spain energy

Lyon 2011 SALON DES ENERGIES RENOUVELABLES

SPAIN RGYeneISSUE #3 JANUARY 2011

EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS Research, development and use of renewable energy

SPANISH COMPANIES Innovating for a better World without pollution

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ORGANIZA / ORGANISED BY

Mayo / May11-13Madrid

España / Spain

www.genera.ifema.es

LINEA IFEMA / IFEMA CALL CENTRE

LLAMADAS INTERNACIONALES (34) 91 722 30 00INTERNATIONAL CALLS

[email protected]

EXPOSITORES / EXHIBITORS 902 22 16 16

LLAMADAS DESDE ESPAÑA / CALLS FROM SPAININFOIFEMA 902 22 15 15

F E R I A I N T E R N A C I O N A L D EENERGIA Y MEDIO AMBIENTEENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTINTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR

2011

SUMMARY2 CIUDEN CO2 capture, transport and storage technologies

3 COMBUSTION BIOMASS A 20mw thermal heat boiler for El Bierzo

4 GEOGNOSIA Geophysical services

6 GEOPLAT A promising period for geothermal energy in Spain

8 CENER 2nd generation biofuels

10 ACCIONA Acciona grid connects its 3rd CSP plant in Spain

12 PASTECH Water treatments for industrial processes

14 SRB High performance thermosolar collector for any kind of use

16 BARLOWORLD FINANZAUTO Diesel generator

18 SCHOTT An oasis for green technologies

20 TEKNIKER Tekniker-IK4 technology

22 DURO FELGUERA Duro Felguera executes its largest power plant

24 ZIGOR New Sunzet 125 MW

25 SOLARTIVA Tracking technologies for buildings

26 MICROGRIDS The change of paradigm

27 GRUPO CLAVIJO Photovoltaic sun tracking and fix mounting system

28 HELLÍN ENERGÉTICA Introducing the first CIGS module plant in Spain

32 ZYTEL New electric cars

34 HIDROFLOT Hidroflot technologies

36 FORO NUCLEAR A nuclear power boost at global scale

38 IAB Andalusian Institute of Biotechnology

40 HELIOSOLAR Growing in Spain, Italy and France

42 AVEBIOM A high-tech plant where olives become energy

Dear Reader, In your hands you’ve got a new issue of

SPAIN energy in which we want to present the latest technologies used by Spanish companies on the global energy mix. The companies and research centers that appear in our pages have in common the desire to be on the international market, bringing its capacity, experience and technology in the different fields where they develop their activity.

Spain is a global leader in research, production, storage and distribution of energy through the efforts of entrepreneurs, scientists, technicians and field personnel who combine their efforts every day to make possible a reality that we just begin to perceive. Obviously that reality won’t be other than the energetic production in a sustainable way. For all those who make this possible our applause and recognition from SPAIN energy.

The editor.

1 · WFES Abu Dhabi 2011

Edita: Rodriguez, Mata & Asociados SL.Redacción, administración y publicidad. Rambla Guipúzcoa 48, Planta Baja. 08020 Barcelona, Spain. Tel. +34 935 330 533

Executive ManagerJose Manuel Rodríguez, [email protected]

Technical ManagerToni Marí, [email protected]

Comercial ManagerMariano Rubio, [email protected]

Layout & [email protected]

SPAIN RGYeneISSUE #3 JANUARY 2011

Energy projections give similar picture of high energy demand and the dominant role of fossil fuels to supply this demand. This means that energy-related emissions of CO2 will be more

than double by 2050 if low-carbon energy techno-logies are not deployed. Thus sustainable develop-ment requires a balance between social, economic and environmental considerations, in order to res-pond effectively to the energy demand while conti-nuing to combat Global Climate Change.

Carbon Capture and Storage technologies (CCS) have the potential to play a key role in re-ducing CO2 emissions by 20% in 2050, not only from power generation but also from heavy indus-try and refineries. Together with renewable and energy efficiency, the portfolio of solutions consi-dered in the long term for reducing the emissions must include capturing CO2 from industrial installa-tions and storing it permanently in safe formations. As an additional benefit, implementing CCS would allow Europe to take full advantage of its indige-nous supplies of fossil fuels, and assure the security of supply. Moreover technological developments in the field of CCS would provide the European indus-try with an important market opportunity of increa-sing global relevance.

