Space ExplorationSpace Exploration

http://www.space.com/http://www.space.com/

For All Things Space……..For All Things Space……..

What is a What is a Rocket?Rocket?

►A rocket is a A rocket is a machine machine that uses that uses escaping gas escaping gas to moveto move

Modern RocketryModern Rocketry

► Robert Goddard is Robert Goddard is known as the known as the father of modern father of modern rocketryrocketry..

► American inventor American inventor and physicistand physicist

► Launched the first Launched the first successful liquid successful liquid fuel rocket in fuel rocket in 1926.He tested 1926.He tested more than 150 more than 150 rocket engines.rocket engines.

► By WWII his work By WWII his work became of interest became of interest to the US military.to the US military.

Goddard’s First Rocket- Goddard’s First Rocket- “Nell”“Nell”

► On March 16, 1926On March 16, 1926, Goddard finished building , Goddard finished building a spindly, 10-ft. rocket he dubbed Nell, a spindly, 10-ft. rocket he dubbed Nell, loaded it into an open car and trundled it out loaded it into an open car and trundled it out to his aunt Effie's nearby farm.to his aunt Effie's nearby farm.

► Traveled upward at 60 m.p.h. Traveled upward at 60 m.p.h. ► Altitude of 41 ft.Altitude of 41 ft.► Entire flight lasted just 2 1/2 secEntire flight lasted just 2 1/2 sec. — but that . — but that

was 2 1/2 sec. longer than any liquid-fueled was 2 1/2 sec. longer than any liquid-fueled rocket had ever managed to fly before. rocket had ever managed to fly before.

Goddard Moves to Roswell New Goddard Moves to Roswell New Mexico in 1930.Mexico in 1930.

►Over the next nine years, his Nells Over the next nine years, his Nells grew from 12 ft. to 16 ft. to 18 ft., and grew from 12 ft. to 16 ft. to 18 ft., and their altitude climbed from 2,000 ft. to their altitude climbed from 2,000 ft. to 7,500 ft. to 9,000 ft. 7,500 ft. to 9,000 ft.

►He built a rocket that exceeded the He built a rocket that exceeded the speed of sound and another with fin-speed of sound and another with fin-stabilized steering, and he filed dozens stabilized steering, and he filed dozens of patents for everything from of patents for everything from gyroscopic guidance systems to gyroscopic guidance systems to multistage rockets. multistage rockets.

► By the late 1930s, however, Goddard grew troubled. He had By the late 1930s, however, Goddard grew troubled. He had noticed long before that of all the countries that showed an noticed long before that of all the countries that showed an interest in rocketry, Germany showed the most. interest in rocketry, Germany showed the most.

► Now and then, German engineers would contact Goddard Now and then, German engineers would contact Goddard with a technical question or two, and he would casually with a technical question or two, and he would casually respond. But in 1939 the Germans suddenly fell silent. respond. But in 1939 the Germans suddenly fell silent.

► With a growing concern over what might be afoot in the With a growing concern over what might be afoot in the Reich, Goddard paid a call on Army officials in Washington Reich, Goddard paid a call on Army officials in Washington and brought along some films of his various Nells.and brought along some films of his various Nells.

► He let the generals watch a few of the launches in silence, He let the generals watch a few of the launches in silence, then turned to them. "We could slant it a little," he said then turned to them. "We could slant it a little," he said simply, "and do some damage." The officers smiled benignly simply, "and do some damage." The officers smiled benignly at the missile man, thanked him for his time and sent him on at the missile man, thanked him for his time and sent him on his way.his way.

► The missile man, however, apparently knew what he was The missile man, however, apparently knew what he was talking about. Five years later, the first of Germany's talking about. Five years later, the first of Germany's murderous V-2 rockets blasted off for London. By 1945, more murderous V-2 rockets blasted off for London. By 1945, more than 1,100 of them had rained down on the ruined city. than 1,100 of them had rained down on the ruined city.

