysGsY&feature=related
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What actions?
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What does each group bring to the table?
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Honesty/ Integrity/Vision
Fairness
Respect
Good Communication Skills
Competence/Problem Solving
Flexibility
(Arnsenault, 2004;Gentry et al.,2011;
Kouzes &Posner,
2010;Watt,2010)
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Respect
Meaningful Work
Flexibility
Fairness
(Deal, 2007)
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What changes would you consider in your workplace now that you know about generational characteristics?
Mentoring, Reverse Mentoring
Flexible Hours
Site Rotations
Explicit Expectations
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Increase the engagement, excitement, and effectiveness of any therapist functioning within a multi-generational workforce.
Maximize the strengths of each individual no matter what generation.
Foster the development of professional skills and self motivated learning abilities that will support a successful lifetime career.
Develop future leaders for occupational therapy.
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Respect and acceptance of differences; acknowledgement of similarities
Knowledge of the strengths of each generation
Communication of “hidden” rules and expectations
Be open to change and adaptation, learn from
each other.
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Student/Employee
Understand the culture of your program/workplace
Understand the expectations of your professor/supervisor
Discuss your expectations Dress appropriately for your
position/role On time behavior Socially appropriate
interactions Seek opportunities to learn
and grow
Professor/Supervisor
Explain what it takes to learn/work under your supervision
Train… Don’t complain Establish clear ground rules Give systematic, honest, and
constructive feedback Listen to requests , require
proposal Engage the
student/employee in activities that have value
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What proactive steps do you think could be used to improve generational interactions at your workplace?
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Talent management-recruitment & retention.
Plan for the future of profession and future of the employee.
Prioritize career development.
Transfer of knowledge.
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Elements of generational competence are essential to “best practice” in healthcare as different generational cohorts enter the healthcare environment.
Focused educational activities that address generational differences could prevent workplace conflict and improve the patient/therapist relationship.
As in any human interaction, respect and acceptance are key.
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AOTA. (2010). 2010 Occupational Therapy Compensation and Workforce Study. Bethesda, MD: American
Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.
AOTA. (2008). Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd Edition) Bethesda,
MD; American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.
AOTA. (2006) AOTA’s Centennial Vision. Retrieved from
http://www.aota.org/News/Centennial/Background/36516.aspx?FT=.pdf
Arsenault, P. (2004). Validating generational differences: A legitimate diversity and leadership issue. Emerald, 25,
124-141.
Deal, J. (2007). Retiring the generation gap. San Francisco,CA: Jossey-Bass.
Gentry,W., Deal,J., Griggs, T., Mondore,S., & Cox, B. (2011). A comparison of generational differences in endorsement of leadership
practices with actual leadership skill level. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 63(1), 39-49.
Kay,S.,Barnes,N.,Arch,J.,Solis,K.,&Vigrass, B. (April, 2012). Generational competence in MOT students.
Poster session presented at AOTA conference, Indianapolis, In.
Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2010). The truth about leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
Strauss, W. & Howe, N. (1991).Generations: The history of America's future, 1584 to 2069. New York, NY: William Morrow
Watt, D. (2010). Boomers, GenX and Gen Y all want the same things at work, a new study says. CA Magazine. Retrieved May 1, 2013
www.camagazine.com/generations/default.aspx