southeast asia and the cold war
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SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WAR. Indonesia Malaya/Malaysia Thailand Philippines Indochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos. INDONESIA. GEOGRAPHY. 13,000 islands 230 million people – 4 th highest in world. Main population center is Java Resources: oil (Sumatra), rain forest timber, spices - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE COLD WARCOLD WAR
IndonesiaIndonesiaMalaya/MalaysiaMalaya/MalaysiaThailandThailandPhilippinesPhilippinesIndochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, LaosIndochina – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
INDONESIAINDONESIA
GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY 13,000 islands13,000 islands 230 million people – 4230 million people – 4thth
highest in world.highest in world. Main population center is Main population center is
JavaJava Resources: oil Resources: oil
(Sumatra), rain forest (Sumatra), rain forest timber, spicestimber, spices
Low-cost manufacturing Low-cost manufacturing on Javaon Java
Capital: Jakarta, popul. Capital: Jakarta, popul. 7.5 million7.5 million
MAIN ISLAND: JAVAMAIN ISLAND: JAVA http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/
12/28/travel/1228-JAVA_index.html?emc=eta3
BorobudurBorobudur World’s largestWorld’s largestBuddhist temple –Buddhist temple –In a Muslim country.In a Muslim country.
Indigenous peoplesIndigenous peoples Thousands of ethnic Thousands of ethnic
groups on different groups on different islands.islands.
Dayak child of Dayak child of Borneo. Borneo.
ColonizationColonization Dutch oust Dutch oust
PortuguesePortuguese Founded Batavia, Founded Batavia,
now Jakartanow Jakarta Exploited people and Exploited people and
countrycountry Rapid population Rapid population
growthgrowth
JAPANESE OCCUPATION – JAPANESE OCCUPATION – WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II
Japanese occupy Japanese occupy Dutch East Indies to Dutch East Indies to secure the oil supply secure the oil supply on Sumatraon Sumatra
Occupy it using Occupy it using Korean troopsKorean troops
SUKARNOSUKARNO Led independenceLed independence
drive against Dutchdrive against DutchLeader of Neutral blocLeader of Neutral bloc in Cold Warin Cold War““Guided Democracy” Guided Democracy” after 1959after 1959Leaned towards Leaned towards CommunistsCommunists
1960s1960s By the early 1960s, Indonesia’s By the early 1960s, Indonesia’s
Communist party is the largest in Asia Communist party is the largest in Asia outside of Chinaoutside of China
U.S. concerned about Communist U.S. concerned about Communist takeover – the biggest ‘domino’ in region.takeover – the biggest ‘domino’ in region.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tn0wW4-ciMA
NIGHT OF THE GENERALSNIGHT OF THE GENERALS 1965 - Five prominent generals 1965 - Five prominent generals
assassinatedassassinated Communist party blamedCommunist party blamed Sukarno removed by officers; replaced Sukarno removed by officers; replaced
by General Suhartoby General Suharto Half-million Communists purged and Half-million Communists purged and
most executed.most executed.
SUHARTOSUHARTO
Suharto is pro-WesternSuharto is pro-Western Also very corrupt; family Also very corrupt; family
runs almost everythingruns almost everything Invades Portuguese East Invades Portuguese East
Timor in 1975, hundreds Timor in 1975, hundreds of thousands killed thereof thousands killed there
Economy grows rapidly, Economy grows rapidly, but so does populationbut so does population
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=941b2tPqyuU
Suharto falls in 1998; today Suharto falls in 1998; today Indonesia’s democracy is Indonesia’s democracy is growinggrowing
THAILAND THAILAND Never colonized by a European powerNever colonized by a European power Reverence for king and royal familyReverence for king and royal family Real power can fluctuate – military Real power can fluctuate – military
coups, etc.coups, etc. King Mongkut – 19King Mongkut – 19thth century modernizer century modernizer
similar to Meiji in Japansimilar to Meiji in Japan Neutral in World War II, leaned toward Neutral in World War II, leaned toward
JapaneseJapanese
THAI KINGSTHAI KINGS
THAILAND IN THE THAILAND IN THE COLD WARCOLD WAR
Communist insurrection in 1960sCommunist insurrection in 1960s Rebels were unable to gain much support; Rebels were unable to gain much support;
people trusted the government. Govt. provided people trusted the government. Govt. provided services and security.services and security.