► Rebuffed by the Army, Goddard spent World War II on sabbatical Rebuffed by the Army, Goddard spent World War II on sabbatical from rocketry, designing experimental airplane engines for the from rocketry, designing experimental airplane engines for the Navy. Navy.

► When the war ended, he quickly returned to his preferred work. As When the war ended, he quickly returned to his preferred work. As his first order of business, he hoped to get his hands on a captured his first order of business, he hoped to get his hands on a captured V-2. V-2.

► From what he had heard, the missiles sounded disturbingly like his From what he had heard, the missiles sounded disturbingly like his more peaceable Nells. Goddard's trusting exchanges with German more peaceable Nells. Goddard's trusting exchanges with German scientists had given Berlin at least a glimpse into what he was scientists had given Berlin at least a glimpse into what he was designing. designing.

► What's more, by 1945 he had filed more than 200 patents, all of What's more, by 1945 he had filed more than 200 patents, all of which were available for inspection. which were available for inspection.

► When a captured German scientist was asked about the origin of When a captured German scientist was asked about the origin of the V-2, he was said to have responded, "Why don't you ask your the V-2, he was said to have responded, "Why don't you ask your own Dr. Goddard? He knows better than any of us.“own Dr. Goddard? He knows better than any of us.“

► When some V-2s finally made their way to the U.S. and Goddard When some V-2s finally made their way to the U.S. and Goddard had a chance to autopsy one, he instantly recognized his own had a chance to autopsy one, he instantly recognized his own handiwork. "Isn't this your rocket?" an assistant asked as they handiwork. "Isn't this your rocket?" an assistant asked as they poked around its innards. "It seems to be," Goddard replied flatly. poked around its innards. "It seems to be," Goddard replied flatly.

Germany and the V-2Germany and the V-2► Many of Goddard’s Many of Goddard’s

ideas were used to ideas were used to design the German V-2 design the German V-2 rocket.rocket.

► Wernher Von Braun Wernher Von Braun worked for the German worked for the German military developing the military developing the

V-2 rocket.V-2 rocket.► In 1945 Von Braun and In 1945 Von Braun and

his research team his research team surrendered to the US surrendered to the US military and the US military and the US gained 127 of the best gained 127 of the best German rocket German rocket scientists.scientists.

► As part of a military As part of a military operation called Project operation called Project Paperclip, he and his Paperclip, he and his rocket team were rocket team were scooped up from scooped up from defeated Germany and defeated Germany and sent to America where sent to America where they were installed at they were installed at Fort Bliss, Texas. Fort Bliss, Texas.

► There they worked on There they worked on rockets for the U.S. rockets for the U.S. Army, launching them at Army, launching them at White Sands Proving White Sands Proving Ground, New Mexico. Ground, New Mexico.

► In 1950 von Braun’s In 1950 von Braun’s team moved to the team moved to the Redstone Arsenal near Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Ala., where Huntsville, Ala., where they built the Army’s they built the Army’s Jupiter ballistic missile. Jupiter ballistic missile.

Von Braun’s surrender to the US Army, WWII.

►Wernher von Braun (1912–1977) was Wernher von Braun (1912–1977) was one of the most important rocket one of the most important rocket developers and champions of space developers and champions of space exploration during the period between exploration during the period between the 1930s and the 1970s. the 1930s and the 1970s.

► In 1960, his rocket In 1960, his rocket development center development center transferred from the transferred from the Army to the newly Army to the newly established NASA and established NASA and received a mandate received a mandate to build the giant to build the giant Saturn rockets. Saturn rockets.

► Accordingly, von Accordingly, von Braun became Braun became director of NASA’s director of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and the Alabama, and the chief architect of the chief architect of the Saturn V launch Saturn V launch vehicle, the super vehicle, the super booster that would booster that would propel Americans to propel Americans to the Moon.the Moon.

