7/29/2019 Soviet Aircraft Engines

1/2

-8& FL IGHT J A N U A RY 23RD, 1947Soviet Aircraft EnginesDetails of Representative Operational Types .

THE Soviet aircraft and aero-engine industry wasborn during the bleak post-revolut ionary years .Heavy indus t ry had priori ty , for wi thou t it t herecould be no question of aircraft , and still less of engineproduct ion . In order not to lag unduly behind othercountries, production rights for foreign engines were ac-quired. The shortcomings of these were s tudied, thussaving "m a n y efforts and d i s i l lu s ionment s" and, w h a twas more important , much t ime, which was used fortraining specialists. So far as isknown large-scale production of aero-engines in Russia s tarted about 15years ago, says Lt. Windholc.At this point in his story the Polishwri ter asserts that the Polish aircraftindustry is likewise being built fromthe foundations and t h a t '' the his-tory of the Soviet engiae industrygives an example from which muchcan be l ea rned . "In more factual vein, he goes on torecord that during" the war the SovietAir Force used eighteen different en-gines which were variants of sevenbasic types5-cylinder, 9-cylinder and14-cylinder radials and 12-cylinder Vees. All except onethe M40F Dieselare four-stroke petrol engines.For training aircraft the Mil series of 5-cylinder radialsis s tandard. In the next category are the 9-cylinder.M62and M63t ypes , as well as the older M25, which is notincluded in the accompany ing t ab le . It may be remem-bered that the M25 was a Soviet version of the AmericanWright Cyclone 9, and t h a t it served as a pro to type forth e M62and M63." C o m p a r i n g the technical features of the Soviet andAmerican Cyclone engines ," s tates tKe au thor , " we arebound to notice the smal ler output of the l a t t e r . " Hereit may bementioned that though he mayhave been bound

L ITT LE information of any value con-cerning Russian aircraft and powerplants hasbecome available since thewa r and it hasbeen considered worth-while to translate an article onSovietaero-engines, by Lt. Alfred Windholc,appearing in the Polish journal" Sk.rzydlata Polska.'' Thegist of thisarticle, which is based on a previousaccount entitled " The U.S.SR.Enginesin Combat" by the Soviet engineerKarmarin, isparaphrased herewith.

to note th is , it is not subs tan t i a t ed by published figure:for the American Wrights , which del iver up to 1,350 h.p.fo r take-off.The mach in ing of p a r t s , as well as the overall finish ofthe Soviet engines , is s t a t ed as showing the highstandard of 'Soviet engineering and, as an example , the" extraordinari ly clean cas t ing and theclose andhigh cool-ing fins of thecyl inder heads " is ment ioned . TheRussianCyclone developments are extensively used in the PS-84an d Li-2 t ranspor t mach ines , bo th ofwhich are var i an t s of the DouglasD C - 3 .I n the th i rd group of engines(volume 38.65 li tres) are the 14-cyl inder M 8 8 B and M89, which werepreceded by the M85, M86 and M87series. The M89 has recent ly been

a d a p t e d for fuel injection. Larg equant i t ies of M 8 8 B S were produced forins tal lat ion in the twin-engined IL-4(DB-3F) bomber, in the Su-2 recon-naissance machine and in certainfighters. The M89 has l ikewise beenappl ied to fighters.Ano ther type of 14-cylinder air-cooled engin e the M82of 41-2 l i t res capaci tyis a var i an to f the 'Amer ican Wrigh t Doub le-Row Cyclone , but ischaracterized by a shorter s t roke (155 mm aga ins t 160.3m m ) . Thecompression ratio hasbeen raised from 1: 6.85to 1:7 and the overall dimensions are smal ler .Direct fuel injection isused on theM82F N W and the car-buret tor engines of the M82 family are bui l t in four basictypestheM82- in , M82-112 , M82 1121andM82-212. Thesevariants differ in reduct ion gear rat io and in the methodof starting. In the sub-designat ions , the significance ofthe first figure is: 1 =11:19gear rat io ; 2= 9 :16 gear rat io . Thesecondfigure (1) indicates a compress ion rat io of 1:7, and the

Type

M U GM I I FM 62 . .M 62 JRM 62 RM 63M 8 8 BM 8 9M 8 2 I I I . 112 I l 2 i ,212-3 ... ..M82 FNWMI05-R, -P. -PA ,.MI05 PFM I 0 5 P D ..

