south esk river and macquarie river flood data book

SOUTH ESK RIVER ANDMACQUARIE RIVERFLOOD DATA BOOK

Land and Water Management BranchResource Management and Conservation Division

June 2000

South Esk RiverFlood Data Book

This Book Forms a Part of the Requirements forEmergency Management Australia Reporting

Liza FallonDavid FullerBryce GrahamLand and Water Management BranchResource Management and Conservation Division.

Report Series WRA 00/03June 2000.

Emergency Management Australia South Esk River Flood Data Book

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GLOSSARY 4

ACRONYMS 5

1. INTRODUCTION 6

Flood Data Books 6

Data Sources 6

2. THE ENVIRONMENT 7

Catchments and Drainage Systems 7

Climate and Rainfall 7

3. FLOODING OF THE SOUTH ESK AND MACQUARIE RIVERS 9

4. FLOOD ANALYSIS 15

5. RECORDS OF FLOODING 18

6. NEW RECORDS OF FLOODING 38

REFERENCES 39

PLATES

Cover Plate: May 1986 – Flooding of the South Esk River at Longford.Plate 1: Pre 1870 – The Macquarie River at Woolmers Estate near Longford.Plate 2: April 1929 – The Macquarie River at Woolmers Estate near Longford.Plate 3: April 1929 – Floodwaters rising above the Stationmaster’s house at Evandale.Plate 4: April 1929 – Floodwaters under the Gorge Bridge at Launceston.Plate 5: April 1929 – Floodwaters around the Tamar Rowing Sheds at Launceston.Plate 6: Pre 1929 – The Perth Bridge before it was destroyed in the 1929 flood.Plate 7: April 1929 – Floodwaters rising up the piers of the Perth Bridge.Plate 8: April 1929 – The flood peak and the Perth Bridge.Plate 9: April 1929 – The remains of the Perth Bridge after the 1929 flood.Plate 10: May 1969 – Flooding at the Rhodes property near Longford.Plate 11: May 1986 – Flooding of the Macquarie River and the Longford oval.Plate 12: April 1989 – Flooding of the South Esk River at Hadspen.


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GLOSSARY

Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP)A measure of the likelihood (expressed as a probability) of a flood reaching orexceeding a particular magnitude. For example, a 1% (AEP) flood has a 1% (or 1 in a100) chance of occurring or being exceeded at a location in any one year.

Australian Height Datum (ADH) TasmaniaThe datum surface is the mean sea level for 1972 at the tide gauges at Hobart andBurnie. River level heights are benchmarked (marked point in a line of levels) to meansea level.

CatchmentThe land area that drains into a particular watercourse (river, stream or creek). It can bea natural topographic division of the landscape, although the underlying geologicalformations may alter the perceived catchment area suggested solely by topography(limestone caves are an example of this).

CumecThe basic stream flow unit expressed as cubic metres per second (m3/s).

DischargeThe passage of flood flow volume with time. Discharge can be separated into directrunoff (overland flow, interflow and storm flow) and base flow (contributions of groundwater spread out over longer periods of time).

EphemeralA transitory event. A channel, stream or river which only flows after a rainfall event.

Extreme FloodA rare and unusually severe flood that is greater in magnitude than the 1% AEP event,and possibly approaching the magnitude of the Probable Maximum Flood.

FloodInundations of water over land as a result of overflow from rivers or the inflow of tide.Flood runoff results from short duration highly intense rainfall, long duration lowintensity rainfall, snowmelt, failure of dam or levee system, or a combination of theseconditions.

Flood PlainLand which is covered by water when a river overflows its banks during flooding. Theextent of the flood plain will normally be greater than the area covered in a 1% AEPevent.

HydraulicsThe study of water flow in a river and across a flood plain and the evaluation of theriver flow characteristics (ie river height and velocity).


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HydrologyA study of the rainfall-runoff process as it relates to the development of flooding andthe derivation of hydrographs for given floods.

InundationThe flooding of an area so that it is submerged or covered with water.

Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)The flood calculated to be the most severe which is likely to occur at a particularlocation. Such a flood would result from the most sever combination of criticalmeteorological and hydrological conditions.

Rain ShadowAn area that receives relatively little rain due to its location. A rain shadow is oftenformed in the lee of a mountain range.

State Datum (SD) TasmaniaThe datum surface where the mean sea level at Hobart was determined over a period ofthirty years prior to 1905.

ACRONYMS

BOM - Bureau of MeteorologyDPIWE - Department of Primary Industries, Water and EnvironmentDPIF - Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries (replaced by DPIWE)DPI - Department of Primary Industry (replaced by DPIF)EMA - Emergency Management AustraliaHEC - Hydro Electric CommissionIDNDR - International Decade for Natural Disaster ReductionRWSC - Rivers and Water Supply CommissionSES - State Emergency Service


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1. IntroductionFlood Data Books

Flood Data Books are an important initiative funded by the International Decade forNatural Disaster Reduction and the Department of Primary Industries, Water andEnvironment (DPIWE).

Flood Data Books are a new concept in flood plain management in Tasmania. Thebooks are a collation of existing information on rural floods and their extent. Theinformation includes photographs, maps of flood extent, flood profiles, and a tabulationof heights reached by floods (where the information is available ). Alternativeapproaches such as comprehensive but costly floodplain mapping programs areunrealistic for rural areas. Typically the information is not sufficient to undertake theseprograms, and the areal extent of floods make such projects prohibitively expensive.

Flood Data Books will be located in your local government office and are intended to beliving documents updated over time to aid in floodplain planning decisions. If largefloods occur, a comprehensive photographic record can provide valuable informationfor future planning at minimal cost.

Community groups such as Landcare and Waterwatch, or various farming groups areencouraged to contribute their own flood information to these books to make them aseffective as possible for current and future generations.

Data Sources

Data sources used to compile this Flood Data Book include newspaper articles, mediarecords, official records and reports, internal documents, departmental photographs andanecdotal information. As a number of sources have been used, the accuracy of manyof the records cannot be verified and care should be exercised when interpreting theinformation. In addition, properties identified in this book do not represent a list ofareas affected by flooding but are properties where some flood information has beenprovided to DPIWE. Over time, as additional information is collected and added to thisrecord, the level of accuracy regarding flooding and the locations affected shouldincrease.

