Space-based Constraints on Global SO2 Emissions and Timely Updates for NOx Inventories

Randall Martin, Dalhousie and Harvard-Smithsonian

Chulkyu Lee, Dalhousie National Institute of Meteorological Research, Korea

Lok Lamsal, Aaron van Donkelaar, Akhila Padmanabhan, Dalhousie University

Thomas Walker, Dalhousie University University of Toronto

Russell Dickerson, Jennifer Hains, Konstantine Vinnikov, U. Maryland

Nickolay Krotkov, NASA

Andreas Richter, University of Bremen

Accurate Emission Inventories Needed for Climate and AQ Accurate Emission Inventories Needed for Climate and AQ E.g. What is the role of SOE.g. What is the role of SO2 2 Emissions in Aerosol PollutionEmissions in Aerosol Pollution

van Donkelaar et al., EHP, 2010

Global Climatology (2001-2006) of PM2.5 from MODIS & MISR AOD and GEOS-Chem AOD/PM2.5 Relationship

Evaluation for US/Canada

r=0.78 slope=1.02 n=1073

Evaluation with measurements outside Canada/US

Number sites Correlation Slope Bias (ug/m3)

Including Europe 297 0.75 0.89 0.52

Excluding Europe 107 0.76 0.96 -2.8

Poster 4611

Insight into Aerosol Source/Type with Precursor ObservationsInsight into Aerosol Source/Type with Precursor Observations

Lee et al., JGR, 2009

Operational OMI PBL SO2 data corrected with local air mass factor improves agreement of OMI SO2 versus aircraft observations (INTEX-B)

Orig: slope = 1.6, r = 0.71 New: slope = 0.95, r = 0.92

OMI Improved SO2 Vertical Columns for 2006

Anthropogenic Sources Dominate Annual Mean SO2 ColumnVolcanic SO2 Emissions 10% of Anthropogenic Source

Total SO2 Column

Anthropogenic SO2 Column

Fraction from Anthropogenic

GEOS-Chem Simulations for 2006

Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Use OMI and SCIAMACHY SOUse OMI and SCIAMACHY SO22 Columns to Map SO Columns to Map SO22 Emissions Emissions

Combustion, Smelters, Volcanoes

Emission

SO2SO4

2-

~day

OH, cloud

Tropospheric SO2 column ~ ESO2 Over Land

Phytoplankton

DMSday

Deposition

2

2

( )

( )SO

tSO

OMIE

GEOS Chem

Top-Down Emissions

Evaluate GEOS-Chem SOEvaluate GEOS-Chem SO2 2 Lifetime vs Calculations Lifetime vs Calculations

from In Situ Measurementsfrom In Situ Measurements

U Maryland Research Flights for Eastern U.S.

2( ) 19 7JJA SO hours

Hains, Dickerson, et al., 2007

June - August

Mon JJAMon JJA

JJA Mon

C H

C H

C is SO2 from EPA Network H is GEOS Mixed Layer Depth

Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Global Anthropogenic Sulfur Emissions Over Land for 2006Global Anthropogenic Sulfur Emissions Over Land for 2006Volcanic SOVolcanic SO22 Columns (>1x10 Columns (>1x101717 molec cm molec cm-2-2) Excluded From Inversion) Excluded From Inversion

49.9 Tg S/yr

54.6 Tg S/yr

r = 0.77

SO2 Emissions (1011 molecules cm-2 s-1)Cloud Radiance Fraction < 0.2

Top-Down (OMI)

Bottom-Up in GEOS-Chem (EDGAR2000, NEI2005, EMEP2005, Streets2006) Scaled to 2006

Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Anthropogenic Emissions Differences (2006)Anthropogenic Emissions Differences (2006)

-2.2 Tg S/yr

-4.7 Tg S/yr

Cloud Radiance Fraction < 0.2, SZA < 50o Lee et al., JGR, in prep.

Timely Updates to Anthropogenic NOx Emission Timely Updates to Anthropogenic NOx Emission InventoriesInventories

Application of Satellite Observations for Timely Updates Application of Satellite Observations for Timely Updates to Emission Inventories to Emission Inventories

Use GEOS-Chem to Calculate Local Sensitivity of Use GEOS-Chem to Calculate Local Sensitivity of Changes in Trace Gas Column to Changes in EmissionsChanges in Trace Gas Column to Changes in Emissions

E

Walker et al., ACPD, 2010

Local sensitivity of column changes to emissions changes

Fractional Change

in Emissions

Fractional Change in

Trace Gas Column

Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep

Apply to regions where anthropogenic emissions dominate (>50%)

Evaluate Hindcast Inventory Versus Bottom-upEvaluate Hindcast Inventory Versus Bottom-upHindcast for 2003 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and Hindcast for 2003 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and

SCIAMACHY NOSCIAMACHY NO22 for 2003-2006 for 2003-2006

Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep

HindcastBottom-up

Poster 4206

Forecast Inventory for 2009 Based on Bottom-up for Forecast Inventory for 2009 Based on Bottom-up for 2006 and SCIAMACHY NO2006 and SCIAMACHY NO22 for 2006-2009 for 2006-2009

Lamsal et al., GRL, in prep

9% increase in global emissions

21% increase in Asian emissions

Poster 4206

ChallengesChallenges

- Better understanding of differences between OMI and SCIAMACHY SO2

- Reduce uncertainty in simulated SO2 lifetime

- Develop adjoint-based inversions

- Reconcile differences between top-down and bottom-up inventories

Encouraging Prospects to Apply Satellite SOEncouraging Prospects to Apply Satellite SO22 and NO and NO22

Observations to Constrain Anthropogenic Emissions Observations to Constrain Anthropogenic Emissions and Recent Changesand Recent Changes

Acknowledgements: Acknowledgements: Environment Canada, Health Canada, NASAEnvironment Canada, Health Canada, NASA