One of the most relevant initiatives in Europe to promote low carbon technologies is The Fun-dacion Ciudad de la Energia (CIUDEN). CIUDEN is an institution created by the Spanish Government in 2006 to put into practice strategic objectives on CCS and CCT. Its activities related to R&D&d of efficient, cost effective and reliable CCS technolo-gies include the design, operation and construction of large-scale integrated Technology Development

Plants (TDPs) for the capture, transport and geolo-gical storage of CO2.

Ciuden´s CO2 capture and transport TDP is located in North-western Spain, next to Endesa´s 1312 MWe Compostilla PS, and comprises the fo-llowing technologies:- Pulverized Coal boiler (PC), 20 MWth operating from air-mode to full oxy-mode- Circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB), 15 MWth air-mode, 30 MWth full oxy-mode- Biomass gasifier, 3 MWth- Flue gas cleaning train for NOx, dust and SOx reduction (SCR, fabric filter and wet FGD units res-pectively)- CO2 capture: processing and purification train (oxy-mode) / absorption unit (air-mode)

This is the only integrated installation in the world with two large pilot oxy boilers capable of burning a wide range of coals, biomass and pet coke operating under a wide range of operating conditions, from conventional combustion to oxy-combustion conditions. Its unique configuration and characteristics makes this facility first-in-its-class in the world.

This way Spain places itself in a position of in-ternational leadership on CCS, particularly in the field of oxycombustion. Involved stakeholders such as suppliers, engineering companies, final users of the technology (utilities, refining and cement industry), and applied R&D centres are already getting bene-fits from this extraordinary opportunity. The interac-tion of CIUDEN with stakeholders is very intense and aims to be broader in the near future

Global primary energy demand is growing and is likely to con-tinue steadily during the forthcoming years. With the global population set to rise from 7 to 9 billion by 2050, world energy demand is expected to increase by 50% over the next 20 years.

CO2 capture, transport and storage technologies

An opportunity for Spain


Monica LupionExternal Relations ManagerCO2 Capture Programme

Author

www.ciuden.es

CIUDEN

The boiler is able to burn several types of coals as well as blendings (bituminous, sub-bitumonous, and anthracite-coke blending). Nevertheless, the design coal is

“Cupo del Bierzo” anthracite, which is the lo-cally available. Additionally, the boiler is able to burn 25% of heat input from biomass (forest residue) and 75% of coal.

The combustion system used is comprised of four low NOx pulverized coal burners. This burners are conceptually design for operating as conventio-nal industrial boiler or as oxycombustion boiler, which is the outstanding feature of this project.

The oxycombustion is based on oxygen en-riched combustion procedure. The oxygen enri-ched flow is achieved by means of mixtures of commercial oxygen and recirculation gases or the same than before with air injection. The con-centration of oxygen is controlled at the desired level by controlling the flow rates of the pre-vious mentioned compounds of the stream. The oxycombustion process is intended to eliminate or reduce as much as possible the N2 content in the flue gas, in order to easy and reduce the storage volume at the subsoil.

The coal with the primary air or oxidizing mixture for transporting is burned through the central pipe, while the secondary air or oxidizing mixture is thrown through annular nozzles su-

rrounding the main flame. The secondary flow completes the combustion. Over the burner level, terciary oxidizing flow nozzles are installed for CO and NOx control purposes.

The combustion requires accurate control of the composition of the oxidizing fluid at every operating condition. The temperature is also a main parameter to optimize the combustion. The oxidizing fluid system is comprised the latest advanced technologies in instrumentation and measuring devices, fans, heaters and analyzers that assure the proper operation

Ciuden (Ciudad de la Energia - Energy City) coal project is ba-sed on a natural circulation boiler, with water cooled membra-ne wall furnace, radiant superheater at the upper furnace sec-tion and convective economizer at the backpass. The boiler is comprised of the following main equipments: Drum, deareator, attemperator, safety valves, steam silencers, etc.

The Combustion Biomass Service is the supplier of the heat boiler based on superheated steam at 30 barg and 420ºC

Construction of the 20MW thermal heat boiler located in the Planta de Desarrollo Tecnológico de El Bierzo

Thermal Boiler

www.combustionbiomass.com

A 20mw thermal heat boiler for El Bierzo (Ciuden)


COMBUSTION BIOMASS

These methods allow getting 2D and 3D sections of electric resistivity up to a few kilometres of depth so we can distinguish the different present layers or variations

in the same layer (presence of water, fault, salinity of the water, …)

Either the MT or the CSAMT methods belong to the geophysical electromagnetic methods group in the frequency domain (di-fferent frequencies are measured because, depending on the measured frequency, the received information corresponds to a diffe-rent depth).

