space-borne atmospheric ghg monitoring project in...
TRANSCRIPT
COP21 Japan Side Event“Global Carbon Monitoring – Towards
Modeling, Projection and Policy Decision”Japan Pavilion, Paris, France, 15:15-16:45, 4 December 2015
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Space-borne Atmospheric GHG Monitoring Project in Japan
Kei ShiomiJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JAXA’s Current and Future Satellite/Sensor Activities
GCOM-C
SHIZUKU(GCOM-W)
GPM/DPR
DAICHI (ALOS)
IBUKI (GOSAT)(2009)
(2014)
(2012)
(2014)
High Resolution Wide Swath (Optical)
(JFY2019 (TBD))
ALOS-2 SAR
(JFY2017)
Earth CARE/CPR
(JFY2016)
(JFY2005)
GOSAT-2(JFY2017)
Aqua/AMSR-E
TRMM/PR JERS-1
MOS
ADEOS-Ⅱ
(JFY1991)
(JFY2002)
(JFY1986)
(JFY1997)
(JFY2002)
PastOperationImplementation
Late 1990s 2000s 2003 (JAXA established)
ADEOS
TRMM/PR
GCOM-W
GPM/DPR
GCOM-CEarthCARE/
CPRADEOS-Ⅱ
Earth Observation
Global WarmingAqua/AMSR-E
Land Use
GOSAT
Disaster
Monitoring ALOS-2ALOS
Communications
COMETS DRTS WINDS
Technology
Development
ETS-Ⅵ ETS-Ⅶ ETS-ⅧOICETS
Positioning QZSS
JAXA satellite programs
Climate Change/Water
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Next Gene.(optical)
GOSAT-2
2009~ 2017~
GHG, Aerosol
Aerosol
2016~ 2017~
TANSO=Thermal And Near
infrared Sensor for carbon
Observation
GOSAT satellite and sensorsSize Main
body
3.7 m x 1.8 m x 2.0 m
（Wing Span 13.7m）
Mass Total 1750kg
Power Total 3.8 KW (EOL)
Life Time 5 years
Orbit sun synchronous orbit
Local time 13:00+/-0:15
Altitude 666km
Inclination 98deg
Repeat 3 days
Launch Vehicle H-IIA
Schedule Jan. 23 2009
TANSO-FTS
(Fourier Transform Spectrometer)
TANSO-CAI
(Cloud and Aerosol Imager)
Column-averaged dry-air mole
fractions of GHGs (XCO2, XCH4)
Cloud fraction,
Aerosol optical thickness4
How do we use GHG satellite data?
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Flux estimation
GHGs absorption spectra using sunlightColumn-averaged dry-air mole fractions of GHGs (XCO2, XCH4)
GHGs model calculation
Methane remote-sensing observation referred in AR5
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SCIAMACHY / Envisat(2003-2012)
TCCON (since 2004)
IASI / Metop(since 2006)
TES / Aura (since 2004)
TANSO / GOSAT (since 2009)
AIRS / Aqua (since 2002)
Massart et al, ACP, 2014.
Column-averaged CH4 with SWIR Mid/Upper-tropospheric CH4 with TIR
Column-averaged CH4 with SWIR by ground-based FTS
Sensitivity in altitude
TIR at 300hPa~9km
SWIR: at boundary
Challenge to optimize observation strategy
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Extending glint observation dithering
Mega-city target
Multi-angle
Island trace
GOSAT detected mega-city CO2 enhancement in Los Angels basin
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Desert
LA basin
3.2±1.5 ppm
LA basin - Desert
GOSAT XCO2 in April, 2010 April, 2010
LA basin
Desert
Kort et al., GRL, 2012
GOSAT observation uncertainty of XCO2 is currently ~ 2 ppm. The detected enhancement in the LA basin was 3.2 ppm, that was higher than the observation uncertainty.
10.5 km-diameter
GOSAT suggested underestimation of US CH4 emission inventory
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Extended operation phaseGrid observation ->Target observation Target observation
San Francisco
Los Angels
Chino - Livestock Field
near LABakers Field - Oil Field
near LATurner et al., ACP, 2015
GOSAT
US CH4 emission inventory by EPA is underestimated than GOSAT observation.
Four Corners – Power Plant
Ecosystem carbon exchange
10Frankenberg et al., GRL, 2011
Chlorophyll fluorescence from GOSAT
Chlorophyll fluorescence has a potential to place constrain on Gross Primary Production (GPP).
Gina Mohammed / P&M Technologies
@ESA FLEX
GOSAT-2: Successive greenhouse gas observation
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TANSO-FTS-2
TANSO-CAI-2
Upgrade in GOSAT-2 mission GOSAT achievement GOSAT target
Measurement precision 0.5 ppm for CO2 (monthly ave.)
5 ppb for CH4 (monthly ave.)
2ppm for CO2
12ppb for CH4
4 ppm for CO2
32 ppb for CH4
Flux estimation 1000km for land 2000km in sub-continental scale
Anthropogenic emission CO to distinguish emission source
Ecosystem carbon exchange Chlorophyll fluorescence to place constrains on GPP
Aerosol monitoring Aerosol size distribution and its property
Launch in early 2018 (JFY2017)
Anthropogenic emission source CO2 related to COAdding CO band to GOSAT-2
12Silva et al., GRL, 2013
GOSAT CO2 and MOPITT CO
CO2 and CO have a particular regional correlation affected by the anthropogenic activity.
Envisat (ESA)2003-2012CO2, CH4
GOSAT (Japan)2009-present
CO2, CH4
OCO-2 (NASA)2014-present
CO2
TanSat (China)2016-CO2
GOSAT-2 (Japan)2018-
CO2, CH4
MERLIN (CNES/DLR)
2019-CH4
MicroCarb (CNES)2019-CO2
CarbonSat (ESA)later than 2020
CO2, CH4
ASCENDS (NASA)later than 2020
CO2
Space-borne GHG monitoring with GOSAT partners
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Continuous GHG measurement from space will contribute to reveal global and regional carbon flux change.