sound waves - wisco science 15/15.1b... · clarinet. 38 may 13 9:59 am 2:1 2/1 octave 800 hz/400hz...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sound Waves - WISCO Science 15/15.1b... · Clarinet. 38 May 13 9:59 AM 2:1 2/1 octave 800 Hz/400Hz 2:3 2/3 ... A Basic Guide to the Science of Acoustics by David C. Knight, Franklin](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051800/5ac024a87f8b9a213f8ba6ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1May 10 11:45 AM
Sound Wavesand their characteristics
1) Frequency (pitch)
2) Intensity (loudness)
3) Harmonic Content
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2May 9 9:02 AM
http://positron.ps.uci.edu/~dkirkby/music/html/demos/PlaneWave/SoundWave.htmlparticle motion
sound waves and the ear drumhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/edl.cfm
this one
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3May 76:52 AM
sound waves and the ear drum
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4May 107:30 AM
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5May 107:30 AM
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6May 76:56 AM
sound as a pressure wave
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7May 9 10:16 AM
vs = 331 m/s at 0 C+ .6 m/s per C
at 20 C the velocity of sound would be?
20 C (.6 m/s/ C) = 12 m/s
therefore, at 20 C, 331 m/s + 12 m/s = 343 m/s
Soundthe speed of sound
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8May 9 10:18 AM
Sound is a longitudinal (compressional) wave
the base wave equation is: vs = fλ characteristics:1) Frequency
humans hear between 20 Hz 20,000 Hz(pitch) determined by source
lowest sound = 20 Hzv = fλ λ = v/f = 340 m/s/20 Hz = 17 m
highest sound = 20,000 Hzv = fλ λ = v/f = 340 m/s/20,000 Hz = 0.017 m
lower vs higher frequency pitch
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9May 9 9:49 AM
speech
thresholdof hearing threshold
of painWhat is the softestthe sound can beto be heard.
At what loudnessdo the sound causepain.
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10May 9 12:07 PM
Difference between a high frequency sound and a low frequency sound.
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11May 9 9:07 AM
noise vs tone
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12May 9 9:49 AM
http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/doppler/doppler.html
Doppler Shift
car hornstillslower than vs
vs
faster than vs
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13May 86:56 AM
listener velocity(detector)
Source velocity
Velocityof sound
Source frequency
Frequencyyou hear
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14May 13 10:21 AM
multiplier
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15May 13 10:29 AM
multiplier
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16May 10 9:33 AM
bullet at mach 1.01, note shock wave just in front of the bullet
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17May 10 9:35 AM
bullet at mach 2.45
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18May 10 9:33 AM
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19May 9 12:08 PM
2) Difference in amplitudes loudness
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20May 9 12:42 PM
Difference in Intensities
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21May 10 10:15 AM
Range of Intensities we hear
softest 1012 W/m2
threshold of hearing
loudest 100 W/m2 (1 W/m2)threshold of pain
1012 range in intensitiesthat's alot
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22May 9 10:46 AM
ex: A sound is radiated from a source at 25 watts of power and is 10 m away. What is the intensity of the sound?
Loudness
I = P/ 4πr 2= 25 W/ 4π(10m) 2
I = .02 W/m2
Area the sound wave covers per unit of time isthe surface area of a sphere A = 4πr2
Power = P = E/t = W/t = Fd/t, or Fv
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23May 9 11:28 AM
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24May 187:28 AM
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25May 187:29 AM
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26May 10 10:18 AM
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27May 10 8:09 AM
sound at threshold of pain
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28May 9 9:26 AM
http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/rad2/mdq.html
sound wave field from speakerhttp://www.mediacollege.com/audio/01/soundwaves.html
water
sound
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29May 97:00 AM
http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/TuningFork/forkmodes.html
tuning forks:
http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/guitars/hummingbird.html
Modal Analysis of an Acoustic Folk Guitar
http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/Rackets/Racket.html
Vibrational Modes of a Racquetball Racket
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30May 9 9:43 AM
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/propagation/propagation.html
Reflected sound wave
all the way down
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31May 10 7:24 AM
10 120 in middle of graph are called "phons"
They relate a sound at any frequency to a 1000 Hz sound at___db's
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32May 9 9:51 AM
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33May 10 7:51 AM
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34May 86:58 AM
3) Quality
Determined by 1number, 2placement, and 3intensity (amplitude) of harmonics present in the sound
Harmonic Content
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35May 86:59 AM
The top graph is the tone of a wooden organ pipe
The bottom graph is the same two tones played by my computer!
The quality of the wooden organ pipe is enhanced by the added harmonic.
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36May 13 10:42 AM
trumpet
french horn
clarinet (I can't play!)
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37May 186:33 AM
Clarinet
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38May 13 9:59 AM
2:1 2/1 octave 800 Hz/400Hz
2:3 2/3 perfect 400 Hz/600Hz fifth
3:4 3/4 perfect 900Hz/1200Hz fourth
4:5 4/5 major 200 Hz/250Hz third
ratio: name example:
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39May 88:41 AM
Here's what sound waves look like. The caption reads, "A visible pattern of sound waves. This new technique of studying sound demonstrates the focusing effect of an acoustical lens on sound waves issuing from the horn at extreme left. Wave pattern is produced by a scanning technique . . ." Bell Telephone Laboratories (external link) <http://www.lucent.com/> photograph, from the book The First Book of Sound: A Basic Guide to the Science of Acoustics by David C. Knight, Franklin Watts, Inc. New York (1960). p. 80Sound waves are acoustic waves, with no electrical component. They are simply vibrations in the air, a physical pressure made by the utterance of the speaker.In somewhat challenging yet elegant writing, A.T.&T. once described sound in these terms, "Audible sound is thus defined as a disturbance in the atmosphere whereby a form of wave motion is propagated from some source at a velocity of 1,075 feet per second, the transmission being accomplished by alternating condensations and rarefacations of the atmosphere in cycles having a fundamental frequency ranging somewhere between 16 per second and 32,000 per second." Principles of Electricity applied to Telephone and Telegraph Work, American Telephone and Telegraph. C.F. Myers, Supervisor of Instruction. Murray Hills, New Jersey? 1939. p.66
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40May 810:17 AM