► Huntsville, Alabama Huntsville, Alabama was home to the was home to the facilities the United facilities the United States government States government used to develop the used to develop the country's first space country's first space vehicles.vehicles.

Space Race- US and the Soviet Space Race- US and the Soviet UnionUnion

► October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I.successfully launched Sputnik I.

► The world's first artificial satellite was about The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball and took about 98 the size of a beach ball and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earthminutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. on its elliptical path.

► The public feared that the Soviets' ability to The public feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites also translated into the launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. the U.S.

► That launch ushered in new political, military, That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it it marked the start of the space age and the marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race. U.S.-U.S.S.R space race.

Sputnik-Sputnik-First Orbiting Artificial Satellite-First Orbiting Artificial Satellite-

Soviet Union-1957Soviet Union-1957

What is a Satellite?What is a Satellite?http://www.gma.org/surfing/sats.htmlhttp://www.gma.org/surfing/sats.html

►Although anything that is in orbit Although anything that is in orbit around Earth is technically a satellite, around Earth is technically a satellite, the term "satellite" is typically used to the term "satellite" is typically used to describe describe a useful object placed in orbit a useful object placed in orbit purposely to perform some specific purposely to perform some specific mission or taskmission or task

►We commonly hear about weather We commonly hear about weather satellites, communication satellites and satellites, communication satellites and scientific . satellites. scientific . satellites.

►The path a satellite follows is an The path a satellite follows is an orbitorbit. .

How are Satellites Used?How are Satellites Used?► Satellites come in all shapes and sizes and play a variety of Satellites come in all shapes and sizes and play a variety of

roles. roles. ► Weather satellitesWeather satellites help meteorologists predict the weather help meteorologists predict the weather

or see what's happening at the moment. or see what's happening at the moment. ► Communications satellitesCommunications satellites allow allow telephonetelephone and data and data

conversations to be relayed through the satellite. conversations to be relayed through the satellite. ► Broadcast satellitesBroadcast satellites broadcast broadcast televisiontelevision signals from one signals from one

point to another (similar to communications satellites). point to another (similar to communications satellites). ► Scientific satellitesScientific satellites perform a variety of scientific missions. perform a variety of scientific missions.

The The Hubble Space TelescopeHubble Space Telescope is the most famous scientific is the most famous scientific satellite, but there are many others looking at everything from satellite, but there are many others looking at everything from sun spotssun spots to to gamma raysgamma rays. .

► Navigational satellitesNavigational satellites help ships and planes navigate.help ships and planes navigate.► Rescue satellitesRescue satellites respond to radio distress signals respond to radio distress signals ► Earth observation satellitesEarth observation satellites observe the planet for changes observe the planet for changes

in everything from temperature to forestation to ice-sheet in everything from temperature to forestation to ice-sheet coverage. coverage.

Military SatellitesMilitary Satellites► Military satellitesMilitary satellites are up there, but much of the actual are up there, but much of the actual

application information remains secret. Intelligence-application information remains secret. Intelligence-gathering possibilities using high-tech electronic and gathering possibilities using high-tech electronic and sophisticated photographic-equipment reconnaissance are sophisticated photographic-equipment reconnaissance are endless.endless.

Applications may include: Applications may include:

-Relaying -Relaying encryptedencrypted communications communications --NuclearNuclear monitoring monitoring -Observing enemy movements -Observing enemy movements -Early warning of -Early warning of missilemissile launches launches -Eavesdropping on terrestrial -Eavesdropping on terrestrial radio links radio links -Radar imaging -Radar imaging -Photography (using what are essentially large telescopes that ta-Photography (using what are essentially large telescopes that take pictures of militarily interesting areas) ke pictures of militarily interesting areas)

GPS- Global Positioning SystemGPS- Global Positioning System

► When people talk about "a GPS," they usually mean a When people talk about "a GPS," they usually mean a GPS GPS receiverreceiver. .

