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HAZIRLANMIŞTIR

ÖSYMT A R Z I N D A

İÇİNDEKİLERÜNİTE 1: DENETLEYİCİ VE DÜZENLEYİCİ SİSTEM - DUYULARSİNİR HÜCRELERİ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

İMPULS OLUŞUMU VE İLETİMİ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

MERKEZİ SİNİR SİSTEMİ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17

ENDOKRİN SALGILAR - HİPOTALAMUS - HİPOFİZ ............................................................................................................................................................................. 23

TİROİT - PARATİROİT - PANKREAS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25

BÖBREK ÜSTÜ BEZLER - EŞEYSEL BEZLER ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 27

HORMONLAR VE DÜZENLEME MEKANİZMALARI ............................................................................................................................................................................. 29

DUYU ORGANLARI ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

DOKULAR ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................39

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................45

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................51

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................53

ÜNİTE 2: DESTEK VE HAREKET SİSTEMİİSKELETİN YAPISI VE ÖZELLİKLERİ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 57

KASLARIN YAPISI VE KAS ÇEŞİTLERİ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 61

KASLARIN ÇALIŞMASI ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 63

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................65

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................69

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................73

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................75

ÜNİTE 3: SİNDİRİM SİSTEMİSİNDİRİM SİSTEMİNİN KISIMLARI ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 79

SİNDİRİME YARDIMCI ORGANLAR ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 83

SİNDİRİM KANALI HORMONLARI VE DÜZENLEME ........................................................................................................................................................................... 85

BESİNLERİN KİMYASAL SİNDİRİMİ VE EMİLİM ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 87

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................91

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................95

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................99

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................101

KARMA TESTLER (1 - 3. ÜNİTELER) ............................................................................................................................................. 105

ÜNİTE 4: DOLAŞIM SİSTEMİ VE BAĞIŞIKLIKKALBİN YAPISI VE ÇALIŞMASI .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 111

KAN ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 113

KAN DAMARLARI ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 115

DAMARLAR VE MADDE ALIŞVERİŞİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 117

DOLAŞIM VE DAMARLARDA MADDE ALIŞVERİŞİ .............................................................................................................................................................................. 119

İÇİNDEKİLERKAN DOLAŞIMI ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 121

LENF DOLAŞIMI ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 123

BAĞIŞIKLIK ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 125

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................129

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................133

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................139

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................141

ÜNİTE 5: SOLUNUM VE BOŞALTIM SİSTEMLERİ

SOLUNUM SİSTEMİ ORGANLARI .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 145

SOLUK ALIP VERME MEKANİZMASI ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 147

SOLUNUM GAZLARININ TAŞINMASI ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 149

BÖBREĞİN YAPISI VE NEFRONLAR ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 153

BÖBREKLEDE İDRAR OLUŞUMU VE HOMEOSTASİ ............................................................................................................................................................................ 155

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................157

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................161

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................167

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................169

ÜNİTE 6: İNSANDA ÜREME VE GELİŞME

ERKEK VE DİŞİ ÜREME SİSTEMİNİN YAPISI ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 173

ERKEK VE DİŞİ ÜREME HÜCRELERİNİN ÜRETİLMESİ ......................................................................................................................................................................... 175

MENSTRÜAL DÖNGÜ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 179

DÖLLENME VE EMBRİYONİK GELİŞİM .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 181

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................183

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................185

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................187

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................189

ÜNİTE 7: KOMÜNİTE VE POPÜLASYON EKOLOJİSİ

KOMÜNİTE VE TÜRLER ARASI ETKİLEŞİMLER ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 193

SÜKSESYON, BASKIN TÜR, KİLİT TAŞI TÜR ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 197

POPÜLASYON EKOLOJİSİ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 199

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................205

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................211

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................215

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................217

KARMA TESTLER (1 - 7. ÜNİTELER) ............................................................................................................................................. 221

İÇİNDEKİLERÜNİTE 8: GENDEN PROTEINENÜKLEİK ASİTLERİN KEŞFİ VE DNA’NIN YAPISI .................................................................................................................................................................................... 229

DNA’NIN REPLİKASYONU ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 233

RNA’NIN YAPISI VE ÇEŞİTLERİ ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 235

PROTEİN SENTEZİ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 237

GENETİK MÜHENDİSLİĞİ VE BİYOLOJİ ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 241

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................245

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................247

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................251

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................253

ÜNİTE 9: CANLILARDA ENERJİ DÖNÜŞÜMLERİCANLILIK VE ENERJİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 257

FOTOSENTEZ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 261

FOTOSENTEZ HIZINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 269

KEMOSENTEZ ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 271

HÜCRESEL SOLUNUM ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 273

FERMANTASYON ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 279

HÜCRE SOLUNUMU VE FOTOSENTEZ .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 281

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................283

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................289

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................295

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................297

ÜNİTE 10: BİTKİ BİYOLOJİSİBİTKİSEL DOKULAR VE HÜCRELER ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 301

BİTKİ ORGANLARI ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 307

TEK ÇENEKLİ VE ÇİFT ÇENEKLİ BİTKİLER ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 311

BİTKİ BÜYÜMESİ VE HORMONLARIN ETKİSİ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 313

BİTKİLERDE HAREKET VE FOTOPERİYODİZM....................................................................................................................................................................................... 317

BİTKİLERDE BESLENME................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 321

BİTKİLERDE MADDE TAŞIMA ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 323

BİTKİLERDE EŞEYLİ ÜREME ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 333

MEB KAZANIM TESTİ ....................................................................................................................................................................................337

ÜNİTE ÖLÇME TESTİ ......................................................................................................................................................................................341

ÖZEL TEST (İLERİ DÜZEY SORULAR) ...........................................................................................................................................................345

ÖZEL TEST ÇÖZÜMLERİ ................................................................................................................................................................................347

ÜNİTE 11: CANLILAR VE ÇEVRECANLILAR VE ÇEVRE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 351

KARMA TESTLER (1 - 11. ÜNİTELER)........................................................................................................................................... 357

KAYNAKÇA ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 367