south dakota forests. forest types black hills flood plain forest upland forest windbreaks and urban...
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South Dakota Forests
Forest Types
• Black Hills• Flood Plain Forest• Upland Forest• Windbreaks and urban forests
South Dakota Forests
1. Black Hills Forest
- Includes mostly ponderosa pine, aspen and spruce
Ponderosa Pine
Aspen
Aspen
Aspen
Spruce
Spruce
Spruce
South Dakota Forests
1. Black Hills Forest
- Includes mostly ponderosa pine, aspen and spruce
- Encompasses 1.3 million acres in the hills and outlying areas
• Tunnel under bark of infected trees• Mate and lay up to 75 eggs under bark• Once hatched, larvae tunnel away from
hatched site , feeding as they go
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
• First major outbreak in 1997• 2006 – about 30% of the area infected
– Estimated around 50% today– Estimated 370,000 acres of ponderosa pine have
been affected in the last 10 years. (out of 1.5 million acres)
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
Methods of control
• Prescribed burning of affected areas• Thinning of forest and infected and
threatened areas– Logging– Pile infected logs and burn or woodchip
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
South Dakota Forests
2. Flood Plain Forest
- Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries
American Elm
Green Ash
South Dakota Forests
2. Flood Plain Forest
- Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries
- Cottonwood trees along small rivers and streams
Cottonwood
Cottonwood
South Dakota Forests
2. Flood Plain Forest
- Elm / Ash trees located along the Missouri river and tributaries
- Cottonwood trees along small rivers and streams
- Total 175,000 acres
South Dakota Forests
3. Upland forests
- Eastern deciduous forest pockets ...Newton Hills
South Dakota Forests
4. Windbreaks and Urban forests
- Planted by settlers
Forest - Prairie
• Encroachment– Trees– Shrubs– Smooth Sumac