► The The Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System (GPS) is actually a (GPS) is actually a constellationconstellation of 27 Earth-orbiting of 27 Earth-orbiting satellitessatellites (24 in operation (24 in operation and three extras in case one fails). and three extras in case one fails).

► The The U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite networknetwork as a military navigation system, but soon opened it as a military navigation system, but soon opened it up to everybody elseup to everybody else. .

► They are constantly moving, making two complete orbits in They are constantly moving, making two complete orbits in less than 24 hours. These satellites are traveling at speeds of less than 24 hours. These satellites are traveling at speeds of roughly 7,000 miles an hour. roughly 7,000 miles an hour.

► GPS Receivers can be found in newer model cars, airplanes, GPS Receivers can be found in newer model cars, airplanes, ships, telephones and in a handheld version.ships, telephones and in a handheld version.

► It will pinpoint your location by latitude and longitude.It will pinpoint your location by latitude and longitude.► It will show you the direction you are traveling and map out a It will show you the direction you are traveling and map out a

route you would like to travel.route you would like to travel.

► A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure out the more of these satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use this information distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own location. to deduce its own location.

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gps2.htm

Space Exploration Space Exploration Part 2 Part 2

Satellites Satellites

► Satellites are used to transmit information as Satellites are used to transmit information as they orbit the Earth.they orbit the Earth.

► They are used in weather, communications, They are used in weather, communications, science, navigation and Earth observation.science, navigation and Earth observation.

► GPS satellites (Global Positioning System) allow GPS satellites (Global Positioning System) allow people to find their location anywhere on Earth people to find their location anywhere on Earth and help planes, ships and cars navigate their and help planes, ships and cars navigate their routes.routes.

► GPS uses 27 Earth orbiting satellites.GPS uses 27 Earth orbiting satellites.► Weather and communication satellites are used Weather and communication satellites are used

daily and are in GEO, Geosynchronous Orbit.daily and are in GEO, Geosynchronous Orbit.

Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) Satellites Satellites

►A satellite in geosynchronous (or A satellite in geosynchronous (or geostationary) orbit are positioned a geostationary) orbit are positioned a fixed point at approx. 21,000 miles fixed point at approx. 21,000 miles above the earth's surface. above the earth's surface.

►GEO satellites primary purpose is GEO satellites primary purpose is weather imagery.weather imagery.

►The GEO satellites above the US The GEO satellites above the US transmit weather imagery and transmit weather imagery and information to help forecasters relay information to help forecasters relay weather information to us.weather information to us.

GEO SatellitesGEO Satellites

►http://www.satsig.net/sslist.htmhttp://www.satsig.net/sslist.htm►List of GEO satellitesList of GEO satellites

NASANASA

►The launch of the first satellite, The launch of the first satellite, Sputnik, launch led directly to the Sputnik, launch led directly to the creation of National Aeronautics and creation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).Space Administration (NASA).

► In July In July 19581958, Congress passed the , Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act (cNational Aeronautics and Space Act (commonly called the "Space Act")ommonly called the "Space Act"), which created NASA as of October 1, , which created NASA as of October 1, 1958.1958.

Marshall Space Flight CenterMarshall Space Flight CenterHuntsville, AlabamaHuntsville, Alabama

►On January 31, 1958, rocket called a On January 31, 1958, rocket called a Jupiter-C launched Explorer I, Jupiter-C launched Explorer I, America’s first orbiting satellite. America’s first orbiting satellite.

►1960 Von Braun1960 Von Braun became director of became director of NASA’s new George C. Marshall NASA’s new George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville Space Flight Center in Huntsville where he where he and his teamand his team would would develop the Saturn rockets that develop the Saturn rockets that launched astronauts to the moon in launched astronauts to the moon in 1969.1969.

