southern africa r4 d highlights (bot) 23.03.11
TRANSCRIPT
Highlights of Agroforestry R4D in
Southern Africa
Festus Akinnifesi, PhD
Regional Coordinator,
Southern Africa Programme
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
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ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWEMOZAMBIQUE
MALAWI
HARARE
Zomba
LILONGWE
LUSAKA
Chipata
MAPUTO
Beira
Quelimane
BlantyreTete
25°0'0"E
25°0'0"E
30°0'0"E
30°0'0"E
35°0'0"E
35°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
40°0'0"E
25°0'0"S 25°0'0"S
20°0'0"S 20°0'0"S
15°0'0"S 15°0'0"S
10°0'0"S 10°0'0"S
0 100 200 300 40050
Kilometers
4
Legend
PSUA
Major City
Southern Africa Region
World Agroforestry Centre
Regional Characteristics
Regional Problems:Biophysical Socio-economic
1. Natural resource degradation:
Soil fertility decline
Deforestation
Uncontrolled fires:loss of biodiversity
2. Climatic problems: Unimodal and erratic rainfall; frequent droughts and floods
1. Poverty & food insecurity
2. Uncoordinated policies: less
attention to sustainability
3. Inadequate human resource
capacity
4. Lack of environmental
awareness
5. Undeveloped markets
6. Health (HIV/AIDS. Malaria)
Country Presence and Main Partners1. Malawi: Ministry of Agriculture & Food Security (LRCD, DAES, DARS; Dept Animal
Husbandry & Livestock Health (DAHLH); Bunda College, Chancellor College;
Mzuzu University; NGOs: Total Land Care, Concern WW, Concern Universal, CRS,
CBOs (Mapanga CBO); NASFAM (National Association of Small Scale Farmers in
Malawi);
2. Mozambique: IIAM, Extension, Ministry of Agriculture & Economic Activities,
Eduardo Mondlane.
3. Zambia: Ministry of Agriculture, University of Zambia, CFU,
4. Zimbabwe: Ministry of Agriculture & Extension Services, DR&SS, Department of
Forestry, Care International, CIMMYT, World Vision International, Adventist
Development & Relief Agency (ADRA), SEEDCO River of Life; Southern Alliance
for Indigenous Resources, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe, Harare.
5. Regional/International
Katholieke Universiteit, University of California, Michigan State University, USA;
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK; Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, UK; Stellenbosch University, University of Pretoria, South Africa; University
College of Dublin (UCD);
Mapping of Partnership Model, AFSP, Malawi
DAES
MZUNI
DARSFD
NASFAMCWW
DAHLD
UNIMA
ICRAF
LRCDSSLPP
Land ‘o’ Lakes
OSED
SHA
FAIR
COOPI
Irish Aid
MDFA, CREMPA SHMPA
Livingstoniasynod DP
CU
IDEAA
FUM
CRS
CADECOM
DCP
ICRISAT
National Networks: Distribution of Partners in AFSP sites
within Districts and EPAs
Potential
scaling up
EPAs
PARTNERS
•DARS
•DAES
•LRCD
•FD
•DAHL
•NASFAM
•UNIMA
•MZUNI
•NGOS
•CBOS
Human Resources
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
Scientific
Non Scientific
The ICRAF SA regional programme operates in five countries--Malawi,
Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The core staff for the SA region are based in Lilongwe.
There are a total of 20 scientific to 10 non-scientific F/T staff.
Strategic Priority 1:
Livelihood strategy
Strategic Priority 2:
Environment strategy
Food and Nutrition
Security
Poverty
Reduction &
wealth creation
Climate change
Mitigation &
adaptation
•Fertiliser tree system
•Fodder system
•Tree crop system
•Woodlot system
•Smallholder timber system
•Economic & policy shocks
•Water management
•Carbon trading
•Bio-fuels R&D
•Integrated Pest Mgt
•Biodiversity conservation
•Ecosystem rehabilitation
•Natural resources
management (NRM)
Global Research Priorities (GRP)/ CRPs
Mitigating
Natural Resource
degradation
1. Supporting and improving
existing farming systems
2. Diversifying farm
enterprises mix
3. Boosting resilience to
shocks/risks/change4. Managing Biodiversity
•Diversifying options
•Tree products
•Enterprise development
•Economics of prodn
•Linking farmers to mkts
Fu
nd
am
en
tal
Ob
jec
tive
s
Str
ate
gic
Ob
jec
tive
sICRAF-SA Goal:
Generate agroforestry knowledge
and foster its use and impact on
livelihoods of smallholder farmers and
the environment
Institutions
Tree Genetic
Resources
& Domestication
Multifunctional
landscapes
Farm Scale
Diversification &
Intensification
Tree products &
Markets
Climate change
Mitigation &
adaptation
Rehabilitation
of degraded
lands
MDG 1 MDG 7
Positioning
Diagnostic &
Design
Best bet
technologies
?
