southern hybridization
TRANSCRIPT
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Anushi JainRoll No : 12
Paper 3MSc-I
SOUTHERN HYBRIDIZATIO
N
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Contents Blotting Types of blotting Southern blotting Principle Apparatus Steps involved in southern blotting A schematic view of southern blotting Application Advantages and Disadvantages
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Blotting• A blot, in molecular biology and genetics, is a method
of transferring proteins, DNA or RNA, onto a carrier.
• The term "blotting" refers to the transfer of biological samples from a gel to a membrane and their subsequent detection on the surface of the
membrane.
• Technique for transferring DNA ,RNA and Proteins onto a carrier so they can be separated, and often
follows the use of a gel electrophoresis.
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Types Of BlottingSouthern blotting
Northernblotting
Westernblotting
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Southern Blotting• A Southern blot is a method used
in molecular biology for DNA analysis.
•The method is named after its inventor, the British biologist Edwin Mellor Southern,In 1975.
•This method is also known as DNA blotting/Southern hybridization.
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PRINCIPLE The key to this method is hybridization.
Hybridization: It is the process of forming a double-
stranded DNA molecule between a single-stranded
DNA probe and a single-stranded target DNA.
There are 2 important features of hybridization:
• The reactions are specific-the probes will only bind to targets with a complementary sequence.
• The probe can find one molecule of target in a mixture of millions of related but non-complementary molecules.
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APPARATUS
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Steps Involved In Southern Blotting
1. Extract and purify DNA from cells;
2. DNA is restricted with enzymes;
3. Separated by electrophoresis;
4. Denature DNA;
5. Transfer to nitrocellulose paper;
6. Add labelled probe for hybridization to take place;
7. Wash off unbound probe;
8. Autoradiograph.
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1. Extract and purify DNA from cells;
2. DNA is restricted with enzymes;
3. Separated by electrophoresis;
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4. Denature DNA;5. Transfer to nitrocellulose paper;
6. Add labeled probe for hybridization to take place;7. Wash off unbound probe;8. Autoradiograph.
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DNA Fragments seen after autoradiography
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A Schematic View Of Southern Blotting
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Applications• To identify specific DNA in a DNA sample.• To Isolate desired DNA for construction of rDNA.• Identify mutations, deletions, and gene
rearrangements.• Used in prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases.• In RFLP.• In DNA fingerprinting:
Paternity and Maternity Testing Criminal Identification and Forensics
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Advantages• Effective way to detect a specific DNA sequence in a
large, complex sample of DNA.• Can be used to quantify the amount of the present DNA.• Cheaper than DNA sequencing.
Disadvantages• Complex and labor-intensive.
• Time consuming.
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