The main diference between both methods is that the MT method is a natural source method, which means that uses the fortuitous natural noise as a source signal.

The CSAMT method needs an active source (current transmitter) to generate the signal. The MT method allows more depth than the CSAMT to be reached but is more sensitive to the environment noise. That’s the reaseon why the final election between the MT and the CSAMT method depends on the study conditions and the depth of the research.

Within the different geophysical services offered by GEOG-NOSIA, magnetotelluric (MT) and control-source audio-mag-netotelluric (CSAMT) techniques are becoming more impor-tant due to its fundamental contribution to deep geological research (CO2 injections, geothermal, deep geological repo-sitories, deep hydrogeology, etc…).

Magnetotelluric methods contributing to a deep geological research

Geophysical services offered by Geognosia


Allow getting 2D and 3D sections of electric resistivity up to a few kilometres of depth

MT & CSAMT

GEOGNOSIA

The sources of an MT campaign are Earth electric currents producing magnetotelluric signals, most of them controlled by the natu-ral electromagnetic activity over the surface of the Earth. The seasonal atmospheric con-ditions also create electromagnetic signals around the Earth. The EM signals associa-ted to the interaction between the magne-tosphere and the solar winds are important too.

MT can be measured by Scalar Mode (only one component of each field), Vecto-rial (more than one component of one of the fields) or Tensor Mode (both of the horizon-tal components of the electric field and the three components of the magnetic field, both of the horizontals and the vertical). When we measure the two horizontal components of both fields, we’re measuring across and pa-rallel –in geology terms- providing a lot more information over the structure’s directionali-ty. When the study’s geology is simple and needs to be done quickly, it will be planned using Scalar data.

In order to measure the MT data, one can only use “far field” signals. This means that the sources must be far enough from the stu-dy area so the electromagnetic field can be represented by a flat wave. Any electric line can distort the field data.

Tensor data are often measured with Re-mote Reference. This means both stations will be measured at the same time and each of them will be used as the other’s reference, so we can isolate and reject most of the noise and have a better control of the whole stu-dy.

The teams and programs used by Geog-nosia over the electromagnetic studies are produced by Zonge Engineering and Research Organization Inc., a company from the United States with whom Geognosia has a represen-tation and collaboration signed contract on MT and CSAMT projects.


GEOGNOSIA

www.geognosia.com

Geothermal energy is that one stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth ranging from very low to high enthalpy sources which can be used for a great variety of applications.

One of the greatest benefits of geothermal ener-gy production from high-enthalpy sources resides in its dispatchable nature, which provides a security of supply and thus stability to the electrical system. Fur-thermore, geothermal energy is characterized by low production costs and a high capacity-to-production ratio, therefore representing a clear opportunity for de-velopment in our country given the existing potential.

Low-enthalpy geothermal energy is more exten-ded in Spain, as it possesses significant strengths due to the fact that installation of low-enthalpy geother-mal systems (normally associated with heat pumps) implies a substantial reduction of operation and main-tenance costs as opposed to conventional HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning) and DHW (domestic hot water) systems. It is possible to supply heating, cooling, AC and DHW with the same system uninterruptedly 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Space heating, ventilation and cooling using low temperature geothermal systems show a high potential in Spain, along with the foreseeable deve-lopment of a powerful energy capture industry. It is a renewable thermal energy source that both redu-ces electricity demand and has a strong capacity to smooth out demand spikes through time.

Provided these considerable benefits and po-tential for geothermal energy development, main entities involved in the sector have decided to coor-dinate their efforts to promote geothermal energy.

Thus in 2007-2008, the Spanish Renewable Energy Association (APPA) created its two geothermal departments on High- and Low-Enthal-py Geothermal Energy to mainly ensure the elimi-nation of barriers to development and assess admi-nistration to impulse adequate regulatory measures and incentive policies.

Moreover, in May 2009 the Spanish Geother-mal Technology Platform (GEOPLAT) was laun-ched. Being a tool of the Spanish Government, GEOPLAT is a scientific-technical group con-sisted of all relevant stakeholders from the sector, working together to identify and deve-lop sustainable strategies for the promotion and marketing of geothermal energy in Spain.