Van Allen BeltVan Allen Belt

►Data returned by Explorer 1 and Data returned by Explorer 1 and Explorer 3 (launched in March 1958) Explorer 3 (launched in March 1958) provided evidence that the Earth is provided evidence that the Earth is surrounded by intense bands of surrounded by intense bands of radiation, now called the Van Allen radiation, now called the Van Allen radiation belts. radiation belts.

►This was the first major scientific This was the first major scientific discovery of the space age. discovery of the space age.

Jupiter C Rocket

Explorer 1, First satellite launched by the US.

Saturn V- Apollo 8 and 11Saturn V- Apollo 8 and 11► The Saturn V was The Saturn V was

flight-tested twice flight-tested twice without a crew. without a crew.

► The The first manned first manned Saturn V sent the Saturn V sent the Apollo 8 astronauts Apollo 8 astronauts into orbit around the into orbit around the MoonMoon in December in December 1968.1968.

► After two more After two more missions to test the missions to test the lunar landing vehicle, lunar landing vehicle, in in July 1969 a Saturn V July 1969 a Saturn V launched the crew of launched the crew of Apollo 11 to the first Apollo 11 to the first manned landing on the manned landing on the Moon.Moon.

First on the Moon-Apollo 11- July First on the Moon-Apollo 11- July 19691969

►The The US was the first to put a man on US was the first to put a man on the moon.the moon.

►Launched on Launched on July 16July 16, , 19691969, it carried , it carried Commander Commander Neil Alden ArmstrongNeil Alden Armstrong, , Command Module Pilot Command Module Pilot Michael CollinsMichael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin Eugene 'Buzz' Edwin Eugene 'Buzz' AldrinAldrin, Jr, Jr. .

►On On July 20July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin , Armstrong and Aldrin became the became the first humans to land on the first humans to land on the Moon.Moon.

►Video Clips from the moon.Video Clips from the moon.►http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11v_http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11v_

1092338.mpg1092338.mpg►http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11f.http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11f.

1093409.mov1093409.mov►http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11f.http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11f.

1093543.mov1093543.mov►http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.vhttp://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.v

1100253.mov1100253.mov

Space ShuttleSpace Shuttle

►On January 5, 1972, President On January 5, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon announced plans Richard M. Nixon announced plans to develop the Space Shuttle for to develop the Space Shuttle for routine access to space. It would routine access to space. It would be launched like a rocket but be launched like a rocket but would land like an airplane.would land like an airplane.

Space ShuttleSpace Shuttle

► April 12, 1981 marked a new era in the history of space April 12, 1981 marked a new era in the history of space flight. flight.

► The world’s first reusable space vehicle, the Space Shuttle, The world’s first reusable space vehicle, the Space Shuttle, powered by Marshall developed propulsion systems, was powered by Marshall developed propulsion systems, was thrust into orbit with two astronauts aboard. thrust into orbit with two astronauts aboard.

► This new chapter in the history of the Center would feature This new chapter in the history of the Center would feature Marshall at the forefront of the nation’s space exploration Marshall at the forefront of the nation’s space exploration efforts, among them launch of the Hubble Space Telescope efforts, among them launch of the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990, responsibilities for more than 20 Spacelab in 1990, responsibilities for more than 20 Spacelab missions, and much more.missions, and much more.

► One of Marshall’s prime responsibilities included One of Marshall’s prime responsibilities included developing the Hubble Space Telescope, an optical developing the Hubble Space Telescope, an optical observatory that is returning unprecedented views of the observatory that is returning unprecedented views of the universe. universe.

Space Space ShuttleShuttle

Hubble Space Telescope

Space Space ShuttleShuttle

► On April 12, 1981, the On April 12, 1981, the Space Shuttle ColumbiSpace Shuttle Columbiaa became became the first shuttlethe first shuttle to orbit to orbit the Earth. the Earth.

