space assets and information superiority

Space Assets and

Information Superiority

By

Vice Admiral (Retd) Raman Puri, PVSM, AVSM,VSM

Emerging Domains of Warfare…

•• Principles of warPrinciples of war•• Strategy Strategy •• Technology of WarTechnology of War

Very Dynamic

Relatively Static

Relatively Static

R M AR M A

Network-Centric Warfare

Joint Engagement Capability

Additional Dimensions to War

in Space and Cyber Space*

?

System of Systems

Features of RMA (1)

• More intelligent and informationalisedWeaponry and equipment.

• Better streamlined Force structure and systems.

• Automation in command and control.

• Dimensional expansion from traditional three dimensions to present five dimensions. (Land, Sea, Air, Space and Electromagnetism).

• System orientation to operational patterns.

Features of RMA (2)

• More intelligent and informationalisedWeaponry and equipment.

• Better streamlined Force structure and systems.

• Automation in command and control.

• Dimensional expansion from traditional three dimensions to present five dimensions. (Land, Sea, Air, Space and Electromagnetism).

• System orientation to operational patterns.

“ Earth space, like Eastern Europe in Makinder’s design, is

most critical area of astropolitics. Control of earth

space not only guarantees control of outer reaches of

space but provides advantage on terrestrial battlefield”.

…….Everett C Dolman

Views of Chinese Experts:-- Space is thought to be the next “strategic vantage point” from which the control of air, land, and sea will be determined.

- For countries that can never win a war with the United States by using the method of tanks and planes, attacking US space system may be an irresistible and most tempting choice.

Space AssetsExisting

Technology&

Military Capability

Space Assets (1)

• Surveillance Satellites– Photographic Reconnaissance

Satellites– Electronic Reconnaissance Satellites– Imagery Satellites

• Ocean Surveillance and Oceanographic Satellites

• Navigation Satellites• Geodetic Satellites• Nano satellites

Space Assets (2)

• Surveillance Satellites– Photographic Reconnaissance Satellites

– Electronic Reconnaissance Satellites

– Imagery Satellites

• Ocean Surveillance and Oceanographic Satellites

• Navigation Satellites

• Geodetic Satellites

• Nano satellites

INDIAN SATELLITE PROFILE (2005-15)

EARTHOBSERVATION

LAND & WATER

CARTOGRAPHIC

OCEAN & ATMOSPERE

RISAT CARTOSAT OCEANSAT RESOURCESATTES

SAT COM & NAVIGATION

COMMUNICATION

POSITION NAVIGSNTIMMING

WEATHERFORIN ECAST

INSAT elyGSATEDUSAT IRNSS

SPACE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENT

PLANET EXPLORATION

ASTRO-NASTRO-P

SPACE, CLIMATE /WEATHER

CHANDRAYAN ASTROSAT ADITYA

The goal of information Superiority should be to enable the development of new concept ensure operational dominance of the AOCO. This would be accomplished by blending three broad areas of operational capabilities – AOCO awareness , effective force employment , both serviced by an integrated C4ISR grid – into an overall federated system to achieve operational objectives.

Goal Functional Capabilities Key Technologies

Provide sufficient timely high quality surveillance, reporting, target designation and assessment information on enemy, friendly, units, events, activities, status, capabilities, plans/ intentions To ensure that service/joint commanders have dominant AO area of Combat Ops knowledge.

Intelligent distributed MC

Theater intelligence processing and broadcast C4ISR system management

Rapid accurate automated targeting

Large database engineering Manipulation,Search, and retrieval

Test understanding

Space assets

Situation projection Mission rehearsal and embedded training

Small Volume/ Weight, very high speed capacity processors and storage devices, application software that can be embedded with sensors/ platforms

Software applications for automated selection and following of coverage areas/ targets

Software applications for use with multiple data sources (including reference/databases) to enhance target detection, Tracking, and designation (e.g., detecting changes)

Moving target indicators (MTI) and synthetic aperture radar

Table 1 . Goals, Limitations & Technologies – Information Superiority


Near simultaneous multi spectral coverage

Passive / multi static MTI/ SAR

Small volume/ weight,

Multi spectral rapidly

Deployable smart surface sensors

Direct integration of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with sensor outputs where appropriate

Transfer /translation application and storage devices/communications for near-real-time tactical aircraft sensors.


Goal Functional Capabilities Key TechnologiesMaintain the ability of the on scene commander to exploit and shape the AOCO by dynamically directing and integrating (in accordance with operation, battle, and mission priorities) both tactical and supporting ISR resources for targeting,

weapon employment mission preview, BDA and combat assessment

Situation projection

Mission rehearsal and embedded trainingCommand projection

Shared, distributed collaboration planning

Rapid, accurate battle damage assessment

Rapid accurate automated

targeting

IW and spectrum dominance planning and monitoring

Space assets

Object-oriented, distributed, automated, and dynamic planning, scheduling, and target handoff

Embedded, fault-tolerant, distributed modeling and simulation (M&S) for Mission preview, rehearsal and training

M&S for spectrum dominance planning

M&S for IW surveillance and planning

Joint multisensor fusion,

information Fusion, and sensor cross-cueing



Integrated cross-sensor tracking with unique target ID and real –time updates

Automated target and infrastructure identification, recognition, Behaviour and change detection and BDA

Distrusted, collaborative virtual planning in real time

Rapid M&S for sensor coverage analysis

Joint multisensor fusion, information



Elevate the level of our cognitive understanding of the enemy, friendly, and geospatial situation; maintain Consistency in that view across tactical and supporting forces.