AM35AAM38AM38FM40F

N o . anddisposit ionof cyts5, radial ...5, radial9, radial .9, radial ...9, radial9, radial14), two-row radial14 , two-row radial14 , two-row radial14 , two-row radial12 , Vee 60deg ..1 2, Vee,60deg ..1 2, Vee,60deg ...12 , Vee,60deg ...12 , Vee.60deg ...12 , Vee, 6 0 d e g ...12 . Vee,6 0 d e g . . .12 , Vee

Cooling

cc

Qq

Bore(mm)125.0125.0155.5155.5155.5155.5146.0Mu.O

155.5155.5148.0148.0148.0148.0160.0160.0160.0180.0

Stroke(mm)140.0140.0174.5174.5174.5174.5I6S.0+65.0

155.0155.0170.0I7S.0170.0170.0175.0170.0175.0190.0190.0190.0196.7200 .0209 .0

Capacity(litres)8.68.6

29 .829 .829 .829 .838.6538.65

41.241.235.035 .035 .035.046.746.7

62.34

C o m -pressionr a t i o5.05.06.46.46.47.26.16.17.07.07.17.17.17.17. 06.86.8

13.5

O u t p u t(h.p.)110140

1,0001.0001,0001 , OC

1,1001.300

1.7001,8501.1001,2101,1001.6001,3501,6001.7001.500

TAKE-OFF RATING1 FuelR.P.M. Boost : consumptionlatin) (gh.p. hr)

1,6601,7402.2002,2002 ,2002 ,3002 ,3002 ,400

1,4002 ,5002 ,5002 ,600

2,0502 ,1502 .3501 950

1.431.431.431.451.291.5

1.551.601.291.43

1 691.751.851.70

_29 535 029 53 SO2 9 5

2 9 03 2 03 2 03 - 4 03 2 03 2 5 |

33 0205ns

O u t p u t

ICO1458S 0600840050 *

I.C00

i

900,100,000.240 -n,140,540,330, !00,050,200,050t,00,500,200

1,5501,5501,250

R . P . M

1,590I.E82 , i 0 02 , 1 0 02 , 1 0 02,200 2 , 3 7 ! | |

1.2,400

2 . 4 0 02 , 4 0 02 , 7 0 02 , 7 0 0

/ , O 5 02 , 1 5 02 . 1 5 01 . 9 5 0

"

7/29/2019 Soviet Aircraft Engines

2/2

JANUARY 23RD, 1947 FL IGHTmeaning of the final symbols is : 1 = inert ia s tart ing ;2 = compressed air s t a r t i n g ; i = single-stage booster. Then a t u r e of a " s i n g l e - s t ag e b o o s t e r " is not made c lear .Engines of the M82 series are fitted as s tandard in theLa-5 fighter, regarded during the war as the Russian coun-t e rp a r t of the F W1 9 0 , in the Pe-8four-engined bomber, andin Tu-2 high-speed twin-engined bomber.

The light and manoeuvrable Yak-i has the M-105 liquid-cooled-Vee engine.Smallest of the liquid-cooled units, the M107, power

p l a n t of the Yak-11 fighter, has been developed from theearl ier Mioo, M103 arid MiO5, all based on the F ren chHispano-Suiza 12Y. It differs from its predecessors inhaving reinforced cyl inder walls and, unlike the M105,which has th ree valves , it has one inlet , two exhaust aj idone scavenging valve.