► Flown byFlown by Commander Commander John W. Young and John W. Young and Pilot Robert L. Crippen, Pilot Robert L. Crippen, Columbia spent 2 days Columbia spent 2 days aloft on its check-out aloft on its check-out mission, mission, STS-1STS-1, which , which ended in a smooth ended in a smooth landing, airplane-style, landing, airplane-style, at at Edwards Air Force BasEdwards Air Force Basee in California. in California.

Shuttle DisastersShuttle Disasters► In 1986, the shuttle In 1986, the shuttle

Challenger exploded in Challenger exploded in flight and the entire crew flight and the entire crew was lost. was lost.

► The Space Shuttle The Space Shuttle ChallengerChallenger disintegrated disintegrated 73 seconds into its flight.73 seconds into its flight.

► A member of its crew was A member of its crew was a civilian and first teacher a civilian and first teacher in space, Christa McAuliffe. in space, Christa McAuliffe.

► In 2003, while re-entering In 2003, while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere, the Earth's atmosphere, the shuttle Columbia broke the shuttle Columbia broke up over the United States. up over the United States.

Future of the Space ShuttleFuture of the Space Shuttle

►While the space shuttles are a great While the space shuttles are a great technological advance, they are limited technological advance, they are limited as to how much payload they can take as to how much payload they can take into orbit. into orbit.

►The shuttle cannot go to high altitude The shuttle cannot go to high altitude orbits or escape the Earth's gravitational orbits or escape the Earth's gravitational field to travel to the Moon or Mars.field to travel to the Moon or Mars.

► NASA is currently exploring new NASA is currently exploring new concepts for launch vehicles that are concepts for launch vehicles that are capable of going to the Moon and Mars. capable of going to the Moon and Mars.

Space Probes

Space ProbesSpace Probes

► Space Probes are used to Space Probes are used to gather information about gather information about distant objects in the solar distant objects in the solar system.system.

► They are unmanned vehicles They are unmanned vehicles that can reach distances that that can reach distances that humans would not be able to humans would not be able to reach.reach.

► Space probes are made to Space probes are made to conduct science experiments conduct science experiments and take photographs.and take photographs.

► Luna 1Luna 1::The first successful space The first successful space probe was the Soviet probe was the Soviet Luna 1Luna 1 flyby of the flyby of the MoonMoon in 1959. in 1959.

Mariner Space ProbeMariner Space Probe

► NASA launched the first series of planetary NASA launched the first series of planetary probes, called Mariner.probes, called Mariner.

► Mariner 2Mariner 2 first reached Venus in 1962. first reached Venus in 1962. ► Later Mariner spacecraft flew by Mars in Later Mariner spacecraft flew by Mars in

1964 and 1969, providing detailed images of 1964 and 1969, providing detailed images of that planet. that planet.

► In 1971, In 1971, Mariner 9Mariner 9 became the first became the first spacecraft to orbit Mars. spacecraft to orbit Mars.

► During its year in orbit, During its year in orbit, Mariner 9Mariner 9 transmitted transmitted footage of an intense Martian dust storm as footage of an intense Martian dust storm as well as images of 90 percent of the planet's well as images of 90 percent of the planet's surface and the two Martian moons. surface and the two Martian moons.

Mariner Space ProbeMariner Space Probe

Space ProbesSpace Probes► The Mars Exploration Rovers :The Mars Exploration Rovers :► The The Mars Exploration RoversMars Exploration Rovers, , SpiritSpirit and and OpportunityOpportunity landed on landed on

MarsMars to explore the Martian surface and to explore the Martian surface and geologygeology, and search , and search for and clues to past water activity on Mars. They were each for and clues to past water activity on Mars. They were each launched in 2003 and landed in 2004. launched in 2003 and landed in 2004.

