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Space Environment Measurements by JAXA Satellites and ISS

Takahiro OBARASpace Environment Group

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

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Surface degradation

CCDs noises

Space Environment Effects

Solar cell degradation

Electronics degradation

ElectrostaticDischarge

Phantom commands

Single Event

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Space Environment EffectsEnvironment Effects

Vacuum Contamination

Neutral Aerodynamic dragAtomic oxygen attack

Plasma Spacecraft chargingElectrostatic DischargeReattraction of contamination

Radiation Particles Total Dose Effects 　 Solar Cell, ElectronicsSingle Event Effects Upset, Latch up......Internal Charging

Micrometeoroid/Orbital Debris

Hypervelocity Impacts

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宇宙環境監視衛星 (2010年1月現在)

ETS-Ⅶ

ISS（JEM)

Jason-2

GOSAT

ALOS

ADEOS-Ⅱ

ADEOS MDS-1

ETS-Ⅵ

ETS-Ⅴ

DRTS

ETS-Ⅷ

QZSS

運用中

運用中

運用中

運用中

運用中 運用中

静止軌道(高度36,000km)

静止トランスファー軌道(高度250~40,000km)

太陽同期準開帰軌道(高度600~900km)円軌道(高度600km以下)

運用予定

Ｓｐａｃｅ　Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ　Ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇ　

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Space environment measurementSatellite Name Launch Data （ Altitude ）

TypeETS-V 1987.8 （ 36000km ）

GEO ETS-VI 1994.8 （ 8000 ～ 38000km ）

GTO ADEOS 1996.8 （ 800km ）

LEOETS-VII 1997.11 （ 500km ）

LEOSTS-89 1998.1 （ 300km ）

LEOISS 2001 （ 400km ）

LEOMDS-1 2002.2 （ 250 ～ 36000km ）

GTODRTS 2002.9 （ 36000km ）＊

GEOADEOS-II 2002.12 （ 800km ）

LEO ALOS 2006.1 （ 700km ）＊

LEOETS-VIII 2006.12 （ 36000km ）＊

GEOJason-2 2008.6 （ 1336km ）＊

LEO GOSAT 2009.1 （ 700km ）＊

LEOJEM/SEDA-AP 2009.5 （ 400km ）＊

LEO QZS 2010.9 （ Quasi Zanies Orbit ）＊ QZO

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’87 ‘90 ‘93 ‘96 ‘99 ‘02 ‘05 ‘08 ‘11 ‘14 ‘17 ’20

Activity

GEO

Alt.36000

8000

LEO

1300

800

600

400

250ApplicationItems

MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN

ETS-5 ETS6

MDS1

DRTSETS-8

ERGADEOS

ADEOS ２GOSAT

Jason-2

QZS1

Space Environment MonitoringRadiation Belt Model

RB Science

Warning Information

ALOS

Radiation Measurements in JAXA

ISS/JEM/SEDA-AP

Jason-3

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Radiation Particle Measurementalong

GTO satellite

MDS-1 (2002.2-2003.8) 8

(Obara et al., 2005)9

MDS-1 (TSUBASA) Measurement

(Obara et al., 2005)

MDS-1 (TSUBASA) Measurement

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(Kasahara et al., 2008) 11

Seed Electron & plasma wave measurements

MDS-1 MeV electron vs. Akebono VLF

VLF waves

MeV electron

(Obara et al., 2005)12

plasma sheet

Seed electrons

plasmaspauseEnhanced convection

Intensification of Plasma Waves

Wavegrowth

2-step acceleration model

30 ～ 100 keV

(Obara et al., 2001)

Hot electrons～ keV

①

②

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Time evolution of ｆ(K)

ｆ0(K)

ｆ 3000(K)

(Omura et al., 2008)14

JAXADYNAMIC MODEL

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NASA AE8MODEL

New Model Development

MDS-1 Observation

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JAXADYNAMIC MODEL

Comparison with Obs. Data

Radiation Particle Measurementat

GEO satellites

DRTS (2002.9- ) ETS-V (1987.8-1997.9 ) 17

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Seasonal Variation of MeV Electrons at GEO

ETS-8 data (1988-1997)

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Seasonal Variation of MeV Electrons at GEO

ETS-V MeV electron flux vs. SW sector structure

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ＳＰＲＩＮＧ-> Toward

AUTUMN-> Away

rule

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03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

AWAY

TOWARD

AWAY

TOWARD

AWAY

TOWARD

AWAY AWAY

TOWARD

AWAY

TOWARD

AWAY

exception

exception

DRTS MeV Electron Flux vs. Solar Wind Sector Structure

exception

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ＳＰＲＩＮＧ-> Toward

AUTUMN-> Away

rule

Radiation Particle Measurementat

LEO satellites and ISS

ISS/SEDA-AP (2009.7- )

Jason-2(CNES) (2008.6- )

GOSAT (2009.1- )

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JEM (Japanese Experimental Module)

Exposed Facility

Space Environment DataAcquisition Equipment (SEDA)

HIT:Heavy Ion Telescope

NEM:NeutronMonitor

PLAM:Plasma Monitor

MPAC&SEED: Micro-Particles Capture and SpaceEnvironment Exposed Device

EDEE : Electric DeviceEvaluation Equipment

SDOM:Standard DoseMonitor

AOM : Atomic OxygenMonitor

Pressurized Module

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Observation at 400km altitude

(Obara et al., 2010)

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AE8 Model at 400km altitude

Significant movement ( or shift ) of intense region

Jason-21336 km

GOSAT700 km

ISS400 km

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Dynamic Variation of Outer Belt Electron at LEO

2010/1/1 - 2010/1/10 2010/4/1 - 2010/4/10

After Large Magnetic Storm on April 5, Large Increase of High Energy Electron Flux took place.

30keV Electron Data : Jason-2

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Injections of 45 keV Electrons were found, which reached down toL=2.3~2.5 ( Mlat ~ 50 degree ). This is VERY consistent with Jason-2 data.

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(Ebihara et al., 2010)

Simulation / model calculation

30~40 keVElectrons

Due to the large convection E fioeld, enegeticelectrons approach toward the Earth

Space Environment Measurementat

QZS orbit

QZS-1 (2010.9- ) QZS-1,2 and 3

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QZS-1 satellite:

TEchnical Data Acquisition Equipments (TEDA)

TEDA consist of three parts;

（ 1 ） Light Particle Telescope ： LPT（ 2 ） MAgnetoMeter ： MAM（ 3 ） POtential Monitor ： POM

With these data, JAXA will identifythe cause of the satellite anomaly.

MAM-S1

MAM-S2

POM-S

LPT

QZS-1 Covering Region

0.1MeV

0.8MeV

１ Day

- 　 QZS-1 Orbit and Electron Flux 　 -

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over Japan

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Line of forceLine of force

X Earth Radius

MAGDAS, SERC, Kyushu Univ.

Projection along the field line

Map onto the Earth

Altitude ： 32000~40000kmLaunch; Sept.11, 2010

QZS-1 satellite:

Data service http://sees.tksc.jaxa.jp

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Real Time Plots

Useful Tools for Satellite Environment Reseach

Observation Data

electron

Anik(Canada)E-1 、 E-2 trouble

WWW Browser System

1. Measurement Data 18 observation data display. Offer to the inside and outside of JAXA

2. Warning mail systemWarning notification: X rays, solar proton, and high energy electron

3. Satellite environmentalmodel and analysis tool90 kinds of space environmental models. Display of satellite environment in 2D and 3D.

JAXA 　 SEES

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