River level heights are benchmarked (marked point in a line of levels) to mean sea level.In Tasmania, mean sea level was established prior to 1905 and again during 1972. Inresponse to these calculations there have been a number of statewide datum shifts, andtwo level adjustments were applied in 1979 and 1983. Heights computed in the 1979adjustment are known as Australian Height Datum (AHD) 79 heights and heightscomputed in the 1983 adjustment are known as AHD 83 heights (Bowden and Prichard,1992). As a result, to convert data from the State Datum (SD) system used prior to1972 to the current AHD system, a conversion factor needs to be applied. In the Hobartregion, an approximate conversion of minus 0.165 should be applied to SD data.

It is unknown if river level heights in the historical record have been reported as SD orAHD data. As this information has been collated from reports prepared some time ago(often the date can not be verified) it can only be assumed that the SD system applies.


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2. The Environment

Catchments and Drainage Systems

The South Esk Basin is the largest water catchment in Tasmania at approximately8,900km2, refer Figure 1. This catchment is made up of three major sub-catchments allof which experience individual environmental conditions (Bobbi et al., 1995). TheSouth Esk catchment to the east covers approximately 3,650km2 and the three maintributaries toward the top of the basin – the Break O’Day River, Saint Pauls River andNile River, drain it. This river rises in the North Eastern Highlands near Mathinna andpasses through the Fingal Valley before draining through the Launceston Tertiary Basininto the River Tamar Estuary at Launceston. At Launceston, tidal influences are notablein the River Tamar Estuary and the mouth of the South Esk River at the Home Reach.

To the south, the Macquarie catchment covers approximately 3,800km2 and it is drainedby the Macquarie River which rises in two branches (Steane, 1968). The northernbranch rises from just south of Lake Leake in broken country and the southern branchrises from Tooms Lake. The combined streams then flow west-northwest before beingjoined by the Elizabeth River and then Lake River. This somewhat ephemeral river isregulated and flow is supplemented by human activities either from Tooms Lake andLake Leake, or discharges from the Poatina Power Station, established in 1964.

The Macquarie River flows into the South Esk River at Longford. Longford is withinthe upper part of the large flood plain known as the Hadspen Retarding Basin and whenriver levels are high water backs up considerably into the Macquarie River as well asspreading out down stream at Longford (Hydro-Electric Commission, 1992).

The Meander catchment covers an area of approximately 1,400km2. Although thiscatchment contributes flow to the South Esk Basin, flooding in this region has not beenanalysed in this book as insufficient resources to undertake field work in this area hasled to a lack of data.

Climate and Rainfall

Rainfall is variable across the South Esk Basin and the average annual rainfall rangesfrom approximately 500mm at Ross in the Macquarie catchment to over 1200mm atGray on the eastern boundary of the South Esk catchment (Bobbi, et al., 1995). Rainfallin the South Esk catchment is strongly affected by topography with low rainfall to thewest and the highest rainfall to the east. The upper Macquarie River catchment is oneof the driest areas in Tasmania as it lies in the rain shadow of both the westerly andeasterly systems. The area is prone to drought and much of the catchment receives lessthan 600 mm of rainfall/year. In the Meander catchment there is a significant decreasein rainfall from approximately 1200mm rainfall/year on the slopes of the Great WesternTiers to approximately 750mm rainfall/year at Lake Trevallyn in the east.


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Figure 1: The South Esk and Macquarie Catchments (Lands Department, 1992).


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3. Flooding of the South Esk and Macquarie Rivers

Historic flooding throughout Tasmania was first reported in September 1828. At thistime, flow down the South Esk River at Launceston was estimated to have beenapproximately 80% of the flow experienced during the 1929 flood (State EmergencyService, 1990). During this flood, most bridges in the Midlands were carried away andalthough the bridge at Ross survived, it was completely covered by water. Severeflooding was recorded across the Midlands on the 3rd October 1828 and on the30th September 1844, the South Esk and Midlands flooded. In 1852, major flooding atLaunceston was recorded on the 17th July and this event was considered to be thehighest since 1828 (Livingston, 1896). Many road bridges were washed away andfloodwaters from the Macquarie River rose 1.5 metres above the parapet of the RossBridge. Severe flooding in this region was again recorded on the 11th August 1852when the North and South Esk Rivers, the Macquarie River and other tributaries rose tounprecedented heights. At this time, floodwaters were considered most destructive inLaunceston, and the King’s Bridge at Longford and two arches of the Perth Bridge werewashed away. The Ross Bridge was again submerged in August 1854 and in September1854, heavy rainfall nearly carried the bridge away (State Emergency Service, 1990).

On the 16th December 1863, floodwaters rose 40cms above that of the 1929 flood peakin Charles Street, Launceston and this event is considered as possibly the most severeflood to occur here as well as at Campbell Town, Ross and other areas (Hydro-ElectricCommission, 1992). During this flood one of the piers on the Perth Bridge wasdamaged and King’s Bridge at Longford was once again washed away. In 1870,flooding in the South Esk at Longford was recorded on the 9th September and on the18th May 1872, the flow of this River was considered as probably similar to the 1969event (State Emergency Service, 1990). Heavy flooding over the Midlands in June1872 resulted in water rising 1.8 metres over the road at Ross and in December 1875,the Ross Bridge was once again inundated by the Macquarie River. During April 1880,June and November 1889 and July 1893 major flooding on the South Esk andMacquarie Rivers near Launceston, Longford, Campbell Town, Ross and Avoca wererecorded. The Marine Hotel was flooded and the Queen’s Wharf was inundated inLaunceston during the June 1889 event. In November 1889, flow at Longford andthrough the Cataract Gorge was considered greater than during the earlier event,however, flood damage in Launceston was less due to lower tides.

Plate 1: Pre 1870 – The Macquarie River and pump house at Woolmers Estatenear Longford. The Macquarie River is not flooded in this photograph.


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On the 26th April 1910, severe electrical storms were experienced throughout Tasmaniaand many roads were blocked by floodwaters. During 1911, flooding was recorded forthe South Esk and Macquarie Rivers on the 8th March and at Avoca, the South EskRiver was 7.5 metres above its normal river level (State Emergency Service, 1990).Flooding was reported to have caused breaks in the railway line between Tunbridge andCampbell Town on the 20th December 1916. In 1923, the North and South Esk Riversflooded to inundate flat country from Launceston to Newstead on the 20th May and onthe 5th June, the worst flood in 20 years was recorded at Longford. Major flooding wasagain reported at Longford on 12th October 1926 when the township was isolated fromLaunceston by floodwaters. At Launceston, low-lying areas were underwater at hightide and buildings were threatened.