► Voyager 1Voyager 1::Voyager 1Voyager 1 is an 733-kilogram probe launched is an 733-kilogram probe launched September 5September 5, , 19771977. It is currently still operational, making it the longest-. It is currently still operational, making it the longest-lasting mission of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space lasting mission of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It visited Jupiter and Saturn and was Administration (NASA). It visited Jupiter and Saturn and was the first probe to provide detailed images of the moons of the first probe to provide detailed images of the moons of these planets.these planets.

► Voyager 1Voyager 1 is the farthest human-made object from Earth, is the farthest human-made object from Earth, traveling away from both the Earth and the Sun at a relatively traveling away from both the Earth and the Sun at a relatively faster speed than any other probe. As of August 12, 2006, faster speed than any other probe. As of August 12, 2006, Voyager 1Voyager 1 is over 100 AU, or 9.3 billion miles from the Sun is over 100 AU, or 9.3 billion miles from the Sun and has left our solar system never to return.and has left our solar system never to return.

Future ArrivalsFuture Arrivals

► Two missions have been launched and are Two missions have been launched and are now making the long trips to their target now making the long trips to their target solar system objects. solar system objects.

► The The MessengerMessenger spacecraft was launched in spacecraft was launched in 2004 and will arrive at Mercury in 2011. It 2004 and will arrive at Mercury in 2011. It will be only the second probe sent to that will be only the second probe sent to that small, rocky planet. small, rocky planet.

► The The New HorizonsNew Horizons spacecraft was launched spacecraft was launched in 2006, and will arrive at Pluto in 2015. It in 2006, and will arrive at Pluto in 2015. It will be the first spacecraft to visit that very will be the first spacecraft to visit that very distant dwarf planet.distant dwarf planet.

Space Technology in Everyday Space Technology in Everyday LifeLife

► In 2008, NASA will celebrate 50 years of In 2008, NASA will celebrate 50 years of exploring the solar system and expanding exploring the solar system and expanding human knowledge of the universe. human knowledge of the universe.

► The agency’s pioneering research also has The agency’s pioneering research also has produced or contributed to such technologies produced or contributed to such technologies as satellites, space-based telescopes and cell as satellites, space-based telescopes and cell phones, and new products used every day in phones, and new products used every day in every nation that have contributed to every nation that have contributed to advances in health care, transportation, advances in health care, transportation, public safety, consumer goods, environmental public safety, consumer goods, environmental resources and information technology.resources and information technology.

Examples of Space Technology Examples of Space Technology in our Everyday Livesin our Everyday Lives

► MRI MRI Machine-InMachine-In the mid-1960s, the Jet the mid-1960s, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed digital image Propulsion Laboratory developed digital image processing to allow computer enhancement of processing to allow computer enhancement of moon pictures. Today, digital image processing moon pictures. Today, digital image processing is used to create and enhance images of body is used to create and enhance images of body organs in computed axial tomography (CAT organs in computed axial tomography (CAT scans) and MRI. scans) and MRI.

► FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALFIRE RESISTANT MATERIAL use in use in spacecraft materials and spacesuits now used spacecraft materials and spacesuits now used in firefighter suits, homes, race cars and in firefighter suits, homes, race cars and clothes.clothes.

More Space InnovationsMore Space Innovations► Temper foamTemper foam used in prosthetics (artificial arms and used in prosthetics (artificial arms and

legs). legs). ► Enriched Baby foodEnriched Baby food► Scratch Resistant Lenses Scratch Resistant Lenses ► Portable coolersPortable coolers► Trash compactors Trash compactors ► Athletic shoesAthletic shoes► Fogless ski gogglesFogless ski goggles► Self-adjusting sunglasses Self-adjusting sunglasses ► Invisible braces Invisible braces ► Portable x-ray device Portable x-ray device ► Water PurificationWater Purification► Cordless ToolsCordless Tools► Robotic handsRobotic hands► To read more about Space Innovations click below:To read more about Space Innovations click below:► http://www.thespaceplace.com/nasa/spinoffs.html#chrhttp://www.thespaceplace.com/nasa/spinoffs.html#chr