Insurrection fizzled out in 1979 when Insurrection fizzled out in 1979 when government offered an amnesty to rebelsgovernment offered an amnesty to rebels
Thailand a strong ally of U.S. – naval presence Thailand a strong ally of U.S. – naval presence therethere
Refugee camps for displaced persons from other Refugee camps for displaced persons from other Southeast Asian countries.Southeast Asian countries.
MALAYA / MALAYSIAMALAYA / MALAYSIA British colony till 1965British colony till 1965 A confederation of formerly independent A confederation of formerly independent
small states ruled by Muslim sultanssmall states ruled by Muslim sultans After Japanese conquest in WWII, the After Japanese conquest in WWII, the
small communist party became well-small communist party became well-organized as a resistance force.organized as a resistance force.
Led a rebellion, mainly among Chinese Led a rebellion, mainly among Chinese MalayansMalayans
MALAY EMERGENCY- A MALAY EMERGENCY- A successful counter-successful counter-insurgencyinsurgency
British, with help of Malay C.C. British, with help of Malay C.C. Too, develop psychological Too, develop psychological warfare techniqueswarfare techniques
Set out to win “hearts and minds” Set out to win “hearts and minds” of villagersof villagers
Many Chinese Malayans rounded Many Chinese Malayans rounded up and put into fortified up and put into fortified camps/villages.camps/villages.
Some are still thereSome are still there Rebellion failsRebellion fails Malaysia – Malay peninsula plus Malaysia – Malay peninsula plus
British colonies in Borneo, British colonies in Borneo, become independent in 1965. become independent in 1965. Singapore decides to be Singapore decides to be independent.independent.
TODAY: MALAYSIATODAY: MALAYSIADeveloping nationDeveloping nationOil wealth in BorneoOil wealth in BorneoPetronas Towers – Petronas Towers –
world’s tallest world’s tallest buildingbuilding
Dr. Mahathir Dr. Mahathir MohammedMohammed
PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
Peopled over 20,000 Peopled over 20,000 years ago years ago
Modern people of many Modern people of many ethnic groups speak ethnic groups speak Malay languagesMalay languages
Conquered by the Conquered by the Spanish; most are Spanish; most are CatholicCatholic
A few million in south are A few million in south are MuslimMuslim
U.S. in PhilippinesU.S. in Philippines U.S. conquered U.S. conquered
Manila in Spanish-Manila in Spanish-American WarAmerican War
Pres. McKinley Pres. McKinley decided to keep decided to keep islands as a colony islands as a colony “to civilize and “to civilize and Christianize them” Christianize them” (although they were (although they were already Christians)already Christians)
HUK REBELLIONHUK REBELLIONJapanese conquer and Japanese conquer and
occupy Philippines in occupy Philippines in early World War II, US early World War II, US under Gen. Douglas under Gen. Douglas MacArthur (“I Shall MacArthur (“I Shall Return”) reconquers.Return”) reconquers.
US grants independence in US grants independence in 19471947
After war, Communists After war, Communists seek to take advantage seek to take advantage of rebellion in its of rebellion in its southern islands - failssouthern islands - fails
FERDINAND MARCOSFERDINAND MARCOS Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos
elected Pres. In 1966elected Pres. In 1966 Declares state of Declares state of
emergency, continues emergency, continues to rule under martial to rule under martial law for 20 years, law for 20 years, backed by US. backed by US. because he was a because he was a staunch anti-staunch anti-CommunistCommunist
PEOPLE POWER - 1986PEOPLE POWER - 1986 Opposition leader Opposition leader
Benigno Aquino murdered Benigno Aquino murdered trying to return in 1983.trying to return in 1983.
In 1986, anti-Marcos In 1986, anti-Marcos demonstrations grow to demonstrations grow to enormous size, backed by enormous size, backed by army, Catholic Church army, Catholic Church and the middle class.and the middle class.
Marcos, ill, flees to US.Marcos, ill, flees to US. Aquino’s widow, Corazon, Aquino’s widow, Corazon,
becomes Pres.-becomes Pres.-democracy restored.democracy restored.
Imelda Marcos’ shoe Imelda Marcos’ shoe closetcloset