1st
Generation
(Biophysical
suitability)
2nd
Generation
(On farm types
2&3;adoption
issues)
Pilot scaling up
•Extension
•Capacity
•Policy &
institutions
•Germplasm
•Partnership
•Massive
scaling up
Fertilizer
trees•Evergreen
Agriculture
Groan zone
Fertilizer tree evolution in SA
1987-90 1989-90 1990-95 1996-2000s 2001-20052007-date
Meta
decision
1. Knowledge
Key publications in the region include:
Soil C-sequestration;
Drought mitigation by Fertilizer trees
Trees with biopesticide properties used by farmers assessed;
Fertilizer trees synthesis,
Evergreen Agriculture,
Homegardens biodiversity,
mango meta-analysis;
Seed supply chain;
Farming insects;
Nursery research on irrigation
>25 publications: collective intelligence, synergies.
2.Models and Strategies1. Developed methodology for C-estimation in Faidherbia (Allometric
methods);
2. Developed and apply rain shelter method of quantifying effect of
drought on crops;
3. Modelled long-term climatic changes in fetilizer trees systems:
Results: farmers suffer nearly equally from drought and flooding.
4. Testing CATS Banks Model for germplasm supply;
5. Methodology developed for designing PES projects: what mechanism to use
to allocate contracts, who to pay and how much?
Results: higher compliance and tree survival under the auction bid
mechanism.
Drought Experiment
3. Quality Germplasm
COMMUNITY AGROFORESTRY TREE
SEED BANKS (CATS-BANKS)
AGROFORESTRY SEED FINANCING FACILITY (AFSF)
FARMERS
AGRI-INPUT DEALERS
Fin
an
ce
Seed loans
Seed supply
See
d p
urc
has
e
Tra
inin
g
Seed voucher
Seed purchase
Sta
rter
seed
lo
an
Rep
ay s
eed
lo
an
“se
ed
in
tere
st”
vou
ch
ers
fo
r se
ed
su
pp
lySeed voucher
Reimbursement for „CATS seed vouchers
Reim
bu
rsem
en
t fo
r se
ed
co
up
on
s
4. Capacity
Training approaches
1: Extension front-line staff
2: Grass-root organizations (Producer Associations, NGOs & CBOs)
3. Farmer groups/clubs
4. Lead farmers
Scaling up
33,723 farmers trained through partners
18 tons of tree germplasm distributed through partners
Capacity
1 Female Postdoc;
4 PhD Students trained (3 Female)
Outcome and Impact Progress
1. Adoption of agroforestry by small-holder farmers increased;
2. The ASWAp has formally mainstreamed Fertilizer Trees technologies in
the input subsidies in Malawi. A change of attitude!
3. Increased demand in tree seed prices hikes and is linked increased
promotion/support for agroforestry in the region;
4. Increased interests increased on the use of agroforestry knowledge for
climate adaptation strategies;
5. Policy affecting agroforestry reviewed by stakeholders: Policy options
identified.
New Opportunities & Challenges1. New opportunities
Evergreen Agriculture: attractive to donors
COMESA Climate change initiative
2. Grants, Ideas, Partners,
World Bank is interested in funding a joint project on C-markets;
IFAD proposal
Irish Aid next phase
SLM: GEF/UNDP
3. Constraints emerging
Funding is a constraint in the region, especially in 2011, as key projects
are at transition phase (Malawi, Zimbabwe). Process of moving to a
second phase may create delays.
Projects 2010-date
AFSP-food security
EA-Evergreen pilot project
CAT Bank—Community Agroforestry Tree Seeds
NASFAM/AGRA Project
EA (EA/SA)—joint with EA
DFID—PRP II
EU—research project on biopesticide
Looking Ahead
R4D on Fertilizer trees and Evergreen Agriculture
will continue to be important in the region;
Increasing global interest in Climate Change seems
to be raising the profile of agroforestry in the region;
There is increasing prospects of bilateral funding
opportunities in the region;
High prospects for engaging with CRPs 1& 6.