space exploration. outcome question(s): s1-4-09: what is the purpose of the various objects humans...
TRANSCRIPT
Space Exploration
OUTCOME QUESTION(S):
S1-4-09:What is the purpose of the various objects humans put in space?
S1-4-11:What are advantages and disadvantages of using robots in space?
Vocabulary & People Escape velocity SatellitesISS GeosynchronousGPS Probes Rovers
Escape velocity – speed a rocket needs to overcome the pull of gravity moving into space.
• Smaller rockets attached to the spacecraft make minor changes in the direction once in space
No atmosphere in space – so shuttle must carry an oxygen supply for the rocket fuel to combust and burn
Satellites
Satellite: any body that orbits around another body in space
Earth orbit satellites exist as two types:
1. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites • (1963) Canada’s first satellite - Alouette 1• Traveling very fast – so it doesn’t get pulled in
LEO objects must move fast enough to orbit Earth every 90 minutes or they will lose speed
by the pull of gravity and crash
• Telescopes, Space Stations
Ground Telescopes vs. Space Telescopes:Ground telescopes have many issues:• Air pollution affects clarity - poor• Atmosphere scatters light waves - inconsistent• Atmosphere absorbs most other waves- limited
100%“opacity” means it doesn’t
reach ground
Images sent to us by the Hubble Space Telescope are from some stars 8 billion light years away
Name: American astronomer Edwin P. HubbleLaunch: April 24, 1990 from shuttle Discovery
Optical Capabilities EMS capabilities: Infrared, visible and ultravioletEquipment: 3 cameras, 3 spectroscopesData Statistics: transmits 120 gigabytes every week
Dr. Hubble confirmed an "expanding" universe by noticing red-shift, which provided the foundation for Big Bang theory
Hubble: First Optical Space Telescope
Sputnik
MIR
Yuri Gagarin
International Space Station (ISS)
Space Race Facts: • First satellite – Sputnik – Soviet (1957)• First manned spacecraft – Soviet (1961)• First space station – Salyut 1 – Soviet (1971)• Second space station – MIR – Soviet (1986)
MIR space station was used until 1998 when it was converted into the much larger:
International Space Station (ISS)A cooperative venture of the United States, Europe,
Canada, Russia and Japan
Russian astronauts are called “cosmonauts” – Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space
High Earth Orbit Satellites
2. High Earth Orbit (HEO) satellites• Higher so it can travel much slower• With the right speed, can be geosynchronous(Moving with Earth’s rotation – always over the same spot)
• (1972) Canada’s 1st geosynchronous - Anik 1 • Used for telecommunications
Global Positioning System (GPS) • 24 satellites at a distance of 20 000 km above the Earth • Not geosynchronous
Space Probes and Rovers
Space Probes and RoversRobotic explorers – lots of advantages for use• Less expensive (Pro)
• Farther distances (Pro)
• No possibility of fatalities (Pro)
• Limited experimentally (Con)
• Limited skill set (Con)
Probe/Rover Names:Voyager PioneerCassini GalileoPathfinder Lunar prospector Mars Sojourner
Rovers: probes designed specifically to land on the surface and experiment
Manned Space Activities
Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin
Apollo 11 • First humans on the moon - July 20, 1969• Armstrong was first (“one small step…”)• Collected 47.5 pounds of lunar material
Canada's Involvement In Space
Canadarm• Used on the ISS• A robotic arm that allows astronauts in the space shuttle to move large cargo in space
• Not permanently attached to one spot – it can move
around the Space Station on tracks
Astronauts and Astronomers:Chris Hadfield Roberta BondarMarc Garneau Julie PayetteBob Thirsk Dave Williams
• Canadian astronauts are usually scientists or “payload specialists” - in charge of satellites and equipment
(1989) Canadian Space Agency
CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS?
S1-4-09:What is the purpose of the various objects humans put in space?
S1-4-11:What are advantages and disadvantages of using robots in space?
Vocabulary & People Escape velocity SatellitesISS GeosynchronousGPS Probes Rovers