Extreme and significant flooding was experienced throughout Tasmania on the 4th April1929. It is reported that the South Esk River rose 9.0 metres above its summer level atFingal and to 18.0 metres at Evandale – where it was observed that floodwaters rose2.0 metres higher than the 1852 flood event. An approximate peak discharge of5000 cumecs at Perth and 4000 cumecs at Longford was estimated for this event(Hydro-Electric Commission, 1992). Longford and Evandale were inundated and low-lying districts in Launceston were flooded to a depth of 3.0 metres or more. Over 4,500people were reported by the media to have been made homeless during this flood. TheMacquarie River at Ross rose 4.2 metres above the summer level and the Ross Bridgewas nearly submerged. The main road and railway flooded between Ross andTunbridge, and bridges were destroyed at Avoca and Fingal. The Perth Bridge wascompletely destroyed in this flood when it over topped and collapsed.

Plate 2: April 1929 – The Macquarie River and pump house at WoolmersEstate near Longford. Floodwaters are receding in this photograph and an

accurate flood peak height is located inside the building.


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Plate 3: April 1929 – Floodwaters rising above the Stationmaster's house atEvandale (to the extreme left). The goods shed, the Evandale Station

and the pump house (in the middle of the frame).

Plate 4: April 1929 – This photograph details floodwaters under the CataractGorge Bridge at Launceston on the 7th April 1929.

Plate 5: April 1929 – The Gorge Rock Gardens at Launceston detailingfloodwaters swirling around the Tamar Rowing Sheds.


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Plate 6: Pre 1929 – This photograph has been copied from the Weekly Courierand pictured is the Perth Bridge before it was destroyed in the 1929 flood.

Plate 7: April 1929 – This photograph has been copied from the Weekly Courierand here, floodwaters are rising up the piers of the Perth Bridge.

Plate 8: April 1929 – The flood peak and the Perth Bridge very shortly beforethe bridge’s collapse. Floodwaters rose 15cms above the stone wall.

Plate 9: April 1929 – The remains of the Perth Bridge after the 1929 flood.


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The South Esk rose to 6.0 metres above the summer level at Fingal, and to 4.5 metresabove the road at Longford on the 19th June 1931. During March 1932 flooding wasreported in all northern rivers. In December 1934 the Midlands flooded and in March1938, heavy rain in the Midlands caused the largest floods since the 1929 event. DuringJuly 1944, major flooding was recorded in northern rivers and on the 25th March 1946,the South Esk River rose 7.5 metres at Fingal, 5.0 metres at Symmons Plains and 4.5metres at King’s Bridge (assumed to be at Longford). Flooding is noted in June 1946and on the 23rd June 1952, heavy rains (aggravated by snowmelt on the Central Plateau)resulted in widespread flooding. Flooding across the Midlands and on the South EskRiver is noted for September and then October 1952, June 1954, July and December1955, and February 1956. In 1956, severe flooding occurred across the South Eskcatchment on the 23rd May and Longford, Hadspen, Mathinna and Rossarden wereisolated, and at Symmons Plains the river rose to 4.6 metres. The region once againflooded in June 1956 and the Bass and Midland Highways were closed, and the King’sBridge at Longford and the Esk Bridge at Evandale were submerged. Flooding wasreported on the Macquarie River at Baskerville in 1957 when floodwaters rose 4.5metres above the summer level. In August 1958, the main railway line from Hobart toLaunceston was closed by floodwaters and during October of the same year, majorflooding was reported for the South Esk River.

Extreme flooding on the 23rd April 1960 resulted in widespread floodwaters on allTasmanian rivers. At this time, the Macquarie, Elizabeth, Lake and Liffey Rivers wereparticularly affected and families were evacuated from the Ross and Liffey areas. TheMacquarie River below Ross broke its banks and flooded an area 3.0 kilometres acrossin places and Longford was isolated. The South Esk River and the Midlands floodedonce again in May and July 1960, December 1961, July, August and September 1962,February 1964 and July 1966. The Midland, Tasman, Bass and Lake Highways werecut, Longford was isolated and floodwaters covered King’s Bridge in September 1966.Flooding is recorded throughout Tasmania in August 1968, and on the 30th May 1969,the most severe flood since April 1929 was recorded across the South Esk Basin,particularly at Launceston (Department of Public Works, 1970). The South Esk rose to8.0 metres at Longford, 10.5 metres at Avoca and 5.3 metres at Symmons Plains.During this event, Avoca, Rossarden, Storys Creek, Mathinna and Mangana wereisolated. At Longford, 65 houses were inundated by rising floodwaters and over 250people were evacuated from the area.

Plate 10: May 1969 – This photograph was taken from the rear of the Rhodeshomestead near Longford at approximately the flood maximum.


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Moderate flooding occurred across the Midlands in August and October 1969, andMarch and June 1970. In 1974, flooding occurred on all northern rivers on the27th April and on the 7th July, major flooding was reported throughout the South Eskcatchment. The Royal George Road was cut in several places and the Story Creek Roadwas 3.0 metres underwater. Longford was saved from flooding during this flood bylevee banks completed in 1973, however, the township was only accessible viaBishopsbourne. Flooding is noted on the South Esk River in July, August andNovember 1975. Major flooding occurred across the South Esk catchment on the2nd June 1978 and 13 homes were evacuated. During June 1981, moderate flooding wasreported in the Fingal Valley. Launceston received 31mm of rainfall in 6 hours on the20th February, which resulted in flooding at the intersections of Margaret and BalfourStreets, York and Bathurst Streets and in McHugh Street, Kings Meadows. Floodingoccurred in this area again in September, particularly at Longford. In 1986, majorflooding was recorded for the South Esk River on the 18th May and during this flood theFingal Valley flooded, the Esk Bridge at Evandale was underwater, and lower lyingareas adjacent to the Longford Caravan Park were inundated. Minor to moderateflooding was reported for the South Esk River in May 1987, September 1988 and April1989. More recently, flooding occurred in this region during September 1992,December 1993, January 1995 and January 2000.

Plate 11: May 1986 – The Macquarie River detailing flooding of the LongfordCaravan Park and surrounding area.

Plate 12: April 1989 – The South Esk River and the picnic grounds near the OldBass Highway at Hadspen. Here, the flood peak of a moderate flood is detailed.