Intelligence processing and broadcast; fussed near-real-time (NRT) signals intelligence (SIGNT) And imagery, increased/ fused sensor data in NRT)

Intelligent, distributed MC&G

Collaborative situation assessment and BDA

Collection and distribution of weather and environmental conditions

common understanding and presentation of the AOCO

Joint multi sensor fusion, information fusion, and sensor cross-cueing

Mass storage of information

Intelligent products to support decision making

Common integrated situation display With selectable details and resolution

High rate broadcast

Automated target and infrastructure identification, recognition, behavior and change detection and BDA

Auto data validation and data validity tags.



Situation Projectiong

Repair and consumables management

Theater intelligence processing and broadcast

Rapid, accurate automated targeting

Synthesis of complex data and information Large database engineering, manipulation, search, and retrieval

Space assets

Tailored search and retrieval of information

Intelligent agent for knowledge retrieval, filtering, sanitization, and deconfliction

Improved data and uncertainty visualisationmanagement

Real time M&S for assessment and friendly/ enemy course of action (COA) analysis

Automated language, syntax and protocol translationMultilevel information security and information assurance

Distributed, synchronized, large database


Effective Employment of ForcesOperational Capability Element : Predictive Planning and Preemption


Planning process to (1) avoid direct confrontation (by employing alternatives);

(2) Be prepared to react and exploit opportunities when direct confrontation must occur; and

(3) Shape the expected actions to stay within the enemys decision cycle and keep him out of ours.

Intelligence processing and broadcast

Collection and distribution of weather and environmental conditions common understanding and representation of the AOCOSituation Projecting

repair and consumables management

Shared distributed collaborative planning

Realistic C4ISRModeling and simulation

Space assets

Object-oriented, distributed automated, dynamic planning and scheduling.

Embedded, fault-tolerant, distributed M&S for mission preview, rehearsal, and training

M&S for IW surveillance and planning

Automated target and infrastructure identification, recognition, behavior, and change detection and BDA

Real time M&S for assessment And friendly/enemy COA analysis

Effective Employment of ForcesOperational Capability Element : Predictive Planning and Preemption


Continuous sliding collaborative planning across AOCO

Just-in-time mission package construction and deliveryAutomated nodal analysis and weapon availability automated target /weapon pairing and update

Easily deployable, evocable, scaleable, plug-and-play architecture

Cross functional virtual

teams


Achieve dynamic integration force operations by collaborative execution monitoring, repair, and retaking of shared assets across echelons, Missions and components, (control of “coherent” joint/ simultaneous operations to optimized dynamic use of resources without preempting “intuitive”use).


Mission rehearsal and embedded training

Command Projection

Support for simultaneous, coordinated operation


Shared, distributed collaborative planning

C4ISR system management

Force status and execution management

Rapid accurate automated targeting

IW and spectrum dominance planning and monitoring

Space assets

Embedded, fault –tolerant, distributed M&S for mission preview, rehearsal and training

M&S for spectrum dominance planning

M&S for IWsurveillance and planning

Real time M&S for assessment and friendly/enemy COA analysis

Automated nodal analysis and weapon availability

Distributed, collaborative, virtual situation awareness

Dynamic shared war plan that deals with uncertainty

Dynamic allocation of shared resources in real time

Decision support to assess and replan consumables

Operational Capability Element :Integrated Force Management

Effective Employment of ForcesGoal Functional Capabilities Key Technologies

Provide a real-time fused AOCO picture with integrated decision aid tools that ensures coordinated dynamic planning and execution of a broad missions from time-phased attack of fixed targets to reconnaissance of combat areas and prosecution of time critical targets

Provide processing and linkages that enable rapid target search and Acquisition, battle coordination and target selection, handoff, and engagement for prosecution of time critical targets.


Collaborative situation assessment and BDA


Shared, distributed Collaborative planning

Rapid, accurate battle damage assessment

C4ISR system management

Force status and execution management

Paralleldissemination of intelligence/ BDA

Rapid, accurate automated targeting Automated targeting

Automated mission and weapon to target pairing

Space assets

Automated nodal analysis and weapon availability

Wideband communication and interconnectivity

Real time, congnitionaiding displays

Automated planning /decision support tools

Data interoperability/ synchronization

Automated IPB processFusion and intergratedtarget tracking automatic target recognition

Advanced, adaptive, multilevel security

ISR management and integration tools

THANK YOU

RESOLUTION REQUIREMENTS IN METERS CARRYING OUT SURVEILLANCE9

Target Detectiona General Identificationb

Precise Identificationc

Bridge 6 4 1.5Airfield facilities 6 4 3Rockets and artillery 1 0.5 0.2Command and Control Headquarters

3 1.5 1.0

Missile Sites 3 1 1.0Nuclear Weapon components

2.5 1.5 0.3

Ports and harbours 30 15 6Surface submarines 20 5 1.5

NASA’s NEW NANOSATELLITE(Auto Extravehicular Robotic Camera)

Army AF

Navy CG

Army AF

Navy CG

IDS

1 2

De-conflict Services

3 4Army

Navy

IDS

AF

CGIntegrate

Coordinate & Stitch Seams

JointInter AgencyInter Services

Joint & Coherent

Transformation Process

Only Act of Parliament / political leadership can break logjam

space assets and information superiority

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