Thus the Spanish geothermal sector currently goes through a promising period with an eye on the imminent publication of the new Renewable Energy Plan (PER) 2011-2020. Development of this dispatchable renewable energy source greatly depends on what it dictates. We stron-gly trust this plan meets the expectations of our energy sector

In June 2009, the European Parliament endorsed the new European Directive on the promotion of the use of energy fromrenewable sources (Directive 2009/28/CE), meaning an important support for the geothermal sector, providing that this new regulation recognizes for the first time geothermal energy as a renewable source which will play a crucial role to achieve objectives for 2020.

Energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface

A promising period for geothermal energy in Spain


Margarita de GregorioManager GEOPLATManager APPA Geothermal 0034 902 106 256 [email protected]

Author

www.geoplat.org

GEOPLAT

As a result of this, during the last decade, there has been a lot of effort in the development of new alternative fuels for transport, and among them, biofuels are considered the most promi-

sing solution from the techno-economical point of view due to due to their compatibility with current fuel distribution infrastructures and power-trains. At this moment policy is the major factor in driving biofuels demand from specific regions, and it is ex-pected to do so in the future. Therefore in order to encourage biofuel market, different policy measures are being developed worldwide. They are mainly ba-sed on setting binding/voluntary biofuel targets, fi-nancial incentives, R&D supporting actions, etc. And since 2007-08, all these measures are accompa-nied by references to sustainability issues and certi-fication schemes and systems which are being de-veloped at the international level (e.g.: sustainability criteria for biofuels defined in the European Directi-ves 2009/28/EC2 and 2009/30/EC3).

Biofuels are commonly separated into different ‘generations’ according to their level of development and the feedstocks employed.

-1st generation biofuels, mainly bioethanol and biodiesel, are made from feedstocks traditionally used in the food-chain (sugar-cane and beat, starch, vegetable oils or animal fats) using mature commer-cial technologies.

-2nd generation biofuels, which also include ethanol from lignocellulosics, synthetic diesel and hydrotrated vegetable oils, rely on non-food bio-mass (e.g.: lignocellulosic feedstocks) and more complex processes. However, these technologies are still immature and need further development and investment to demonstrate reliable operation at commercial scale and to achieve cost reductions through scale-up and replication. The current level of activity in the area indicates that these routes are likely to become commercial over the next decade. There is also a 3rd generation of biofuels

which includes new conversion routes which are at the earlier stage of development (e.g.: biofuels from algae) and require considerable efforts before they can become competitive contributors to the energy markets.

As outlined before, second generation biofuels are typically characterised by the use of non-food/feed biomass feedstocks sourced from crop, forest or wood process residues, or purpose grown perennial grasses or trees. Such crops are likely to be more productive than most crops used for 1st generation in terms of the energy content of biofuel produced annually per hectare. And in addition, certain feeds-tocks crops can be grown on marginal land therefore not competing with traditional lands used for feeds-tock cultivation. Second generation biofuels can be broadly grouped based on the nature of its produc-tion processes. Therefore two conversion routes exist: biochemical and thermochemical.

● -Biochemical conversion processes use biologi-cal agents (enzymes and microorganisms) to carry out polymers extraction, hydrolysis into their sugar monomers and fermentation to produce bioethanol or other bioproducts (higher alcohols, e.g.: butanol) with simultaneous production of valuable co-pro-ducts.

-Thermochemical conversion processes in-volve the production of a synthesis gas (syngas), which is cleaned, before being passed through a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to create a range of liquid fuels (e.g. gasoline, naphtha, ke-rosene or diesel fuel, known as BtL4) and chemi-cals, and production of bio-methane and other bio-synthetics gaseous fuels through gasification.

These routes can also be combined for the deployment of new biorefinery concepts. These will need to rely on the technical maturity of a range of processes to produce materials, chemicals, and energy because, although some demonstration

2nd generation biofuels


Inés Del CampoBiomass Department of Cener

Author

Historically transport sector development has significantly con-tributed to economic growth; although, it is the main contributor to GHG1 emissions to the atmosphere (mainly CO2) and highly dependant on fossil fuels.

