south pierce fire & rescue wildland fire fighter safety
TRANSCRIPT
South Pierce Fire & RescueSouth Pierce Fire & RescueWildland Fire Fighter Wildland Fire Fighter
SafetySafety
Course OverviewCourse Overview
IntroductionIntroduction
SafetySafety
Hazards of Trees and SnagsHazards of Trees and Snags
Common Denominators on Common Denominators on Tragedy & Near Miss FiresTragedy & Near Miss Fires
Course Overview, Course Overview, continuedcontinued
The Watch Out SituationsThe Watch Out Situations
The 10 Standard Fire OrdersThe 10 Standard Fire Orders LCES LCES (Lookouts, Communications, Escape (Lookouts, Communications, Escape
Routes, Safety Zones)Routes, Safety Zones)
SafetySafety
Safety DefinitionsSafety Definitions
Firefighter’s RequirementsFirefighter’s Requirements
Two Types of HazardsTwo Types of Hazards
Other Environmental hazardsOther Environmental hazards
Biological HazardsBiological Hazards
Safety, continuedSafety, continued
Equipment HazardsEquipment Hazards
Vehicle HazardsVehicle Hazards
Aircraft HazardsAircraft Hazards
Fire Environment HazardsFire Environment Hazards
Human Related HazardsHuman Related Hazards
Staging Area/Base Camp Related Staging Area/Base Camp Related HazardsHazards
Hazards of Trees and Hazards of Trees and SnagsSnags
The Three Categories or Conditions The Three Categories or Conditions of Treesof Trees• LivingLiving• DyingDying• Dead (Snags)Dead (Snags)
The Hazards to be aware of when The Hazards to be aware of when working around each category of working around each category of treetree
Hazards of Trees and Hazards of Trees and Snags, cont.Snags, cont.
Safety Procedures in Hazardous AreasSafety Procedures in Hazardous Areas• Report hazards to immediate supervisorReport hazards to immediate supervisor
• Flag unsafe objects and/or areas to Flag unsafe objects and/or areas to identifyidentify
• There are two options for working in There are two options for working in unsafe areas:unsafe areas:– Do not enter the area util it is safe.Do not enter the area util it is safe.– Make the area safe to work in, provided you Make the area safe to work in, provided you
have received approval from your supervisor.have received approval from your supervisor.
Common Denominators on Common Denominators on Tragedy & Near Miss FiresTragedy & Near Miss Fires
They are:They are:• Most incident occurred on smaller fires or on Most incident occurred on smaller fires or on
isolated portions of a larger fire.isolated portions of a larger fire.
• Most flare-ups occur in deceptively light fuels.Most flare-ups occur in deceptively light fuels.
• Most occur when fires run uphill surprisingly Most occur when fires run uphill surprisingly fast in chimneys, gullies, and on steep slopes.fast in chimneys, gullies, and on steep slopes.
• Most fires were innocent in appearance before Most fires were innocent in appearance before “flare-ups” or problem fire behaviors “flare-ups” or problem fire behaviors occurred.occurred.
The Watch Out SituationsThe Watch Out Situations
The conditions or situations that we The conditions or situations that we must be aware of and recognize must be aware of and recognize are called the Watch Out are called the Watch Out Situations. Situations.
They serve as warning signs that They serve as warning signs that immediate action must be taken.immediate action must be taken.
The Watch Out Situations, The Watch Out Situations, cont.cont.
They are:They are:1. The fire has not been scouted and 1. The fire has not been scouted and
sized-up.sized-up.
2. You are in country you have not seen in 2. You are in country you have not seen in daylight.daylight.
3. Your safety zones and escape routes 3. Your safety zones and escape routes have not been identified.have not been identified.
4. You are unfamiliar with weather and 4. You are unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior.local factors influencing fire behavior.
The Watch Out Situations, The Watch Out Situations, cont.cont.
They are:They are:5. You are uninformed on strategy, 5. You are uninformed on strategy,
tactics, or hazards.tactics, or hazards.
