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CONTENTCONTENT

NATURAL GAS AND ITS CONSTITUENTS.NATURAL GAS AND ITS CONSTITUENTS.

NGLNGL--A BRIEF DESCRIPTION.A BRIEF DESCRIPTION.

GAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SUBGAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SUBDIVISION.DIVISION.

DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES TO SEPARATE NGLDIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES TO SEPARATE NGLFROM NATURAL GAS.FROM NATURAL GAS.

MODERN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TECHNOLOGY.MODERN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TECHNOLOGY.

DIFFERENT GAS PROCESSING PLANTS AROUNDDIFFERENT GAS PROCESSING PLANTS AROUND

THE WORLD.THE WORLD.

CONCLUSION.CONCLUSION.

REFFERENCES.REFFERENCES.

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NATURAL GAS AND ITS COMPONENTSNATURAL GAS AND ITS COMPONENTS

Raw natural gas comes from three types of wells: oil wells, gas wells, and condensate wells.Raw natural gas comes from three types of wells: oil wells, gas wells, and condensate wells.

Natural gas that comes from oil wells is typically termedNatural gas that comes from oil wells is typically termed 'associated gas'associated gas'.'.

Natural gas from gas and condensate wells, in which there is little or no crude oil, is termed'no associated gas'.

Raw natural gas typically consists primarily ofmethane (CH4), the shortest and lightesthydrocarbon molecule. It also contains varying amounts of:

Heavier gaseous hydrocarbons: ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), normal butane (n-C4H10),isobutene (i-C4H10), pentanes and even higher molecular weighthydrocarbons. Whenprocessed and purified into finished by-products, all of these are collectively referred to

NGL (Natural Gas Liquids).

Other gases: nitrogen (N2) and helium (He).

Water: water vapor and liquid water.

Liquid hydrocarbons: perhaps some natural gas condensate (also referred to as casing headgasoline or natural gasoline) and/or crude oil.

Mercury: very small amounts of mercury primarily in elemental form, but chlorides and otherspecies are possibly present.

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NATURAL GAS LIQUID(NGL)NATURAL GAS LIQUID(NGL)

NGLs are sold separately and have a variety of different uses:NGLs are sold separately and have a variety of different uses:

including enhancing oil recovery in oil wells,including enhancing oil recovery in oil wells, providing raw materials for oil refineries or petrochemicalproviding raw materials for oil refineries or petrochemical

plants.plants.

as sources of energy.as sources of energy.

NGLS are recovered from most natural gases when propaneNGLS are recovered from most natural gases when propane&heavier content of the raw gas contains 0.6 U.S gallon&heavier content of the raw gas contains 0.6 U.S gallon/1000SCF or if propane content is 1.3 mole %greater for plants/1000SCF or if propane content is 1.3 mole %greater for plants

up to 200MSCFD.up to 200MSCFD.

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NGL RECOVERYNGL RECOVERYprocessesprocesses

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Ethane recovery processEthane recovery process

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MODERN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TECHNOLOGYMODERN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TECHNOLOGY

MEMBRANE PROCESSMEMBRANE PROCESS

Recovers NGLs from associated and natural gas at the wellhead.Recovers NGLs from associated and natural gas at the wellhead.

Removes heavy hydrocarbons and water vapor, which reduces hydrocarbonRemoves heavy hydrocarbons and water vapor, which reduces hydrocarbonand water dewpoint in the pipeline gas.and water dewpoint in the pipeline gas.

Permits unattended operation at remote locations Overcomes space andPermits unattended operation at remote locations Overcomes space andweight limitations on offweight limitations on off--shore platforms.shore platforms.

Simplifies operation with few or no moving parts.Simplifies operation with few or no moving parts.

Operates at ambient temperature.Operates at ambient temperature.

Minimizes installation cost due to skidMinimizes installation cost due to skid--mounted construction.mounted construction.

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Gas processing is an instrumental piece of the natural gas valueGas processing is an instrumental piece of the natural gas value

chain. It is instrumental in ensuring that the natural gas intendedchain. It is instrumental in ensuring that the natural gas intendedfor use is as clean and pure as possible, making it the clean burningfor use is as clean and pure as possible, making it the clean burningand environmentally sound energy choice. Once the natural gas hasand environmentally sound energy choice. Once the natural gas hasbeen fully processed, and is ready to be consumed, it must bebeen fully processed, and is ready to be consumed, it must betransported from those areas that produce natural gas, to thosetransported from those areas that produce natural gas, to thoseareas that require it.areas that require it.

According toAccording to OGJOGJ, India had 38 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven, India had 38 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of provennatural gas reserves as of January 2007. The bulk of Indias naturalnatural gas reserves as of January 2007. The bulk of Indias naturalgas production comes from the western offshore regions, especiallygas production comes from the western offshore regions, especiallythe Mumbai High complex. The onshore fields in Assam, Andhrathe Mumbai High complex. The onshore fields in Assam, AndhraPradesh, and Gujarat states are also major producers of natural gas.Pradesh, and Gujarat states are also major producers of natural gas.

According to EIA data, India produced 996 billion cubic feet (Bcf) ofAccording to EIA data, India produced 996 billion cubic feet (Bcf) ofnatural gas in 2004.natural gas in 2004.

This asset should be utilized for the development of petrochemicalThis asset should be utilized for the development of petrochemicalindustry as well as making a alternative fuel substitute rather thanindustry as well as making a alternative fuel substitute rather thancrude oil & coal.crude oil & coal.

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WWW.AET.COMWWW.AET.COM

WWW.EMERSONPROCESS.COMWWW.EMERSONPROCESS.COM

WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORGWWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG

WWW.NATURALGAS.ORGWWW.NATURALGAS.ORG

WWW.MTRINC.COMWWW.MTRINC.COM

NATURAL GAS PROCESSING PRINCIPLES & TECHNOLOGY BYNATURAL GAS PROCESSING PRINCIPLES & TECHNOLOGY BY --

DR A.H YOUNGER.DR A.H YOUNGER.