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4. Flood AnalysisAnalysis of flooding in the Perth and Longford townships on the South Esk River wascompleted by the Hydro-Electric Commission, Water Resources Department in thereports titled, Perth – Longford Flood Plain Study (Hydro-Electric Commission, 1992)and the Longford Flood Plain Study Hydraulics Analysis (Hydro-Electric Commission,1994). In addition, analysis of flooding at Deloraine on the Meander River wascompleted by the Hydro-Electric Commission, Water Resources Department in thereport titled, Deloraine Flood Plain Study (Hydro-Electric Commission, 1997). Withreference to these reports, full flood plain maps are available. The following analysisextends this information to the rural areas of the South Esk and Macquarie Catchments.

Two major weather systems dominate the South Esk River. Frontal activity from thewest brings seasonal rainfall across the South Esk catchment and the occasionalintrusion of sub-tropical low-pressure systems from the east carry substantial quantitiesof rain. As a result, this River is the main source of major flood flows affecting low-lying areas of the Fingal Valley, Longford, Hadspen and Launceston. The upperMacquarie Catchment is one of the driest in Tasmania as it lies in the rain shadow ofboth the westerly and easterly weather systems. However, westerly low pressuresystems do bring cold fronts and high rainfall in late winter – early spring. During thesemonths the Macquarie River often floods, although the severity of these events do notgenerally cause great loss of property or life (Steane, 1968). The region most affectedby flooding of the Macquarie River has been the main road at Ross, where floodwatershave been recorded to a depth of 1.5 metres on occasion.

Since the beginning of flood records in Tasmania ten major events have beendocumented for the period 1828 to 2000. These events occurred in September 1828,May 1852, July 1852, December 1863, May 1872, June 1889, November 1889, July1893, April 1929 and May 1969. The following table (Table 1) details the largestfloods estimated for the South Esk River at Launceston in order of magnitude.

Table 1: The largest floods estimated for the South Esk River at Launceston inorder of magnitude (Livingston, 1986). During these floods the leveebanks at Launceston would have overtopped and caused severe flooding.

Rank Date Flood Peak (cumecs)

1 Dec 1863 46252 Jul 1852 41903 Apr 1929 39644 Sep 1828 33005 July 1893 31606 May 1969 26707 Nov 1889 26708 May 1872 2430


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The following table (Table 2) details the grid reference for those properties identified inthis Flood Data Book. The properties are located along the South Esk River from theLlewellyn area through to Hadspen, and the Macquarie River near Longford, referFigure 2. The properties identified do not represent a list of areas affected by floodingfor the South Esk and Macquarie Rivers but are properties where some floodinformation has been provided to DPIWE.

Table 2: The location of properties where some information on flooding from the surrounding area has been provided to DPIWE.

Property Northing Easting

Andora 5394800 522500Beams Hollow 5405600 506400Bowthorpe 5401400 508800Brambletye 5372400 544100Clarendon 5390800 523400Clyne Vale 5379600 533900Entally 5404500 504900Esk Farm 5397600 508200Esk Vale 5379200 530200Evandale Station 5397900 519900Fairfield 5380900 529600Glen Esk 5375300 539700Glendessary 5397200 518800Greenside 5401400 508800Jessiefield 5399600 509500Lochmaben 5390000 524400Longford Caravan Park 5395500 510300Monds Andafleck Flour Mill 5395700 509900Mountford 5396600 510300Mr Gatenby’s House, Longford 5392400 515600Mr Hart’s House, Evandale 5394800 522500Native Point 5397500 516500Old Tannery Building 5396800 509200Pleasant Banks 5395500 519100Railway Ganger’s House, Evandale 5398100 519800Redbanks 5394800 522500Rhodes 5391800 514500Scone 5392700 514200Evandale Stationmaster’s House 5398100 519800Symmons Plains 5390300 522400Vaucluse 5373700 537300Winburn 5385700 525800Winthorpe 5392900 523700Woolmers Estate 5391500 512200


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Figure 2: The South Esk Basin and the location of properties.

Emergency Management Australia South Esk Basin Flood Data Book

- 18 -

5. Records of FloodingThe following table (Table 3) lists photographs that detail flooding in the South EskRiver and Macquarie River catchments. All photographs listed in this table are held bythe Water Assessment and Planning Branch, DPIWE. The photographs detail a numberof flood events at various locations and properties along the South Esk and MacquarieRivers and associated tributaries. The table includes the grid reference of each locationphotographed, comments and an estimate of the flood frequency (AEP) for the event.Each record also includes identifying photographic numbers to enable electronic accessof the prints and associated information. Alternatively, the Water Assessment Sectionholds hardcopies of this Flood Data Book if required.

These records cover the period from 1927 to 1989, although one photograph was takenpre-1870 and it details the pump house at Woolmers Estate, Longford. Individualsliving along the South Esk and Macquarie rivers at the time of the flood events tookmany of the photographs and provided a copy of the frames, along with relevantinformation, to the Land and Water Management Branch. In addition, manyphotographs in this collection were taken in 1989 and these frames detail the extent offlooding during earlier events. At the time, those people living in the South Esk Riverarea who remembered past flooding were asked to mark the height to which floodwatersrose on their properties or the surrounding area.

Flooding is first detailed in the photographic record in 1927 when floodwaters at thePerth Bridge and the Richies Flour Mill at Perth was recorded. The April 1929 flood isdetailed next and this event is well recorded photographically. At this time, flooding onthe South Esk River is detailed from the Conara area through to Epping Forest, Nile,Evandale, Perth, Longford, Hadspen, and down to the River Tamar at Launceston.During this extreme flood the Perth Bridge was completely destroyed and Hadspen,Longford, Evandale, Perth and Ross were inundated. Longford experienced substantialflooding and here, floodwaters from both the South Esk and Macquarie Rivers aredetailed in this list. At Launceston, the Cataract Gorge is photographed in full flood, asis submerged low-lying areas and the flooded wharf region.

In May 1969, the most severe flood since April 1929 occurred and the extent of thisevent is recorded in the photographic record. Flooding is detailed for the South EskRiver from the Conara area through to Epping Forest, Nile, Evandale, Perth, Longfordand Hadspen. Significant flooding of properties located along the South Esk River isrecorded, as exemplified by floodwaters at the Rhodes property. At Perth, floodwatersrose to the top of the projecting course of bricks on the bridge and many propertieswhere inundated. Hadspen was also flooded, and this photographic record identifiesthat floodwaters rose to the windowsill of the last house before the Old Bass Highway.

