space environment september 30,2003 h. kirkici istanbul technical university lecture-4 solar physics...
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Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Solar Physics
it is a starhas a radius of about 696,000 kmcomposed of H and Heemits large amount of mass and energy
(about 4 x 10E33 erg/sec)“quite” sun radiates IR radiation (thermal)Surface temperature (approximately 4,600 K)is about 93 miles away from the EarthAlso emits steady stream of protons and electrons
Sun
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Solar Physics
Space environment and environmental effects in Earth orbit are due to the solar activities
Sun releases “energy” in several formsExplosions causes “shock” wavesMagnetic field causes disturbancesRelative motion of the Earth, sun, and other bodies causes local changes (i.e. thermal)
Sun’s image during an eclipse
The planets
x-ray image
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Solar Physics
Solar flare
The sun
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Solar atmospheric layers
Photosphere
Corona
Chromospheres
Photosphere, the visible surface of the Sun
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Chromospheres, the layer of the solar atmosphere
Located above the photosphere, but beneath the transition region and the corona. Hotter than photosphere, but not as hot as corona
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Outer layer of the solar atmosphere.Consists of a highly rarefied gas with low density and a high temperature.
Temperature is greater that 1,000,000 K.Visible to the naked eye during the solar eclipse.
Corona
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Solar Physics and its influence on the formation of the Earths atmosphere and near earth space environments will be covered by Prof. Dr. Yurdanur Tulunay
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Electromagnetic SpectrumSolar Spectrum
irradiance
wavelength
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
IRUV
visible
Gamma rays 10E22 Hz
Xrays 10E19 Hz
UVVISIBLE 10E14IR
Microwaves 10E10 Hz
RF 10E4 Hz
Utility Power 50-60 Hz
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Electromagnetic SpectrumAbsorption and transmission in Earth’s atmosphere
Space Environment
September 30,2003H. KirkiciIstanbul Technical UniversityLecture-4
Questions?...