6. Your instructions and assignments 6. Your instructions and assignments are not clear.are not clear.
7. There is no communication link 7. There is no communication link with crew members; supervisors and with crew members; supervisors and adjoining forces.adjoining forces.
The Watch Out Situations, The Watch Out Situations, cont.cont.
They are:They are:8. You are constructing line without a 8. You are constructing line without a
safe anchor point.safe anchor point.
9. You are building a fireline downhill 9. You are building a fireline downhill with fire below.with fire below.
10. You are attempting a frontal assault on 10. You are attempting a frontal assault on a fire.a fire.
11. There is unburned fuel between you 11. There is unburned fuel between you and the fire.and the fire.
The Watch Out Situations, The Watch Out Situations, cont.cont.
They are:They are:12. You cannot see the main fire, and you 12. You cannot see the main fire, and you
are not in contact with anyone who can.are not in contact with anyone who can.
13. You are working on a hillside where 13. You are working on a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below.rolling material can ignite fuel below.
14. The weather is getting hotter and drier.14. The weather is getting hotter and drier.
15. The wind increases or changes 15. The wind increases or changes direction.direction.
The Watch Out Situations, The Watch Out Situations, cont.cont.
They are:They are:16. You are getting frequent spot 16. You are getting frequent spot
fires across the line.fires across the line.
17. Terrain and fuels make escape to 17. Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult.safety zones difficult.
18. You feel like taking a nap near the 18. You feel like taking a nap near the fire line.fire line.
The 10 Standard Fire The 10 Standard Fire OrdersOrders
Guidelines to prevent fire fatalities.Guidelines to prevent fire fatalities.
They are:They are:1. Fight fire aggressively but provide 1. Fight fire aggressively but provide
for safety first.for safety first.
2. Initiate all action based on current 2. Initiate all action based on current and expected fire behavior. and expected fire behavior.
3. Recognize current weather 3. Recognize current weather conditions and obtain forecasts.conditions and obtain forecasts.
10 Standard Fire Orders, 10 Standard Fire Orders, cont.cont.
They are:They are:4. Ensure instructions are given and 4. Ensure instructions are given and
understood. understood.
5. Obtain current information on fire 5. Obtain current information on fire status.status.
6. Remain on communications with 6. Remain on communications with crew members, your supervisor, and crew members, your supervisor, and adjoining forces. adjoining forces.
10 Standard Fire Orders, 10 Standard Fire Orders, cont.cont.
They are:They are:7. Determine Safety Zones and Escape 7. Determine Safety Zones and Escape
Routes.Routes.
8. Establish Lookouts in potentially 8. Establish Lookouts in potentially hazardous situations.hazardous situations.
9. Retain Control at all times.9. Retain Control at all times.
10. Stay Alert, keep Calm, Think clearly, 10. Stay Alert, keep Calm, Think clearly, and act decisively.and act decisively.
LCES LCES (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes,
Safety Zones)Safety Zones)
To reduce the risks of fire entrapment, To reduce the risks of fire entrapment, LookoutsLookouts must be posted with must be posted with Communications Communications to each to each firefighter and have a minimum of firefighter and have a minimum of two two Escape RoutesEscape Routes from a work from a work location to a location to a Safety ZoneSafety Zone every every time a firefighter is working around time a firefighter is working around an objective hazard.an objective hazard.
LCES LCES (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes,
Safety Zones)Safety Zones)
Back off if the situation is too Back off if the situation is too complex.complex.
Base all actions on current and Base all actions on current and expected fire behavior.expected fire behavior.
Post lookouts, establish escape Post lookouts, establish escape routes and safety zones.routes and safety zones.
Re-assess your tactics.Re-assess your tactics.
LCES LCES (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes,
Safety Zones)Safety Zones)
Situations where firefighters get in Situations where firefighters get in troubletrouble
DownhillDownhill
&&
IndirectIndirect
LCES LCES (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, (Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes,
Safety Zones)Safety Zones)
To implement LECS Establish :To implement LECS Establish :
LookoutsLookouts
CommunicationsCommunications
Escape RoutesEscape Routes
Safety ZonesSafety Zones