Moderate flooding is recorded in this list at Perth in July 1974, when floodwaters rose atthe Scone property and in May 1986, flooding was photographed on the South EskRiver near Conara, Nile and Perth. At Longford, flooding of the South Esk River andthe Macquarie River is detailed. Minor flooding at the picnic grounds near Hadspenwas recorded in April 1989, as is the level to which normal floods rise (those that occurevery 3 to 4 years) at the Entally and Beams Hollow properties.


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Records of Flooding in the South Esk River and Macquarie Catchments

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP

Location Region andProperty

Comments GridReference

PhotoNo

Pre 1870 Missing Record Macquarie River @Longford

Woolmers Estate This photograph details the pump house at WoolmersEstate, Longford. The Macquarie River is not in flood inthis frame.

E512200N5391500

MA002

1927 1:1.1 South Esk @ Perth Perth Bridge These photographs detail flooding at the Perth Bridge in1927.

i) Pictured is the northern side of the bridge duringthe summer when flows were low.

ii) Again, the northern side of the bridge is detailedduring the summer period when flows were low.

iii) The bridge pictured from the southern side.

E515100N5396400

SE066

SE071

SE072

1927 1:1.1 South Esk @ Perth Perth Bridge

Richies Flour Mill

The photograph depicts the Perth Bridge, Mill Race andFlood Gate to Richies Flour Mill at the Scone property.This Mill Race was also used for electricity and it was thefirst in the Southern Hemisphere.

E515100N5396400

SE070

Apr-29 1:100 Macquarie River @Longford

Woolmers Estate This photograph details the pump house at WoolmersEstate, Longford. The Macquarie River floodwaters arereceding in this picture and an accurate flood level mark islocated inside the pump house.

E512100N5391600

MA001


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FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk River @Launceston

Cataract GorgeBridge

This photograph was taken from the Cataract Gorge Bridgeand it details the location where the South Esk SwimmingClub once was.

E510500N5412200

SE002


Royal Park TennisCourts

This photograph details the Royal Park Tennis Courtsbowling green and croquet lawn under flood (flood isreceding).

E510900N5412700

SE003


South EskSwimming Shed

This photograph details the South Esk Swimming Shed afew minutes before it collapsed in the April 1929 flood.

E510500N5412200

SE004


Cataract GorgeBridge

Here, flooding under the Cataract Gorge Bridge is pictured. E510500N5412200

SE005


Tamar RowingSheds

This photograph details the Tamar Rowing Sheds fromGorge Rock Gardens.

E510500N5412200

SE006


Invermay

Rasonia

Flooding of Invermay, Rasonia and the wharf region isdetailed in this photograph. The ship known as theKoranni can be seen pushed up onto the end of the wharf.

E510400N5413300

SE007

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @Hadspen

Main Street/BartlettStreet

Floodwaters rose to the floor of the hall on the corner ofMain Street and Bartlett Street, Hadspen as detailed.

E505000N5404700

SE010


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FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @Longford

Jessiefield

Pateena Road

Floodwaters rose to the foot of the Oak tree pictured andthe flood peaked at approximately 4.00 a.m. on the easternside of Pateena Road, Longford. In the background of theframe is the Jessiefield homestead.

E509500N5399600

SE019


Pateena Road Floodwaters rose to the floor of the old church on PateenaRoad, Longford as detailed.

E509100N5400400

SE020


Esk Farm In this photograph, floodwaters rose to the point indicatedby Johnstone’s feet at Esk Farm. Daffodils planted byMr Johnstone’s grandmother in this area indicate the April1929 flood level.

E508200N5397600

SE021


Wickford Road These photographs detail flooding on Wickford Road,Longford in 1929 when floodwaters rose to the foot of theconcrete marker.

E507900N5398600

SE027

SE028


Longford RailwayBridge

The April 1929 flood rose half way up the steel trusses onthe Longford Railway Bridge.

E510400N5396200

SE033


South Esk CountryClub

Floodwaters rose to the top floor level of what is nowknown as the South Esk Country Club. During this flood,the occupants escaped by boat from the top floor windows.

E509900N5395700

SE035


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FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Monds AndafleckFlour Mill

Floodwaters rose to the red mark as indicated in thisphotograph at the Monds Andafleck Flour Mill.

E509900N5395700

SE036


Cenotaph inMermorial Park

Floodwaters rose to the covered base of the Cenotaph inMemorial Park, Longford as detailed in this photograph.

E510100N5395200

SE037


Rhodes In this photograph Mr Robert Gatenby indicates with hishands the maximum flood level in 1969 at the backentrance to the Rhodes homestead. The April 1929 floodrose 2 metres higher than the flood peak reached duringthis later flood event.

E514500N5391800

SE040


Rhodes The April 1929 flood rose to the black mark (in brandingoil) located in the old wool shed at the Rhodes propertynear Longford.

E514600N5391900

SE041


Rhodes The April 1929 flood rose to the top of the door hinge onthe old wool shed as indicated by Mr Gatenby - standing inthis photograph at the Rhodes property near Longford.

E514600N5391900

SE042

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth Scone

Scone Track

Floodwaters rose to the butt of the pine tree detailed in thisphotograph on the Scone Track.

E514800N5394000

SE054


23

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth Scone These photographs were taken near the South Esk River atthe Scone property.

i) Floodwaters rose to the top of the stain on the wallinside the shearing shed as indicated.

ii) Floodwaters rose to 25 cms below the door lintel.

E513900N5392800

SE056

SE057

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth Scone This photograph depicts the old shearers’ quarters on theScone property. The April 1929 flood rose to the tabletop,as detailed.

E514200N5392700

SE058

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth Perth Bridge These photographs were taken at the Perth Bridge and theydetail the collapse of the bridge during the 1929 flood.

i) This photograph was taken on the left bank of theriver and the bridge can be seen in the background.Floodwaters rose to the level indicated byMr Bean’s feet.

ii) During April 1929, floodwaters rose to the point15cms above the wall of the bridge as pictured, justleaving the stone pier cap above the water line. In1969, the flood came to the top of the projectingcourse of bricks half way up the bridge’s wall.