OIL COOLER RADIATORAnother fighter and ground-attack machine with the M-105is theLagg-3.The AM35A and AM38 engines belong to a larger classa n d are descended from the old M17 and M34, but theseare great ly exceeded in capaci ty by the M40F diesel of

62.34 l i tres . "Pa r t i cu lar ly worth not ing ," says the Polishart icle, '' is the applicat ion to the M40F engine of two dualturbo-comp ressors (2,700 r.p.m .) with two ex h au s t tur-bines at each side of the en g i n e . " It is of interest tol earn that th i s big diesel has been applied to the Pe-8 andTB-7 four-engined long-range bombers.The ar t i c le makes no reference to the Russ ian s tudy ofGerman engines , though it is bel ieved that they have beenpar t icu lar ly in teres ted in the highly promising 2,000-h.p.J u m o 213J, with four valves per cylinder and a three-stagesupercharger, with water /methanol injection before theth i rd s tage.German turbo- je t s and l iquid-rocket uni ts have also beenstudied closely, and it is known that original research isbeing conducted on gas turbine units , some of which arereputed to have been instal led in aircraft displayed at theSoviet Air Force Fest ival last year.

With vulnerable parts of the AM 38engine heavily armoured,the IL-2Stormovik is an effective attack machine.Par t i cu lars of new Soviet aircraft have been scarcer thanthose of engines. Of the newer known types , the Tu-2m ed i u m b o m b er is of the greate st interest . TwinM82 F N W engines g ive th i s type a speed approaching350 m.p .h . , and the bomb load is over 4,000 lb. This

machine is probably supplement ing and superseding theDD-3F, or IL-4, which was the mains tay of the Sovietmedium-bomber force throughout the war. Only smallquant i t i es of TB-7 a n d Pe-8 four-engined, long-rangebomb ers have been produce d. These types are much in-ferior in performance and carry ing capaci ty to comparableBri t ish and American bombers.

L RATING

m)

2aa4

14

H e i g h t(ft)S.I.S.I.

5,00013,7504,9005,00013,7505,90014,76013,10019.650B MME* 450* ] 6 5 0

29a

.2443.41

M

6,70017,7005,40015,2506,55013,1002,6008,8506,50021,0005,50014,76019,6506,5506,550

19,650

Fuelconsumption(g/h.p./hr)

255272/295300/320280/300272/295300/320280/300295/315280/315300/315

300315285305285305200

Output(h.p.)90

140765720738765720960860990900

990945

1 1501,4101,410

S E R V I C E R A T I N GR.P.M.

1,5401,8002,0302,0302,0302.1002,300

_

2,600

2,0502,1502,150

Boost(atm)

_1.14_1.24

__1.24

1.351.551.55

H e i g h tfft)S.I.S. I._

4,000_

4,90013,75013,10019,650

_6,55013,100

22,9509,8009,800

Fu e lc o n s u m p t i o n(e /h .p . /h r )250253

260/280280/300200/280260/280280/300260,280280/300250/280265 295

__268288

_

270285270285270285

OctaneNo . offuel5959909290909294929290909495949594959495959595

W e i g h t( Ib )350350

1,1131,1881,2101,1331,585

1,9501,9851,2651,350

_1,6501,8401,8921,8922,645

Width(mm)1,0751,0751,3751,3751,3751,3751,2931,2931,2601,260

777777777777875875875

1,103

H e i g h t(mm)

960960960960

1.0801,0801,0801.250

Length(mm)

_

2.0302,0302,0302,0302,2902,2902,2902,200

Aircraft fitted

U-2, UT-I, UT-2Yak-61-153,1-16PS-84, Li-2PS-841-16,1-153IL-4 (DB-3F), Su-2Su-2La-5,Pe-8U- 5 , Tu-2Yak - l ,L a - 3 ,AR- 2 ,R - 2 ,Yak-4, Pe-2, Pe-3Yak-7B, Yak-9

Yak - I IPe-8, TB-7,Mig-I , -3IL-2IL-2Pe-8, TB-7