E515200N5396300

SE060

SE061


24

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth Perth Bridge These photographs were taken at the Perth Bridge and theydetail the collapse of the bridge during the 1929 flood.

i) This photograph has been copied from the WeeklyCourier newspaper and it details the remainder ofthe bridge after the April 1929 flood had subsided.

ii) This photograph has been copied from the WeeklyCourier newspaper and it details the bridge beforeits destruction.

iii) This photograph details the approximate height ofthe flood shortly before the bridge collapsed.

iv) This photograph details the remains of the bridgeshortly after its destruction.

v) This photograph details floodwaters rising up thebridge during the April 1929 flood.

vi) This photograph details the bridge as the flood wasrising and it was taken after 4 hours/20 minutesinto the flood shortly before the bridge collapsed.

vii) This photograph was taken after the collapse of thebridge in the afternoon.

viii) This photograph details the bridge from thenorthwest approach after its collapse.

E515100N5396300

SE062

SE063

SE064

SE065

SE067

SE068

SE069

SE073

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth William Street

Old Punt Road

This photograph was taken on the corner of William Streetand Old Punt Road, Perth and it attempts to detail a shortpost that is not actually visible in the frame. The post isunder the conifer to the left of the frame and floodwatersrose up to the post during the April 1929 event.

E514800N5396700

SE075


25

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth Native Point These photographs were taken at the Native Point Estate.

i) In this photograph, floodwaters rose to the pointindicated by Mr Gibson’s feet. Water rose to thefourth step from the top stairs.

ii) In this photograph, floodwaters rose to the pointindicated by Mr Gibson’s feet near the old shed.

E516500N5397500

SE077

SE079

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Perth Native Point Floodwaters rose to the top of the rock outcrop (centre ofthe frame) at the Native Point Estate , looking downstream.

E516200N5398700

SE080

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @Evandale

Glendessary These photographs were taken at the Glendessary Estate.

i) Floodwaters rose to the point indicated by MrStancombe’s feet on the riverside of theGlendessary homestead.

ii) Floodwaters rose to the rock outcrop at the pointindicated by Mr Stancombe’s feet on the riversideof the Glendessary homestead.

E518800N5397200

SE081

SE082


Stationmaster’sHouse

During this flood, water rose above the Stationmaster'shouse located to the left of the frame. The goods shed, theEvandale Station and the pump house are also detailed tothe centre of the frame. This house is not completelycovered by the flood and here, approximately 60cms of theroof are detailed.

E519800N5398100

SE089


26

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Railway Ranger’sHouse

This photograph records that the April 1929 floodwatersrose above the Railway Ranger's house at Evandale. Thishouse was eventually split in two and destroyed.

E519800N5398100

SE090


Evandale Station These photographs record the April 1929 floodwaters risingat the Evandale Station.

i) The fencing on the left, along with the platformand piles were floating when the photograph wastaken.

ii) Floodwaters rising above the goods shed and thepump house at the Evandale Station. Bothbuildings where covered by the flood and now,neither building exists.

E519900N5397900

SE091

SE092


Main Road

Leighlands Road

During the April 1929 flood, water was recorded asapproaching the house at the bottom corner of the MainRoad and Leighlands Road.

E519800N5398100

SE093


Andora This photograph was taken near the Andora property and itrecords floodwaters rising up to the point indicated byMr Von Stieglitz’s feet. The wooden stake placed to markthe height of the floodwaters may still be located in thegorse.

E522500N5394800

SE095


27

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Redbanks

Nile Road

Mr Hart’s House

These photographs detail flooding at the old stable on theRedbanks property.

i) Here, floodwaters rose to the top of the forth plankon the building from the ground. In addition, thereis also a mark on the byre inside the old stable.

ii) Here, the location of the old stable in relation toMr Hart’s house on the Nile Road is detailed.

E522500N5394800

SE096

SE097


Redbanks This photograph records the original location of theRedbanks homestead on the banks of the South Esk River.Floodwaters rose well up the walls of the homestead andthe occupants where rescued from the roof. The homesteadwas damaged beyond repair during the April 1929 flood.

E521600N5393700

SE099


Winthorpe This photograph details floodwaters rising toapproximately the butt of the hawthorn bush (detailed inthe centre of the frame) at the Winthorpe property.

E523700N5392900

SE101


Symmons Plains These photographs detail flooding at the Symmons Plainshomestead.

i) Floodwaters rose to the lowest step of the gardenstone steps in front of the homestead.

ii) Floodwaters rose almost to the tennis court surfaceand to the top of the lawn next to the court’s fence.

E522400N5390300

SE102

SE103


28

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Nile Clarendon These photographs detail flooding at the Clarendonhomestead.

i) Floodwaters rose to the concrete block in thepaddock behind the homestead.

ii) Floodwaters rose to the steel peg (now buried)behind the homestead.

E523400N5390800

SE104

SE105

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Nile Winburn Floodwaters rose to the front door step at the Winburnhomestead, as detailed.

E525800N5385700

SE108

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @ Nile Winburn Floodwaters rose to the windowsill of the old cottagelocated on the driveway at the Winburn property.

E525800N5385800

SE109

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @Epping Forest

Esk Vale These photographs were taken at the Esk Vale Estate andthey detail that floodwaters rose to the butt of the top-mostconifer growing by the old cottage.

i) Looking northwest.ii) Looking southwest (old toilet in the foreground).

E530200N5379200

SE110

SE111

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @Epping Forest

Clyne Vale This photograph details flooding at Mr Robert’s property –Clyne Vale Estate . This flood rose approximately to thehedge growing above the pump house (contained in thesteep bank).

E533900N5379600

SE113


29

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

Apr-29 1:100 South Esk @Conara

Vaucluse Floodwaters rose to the base of the concrete block (FloodLevel marker) on the Vaucluse property.

E537300N5373700

SE115


Vaucluse This photograph was taken at the Vancluse propertylooking southwest. During the April 1929 eventfloodwaters rose to the foot of the marker claimed to havefallen where it stood at the time.

E538200N5375600

SE117


Glen Esk Floodwaters rose to the mantelpiece height at the Glen Eskhomestead pictured in this photograph.

E539700N5375300

SE118


Brambletye Floodwaters rose to the top of the bank (to the right of theframe) on the Brambletye property.

E544100N5372400

SE122


Brambletye Floodwaters rose half way up the steel post (was barngauge) on the Brambletye property as indicated. TheBrambletye homestead is located in the background of thisphotograph.

E543900N5372500

SE124

May-69 1:40 South Esk @Hadspen

Old Bass Highway Floodwaters rose to the window of the last house beforeOld Bass Highway Bridge on the right bank.

E504900N5404500

SE011


30

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

May-69 1:40 South Esk @Longford

Bowthorpe

Norwich Drive

Pateena Road

Greenside

These photographs detail flooding at the Bowthorpeproperty where floodwaters rose to the corner of the cottagegarden.

i) This photograph was taken from the junction ofNorwich Drive and Pateena Road, Longford.

ii) This photograph was taken from the entrance to theGreenside property (pump house also detailed).

E508800N5401400

SE014

SE016


Bowthorpe Floodwaters rose up to the road by the first guide post onthe left of the frame. The new house in the middleforeground may have been below flood level. TheBowthorpe property is detailed in the far background.

E508400N5401900

SE017


Jessiefield Floodwaters rose to the edge of the road at the entrance tothe Jessiefield property in Pateena. Mr Hughes’ feetindicate the maximum flood height.

E509400N5399100

SE018


Esk Farm In this photograph, floodwaters rose to the hedge on thefront lawn at Esk Farm.

E508200N5397600

SE022


Wickford Road These photographs detail flooding on Wickford Road,Longford looking east-north-east, when floodwaters rose to1.5 metres vertically below the foot of the concrete block(Flood Level marker).

E507900N5398600

SE027

SE028


31

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Old TanneryBuilding

Tannery Straight

These photographs detail flooding at the Old TanneryBuilding.

i) The 1969 flood rose to the top of the lowerwindows.

ii) Floodwaters rose to the spouting on the main roofof the cottage on Tannery Straight. The OldTannery Building can be seen in the background.

E509200N5396800

SE029

SE030


Mountford In this photograph, floodwaters rose to the point on theMountford property as indicated by the feet of Mr Bean andMr Mackinnon. The pump house is detailed in thebackground.

E510300N5396600

SE031


Mountford In this photograph, floodwaters rose to the point on theMountford property as indicated by the feet of Mr Bean andMr Mackinnon. The new bridge can be seen in thebackground.

E510600N5396200

SE032



The 1969 flood rose up to the rail on the Longford RailwayBridge.

E510400N5396200

SE033



Floodwaters rose to the rails of the subsidiary RailwayBridge viaduct. The viaduct was built after the April 1929flood.

E510400N5396200

SE034


32

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Rhodes In this photograph, Mr Gatenby indicates with his handsthe maximum flood level reached in 1969. The backentrance to the Rhodes homestead is pictured.

E514500N5391800

SE040


Woolmers Estate This photograph depicts the southern side of the WoolmersEstate lane. Floodwaters during the 1969 event rose to thefoot of the large gum tree in the centre left of the frame.

E510400N5413900

SE043


Rhodes Floodwaters during the 1969 event rose half way up theconcrete post at the entrance to the Rhodes property.

E514600N5391700

SE044


Rhodes

Mr Gatenby’sHouse

These photographs detail Mr Gatenby’s house and thetennis court on the Rhodes property where floodwaters roseto:

i) Within 25cms of the top of the tennis court netpost.

ii) The post to the middle left of the frame (the post bythe tennis court fence - centre of the waterchannel).

E515600N5392400

SE045

SE048


Rhodes

Mr Gatenby’sHouse

These photographs detail Mr Gatenby’s house, the tenniscourts and the surrounding area on the Rhodes property.The trash lines after the flood is detailed.

E516200N5392500

SE046

SE047


33

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Rhodes These photographs detail flooding at the Rhodes homesteadand they are taken from:

i) The horse trough at the rear of the Rhodeshomestead.

ii) The back door area after the flood had receded.iii) The back door area at approximately maximum

flood height.iv) The back door area looking down the yard to the

old shearing shed on the left.

E514500N5391800

SE049

SE050

SE051

SE052

May-69 1:40 South Esk @ Perth Scone Track This photograph details the gauge board on the SconeTrack. The 1969 flood rose to 60cms over the gauge board.

E514600N5393700

SE055

May-69 1:40 South Esk @ Perth Scone This photograph depicts the old shearers' quarters on theScone property. The 1969 flood came to just under thefloorboards.

E514200N5392700

SE058

May-69 1:40 South Esk @ Perth Perth Bridge Photograph of the Perth Bridge. During the May 1969event, floodwaters rose to the top of the projecting courseof bricks half way up the wall.

E515200N5396300

SE061

May-69 1:40 South Esk @ Perth Mill Hill

Mill Road

This photograph details that floodwaters rose to the butt ofthe left-most poplar on Mill Hill, located on Mill Road nearPerth.

E515300N5398400

SE076


34

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

May-69 1:40 South Esk @ Perth Native Point This photograph records that the flood came to the pointindicated by Mr Gibson’s feet on the path in front of theNative Point homestead.

E516500N5397500

SE078

May-69 1:40 South Esk @Evandale

Pleasant Banks These photographs detail flooding at the Pleasant BanksEstate.

i) Floodwaters rose to the corner of the timber shed atthe side of the property.

ii) Floodwaters rose to a point 1.2 metres short(horizontally) from the butt of the palm tree at thefront of the homestead.

E519100N5395500

SE083


Andora Floodwaters almost covered the old pump house rear theAndora property.

E520600N5395800

SE094


Redbanks Floodwaters rose to the floor of Launceston Airport's radiobeacon on the Redbanks property, as indicated.

E522200N5394100

SE098


Clarendon LodgeRoad

Winthorpe Bridge

This photograph was taken at the Winthorpe Bridge overGolden Gully Creek on the Clarendon Lodge Road.Floodwaters rose to a point as indicated by Mr Hart’s feet(a small peg at the side of the road was placed).

E523500N5392900

SE100


35

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo

May-69 Insufficient Data South Esk @ Nile Lochmaben

Clarendon

This photograph was taken looking northwest from theLochmaben property with the Clarendon property in thebackground. This picture records that most floods come tothe foot of the bank on the right of the frame. In 1969,floodwaters covered the entire flat.

E524400N5390000

SE106

May-69 Insufficient Data South Esk @Epping Forest

Esk Vale Floodwaters rose to the point where the base to thebarbecue now stands at the Esk Vale Estate (note: the frostpictured was at 09:15; temperature -5C).

E530300N5379200

SE112


Clyne Vale This photograph details flooding at Mr Robert’s property -Clyne Vale Estate . In 1969 the flood rose half way up thedoor of the pump house (middle hinge).

E533900N5379600

SE113


Fairfield Floodwaters rose to the pump house at the Fairfieldproperty as indicated by Mr Youl pictured. An accurateflood mark is located in the adjacent pump house at theproperty.

E529600N5380900

SE114

May-69 Insufficient Data South Esk @Conara

Vaucluse This photograph was taken at the Vancluse propertylooking southwest. During the April 1929 eventfloodwaters rose to the foot of the marker claimed to havefallen where it stood at the time. In 1969, the flood wasrecorded at five foot vertically lower.

E538200N5375600

SE117


36

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Glen Esk Floodwaters rose to the point where Mr Mackinnon’s feetare pictured on the lawn at the Glen Esk Estate.

E539700N5375300

SE119


Brambletye This photograph records that the 1969 flood covered thetrough (hollow in paddock to right of frame in shadow) inthe foreground paddock on the Brambletye property.

E544100N5372500

SE121

Jul-74 1:6 South Esk @ Perth Scone Track This photograph details the gauge board on the SconeTrack. The 1974 flood rose to 75cms over the gauge board.

E514600N5393700

SE055

May-86 1:8 South Esk @ Perth Scone Floodwaters rose to the base of the steel dropper on theScone property. The old pump house can be seen in thebackground.

E514200N5394900

SE053

May-86 1:8 South Esk @ Perth Scone Track This photograph details the gauge board on the SconeTrack. The 1986 flood rose to 35cms over the gauge board.

E514600N5393700

SE055

May-86 Insufficient Data South Esk @ Nile Winburn Floodwaters rose to the sixth (VI) mark on the markedgauge board at the rear of the Winburn homestead.

E525800N5385600

SE107


Glen Esk This photograph records that the 1986 floodwaters rose tothe base of the elm tree on the lawn of the Glen Esk Estate .

E539700N5375300

SE120


37

FloodEvent

Flood FrequencyAEP



PhotoNo


Longford These photographs were taken looking across the recreationarea and the Longford township at the confluence of theMacquarie and South Esk Rivers. Flooding over thegeneral area and the road bridge is detailed.

E510250N5395750

SE125

SE126

May-86 1:8 Macquarie @Longford

Longford This photograph was taken at the velodrome and LongfordCaravan Park and it details flooding over the lower lyingareas adjacent to the Macquarie River.

E510300N5395500

MA003

Apr-89 1:3 South Esk @Hadspen

Old Bass Highway This photograph was taken at the picnic grounds near theOld Bass Highway. Floodwaters are pictured atapproximately the maximum height of a moderate floodand here, a toilet block is half submerged.

E504800N5404500

SE013

VariousYears

1:3 to 4 South Esk @Hadspen

Entally This photograph details the level to which normal floodsrise (those that occur every 3 to 4 years). Floodwatersgenerally reach the foot of the sign and entrance to theEntally homestead.

E504900N5404500

SE012

VariousYears

1:3 to 4 South Esk @Hadspen

Beams Hollow This photograph details the level to which normal floodsrise (those that occur every 3 to 4 years). Floodwatersgenerally rise to the foot of the Beams Hollow propertysign.

E506400N5405600

SE009


38

6. New Records of Flooding

The following table (Table 4) has been provided for the entry of new flood events. As this is a living document to be updated over time, if a floodoccurs you are encouraged to contribute your own flood information to these books to make them as effective as possible for current and futuregenerations.

Records of Future Flooding in the South Esk River and Macquarie Catchments

FloodEvent

Flood Frequency(AEP)



River Level(AHD - metres)

PhotoNo


39

REFERENCES

Bobbi, C., Fuller, D. and Oldmeadow, D. (1996) South Esk Basin ‘State of RiversReport’, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Tasmania.

Bowden, N. (2000) Geomatic Specialist, Land Information Services, Department ofPrimary Industries, Water and Environment, Tasmania, personalcommunications.

Bowden, N. J. and Prichard A. S. (1992) Hobart Tide Gauge – Record of HeightDatums, SVY/05/003, SVY/04/002, Geodetic files S366, Land InformationServices, Tasmania.

Bureau of Meteorology (1936) Results of Rainfall Observations Made in Tasmania,Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne.

Bureau of Meteorology (1974) Tasmania: Outstanding Floods and Noteworthy FloodPeriods and Main Areas Affected, Internal Document, Commonwealth ofAustralia, Hobart.

Bureau of Meteorology (date unknown) Investigations into Past Floods in Hobart,Internal Document, Commonwealth of Australia, Hobart.

Bureau of Meteorology (date unknown) Floods – Southeastern Tasmania, InternalDocument, Commonwealth of Australia, Hobart.

Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, various departmental files andreports, Tasmania.

Department of Public Works (1970) Report on Flooding HvH/5, Department of PublicWorks, Tasmania.

Hydro-Electric Commission (1992) Perth – Longford Flood Plain Study, WaterResources Department, Hydro-Electric Commission Report No 1992/02,Tasmania.

Hydro-Electric Commission (1994) Longford Flood Plain Study Hydraulic Analysis,Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Hydro-Electric CommissionReport No 001-0529-CR-001, Tasmania.

Hydro-Electric Commission (1997) Deloraine Flood Plain Study, Water ResourcesDepartment, Hydro-Electric Commission Report No 001-0591-CR-001,Tasmania.

Livingston, A. H. (1986) Flood Frequency Anomalies – Derwent and South Esk, Hydro-Electric Commission, Tasmania.

Livingston, A. H. (1986) South Esk River – Flood Level Data in the Vicinity ofTrevallyn Dam, Hydro-Electric Commission, Tasmania.


40

Lands Department (1992) TASMAP – Tasmania 1:500000 Recreational Areas and LandDivisions, the Mapping Division, Lands Department, Hobart.

MacGeorge, C. (2000) Section Head Hydrology, Bureau of Meteorology, Tasmania,personal communications.

State Emergency Service (1990) History of Emergency Events Tasmania: Issue 1, StateEmergency Service.

Steane, J. D. (1968) Tasmanian Water Resources Survey Report No 4: The Elizabethand Macquarie Rivers above Baskerville, Rivers and Water SupplyCommission, Tasmania.

Waters, T. (2000) Senior Transport Supervisor, Department of Infrastructure, Energyand Resources, Tasmania, personal communications.

Weekly Courier (1929) Photographs detailing the collapse of the Perth Bridge - Perth,Weekly Courier, Tasmania.

south esk river and macquarie river flood data book

Documents