Competitive contributors to the energy markets

CENER

projects are on line in 2010, production of 2nd bio-fuels from lignocellulosic biomass is only at the pilot scale. Therefore, biorefineries are some way behind lignocellulosic biofuel production and are unlikely to be fully demonstrated by 2015. In this context, The European Strategic Energy Technology Plan5 (SET Plan 2010-2020), which is one of the tools to fos-ter the development of cleaner and more efficient technologies and their subsequent marketing in the EU, stresses the need once again to develop infras-tructures that will permit the production of 2nd ge-neration biofuels on a large scale. Given that not all the technologies have been developed to the same extent, the construction of infrastructures where the processes can be demonstrated at the appropria-te scale (pilot, pre-commercial, industrial plants), is considered necessary. Among the goals set, it is estimated that up to 30 plants will be necessary throughout the whole of Europe to be able to analy-se key aspects in the development of these proces-ses, such as geographic and climate variability as well as logistic restrictions in the supply of biomass.

In Spain, there is a large scientific community that develops R&D activities at laboratory level, in aspects related to the production of 2nd generation biofuels, but there is no large-scale infrastructure that permits verifying the developments carried out by the research groups in this thematic area at a pilot plant level. This is the context where the pro-posal to construct the “Second Generation Biofuel ICTS in the Foral Community of Navarra” arises; a proposal that was approved during the III Con-ference of Regional Presidents in January 2007. The National Renewable Energy Centre (CENER), a technology centre specialised in applied research, and the development and promotion of renewable energies, will be the holder of such an infrastructure. The design and scientific and technological mana-gement will be shared between CENER and Ciemat.

Biofuel ICTS is a unique R&D&I tool for the Scien-tific Community and for the industrial sector, as it will provide a series of experimentation infrastructures where R&D activities, which cannot be undertaken at laboratory scale, can be developed. This will offer a global vision of the whole process and not just of a specific stage. Furthermore, due to the size of the process units to be installed, the ICTS will provide the industrial sector with a tool for the pre-industrial scale-up of processes that have been developed and that prove to be technically and economically feasi-ble. Finally, the ICTS will permit carrying out a rigorous analysis of the economic sensitivity of the processes and of the life cycle of the process units, which, as a result of these analyses, will prove their sustaina-

1. Greenhouse Gases. 2. DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources

and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC

and 2003/30/EC. 3. DIRECTIVE 2009/30/EC OF

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009amending Directive 98/70/

EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and

introducing a mechanism to mo-nitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council

Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used

by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC.

4. From Biomass to Liquids. 5. Communication from the Commission to the European

Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social

Committee of the Regions. Inves-ting in the Development of Low

Carbon Technologies (SET-Plan). COM (2009) 519 Final. Brussels.

7.10.2009. 6. The recently approved Directi-

ve 2009/28 on the Promotion of Renewable Energies confirms that

the consolidation of the biofuel sector requires the industrial scale

development of 2nd generation biofuel production. This Directive

established the target to substitu-te 10% of the fuels for transport

with renewable fuels by the year 2020. Biofuels, and more specifically the development of

2nd generation biofuels, becomes especially important within this

goal, as they are considered to be the most sustainable and feasible

alternative at the present time, to reduce the consumption of oil-

derived fuels. 7. European Strategy Forum on

Research Infrastructures..

Notes

bility not just from an economic viewpoint but also from an environmental and energy viewpoint.The general objective of the Biofuel ICTS (Singular Scien-tific and Technological Infrastructure) is to have a Process Development Unit (PDU) to produce 2nd generation biofuels on a pilot scale level as an inter-mediate step towards the industrial scale-up of the-se technologies and as a biorefinery test platform.

2nd generation biofuels obtained from ligno-cellulosic materials are generally grouped together depending on their production process. Three con-version routes can thus be distinguished that coin-cide with the process distribution within the PDU:

-Thermochemical route (based on a gasifi-cation process of the biomass and subse-quent chemical synthesis based on this gas). -Biochemical route (based on an advan-ced hydrolysis process and fermentation). -Hybrid route (based on a process com-bination of the previous two routes).

The infrastructure also includes a biomass pre-treatment unit where the preliminary prepara-tion stages will be carried out before the biomass is supplied to each one of the conversion routes. The design of the “Biofuel ICTS” incorporates new developments in the different process phases, but it also considers a complete range of alternatives, which permit the integration of both conversion routes (thermochemical and biochemical) and the development of the biorefinery concept aimed at an integral use of the biomass and by-products generated in each one of the processes.

The ICTS, with its different process units, is a unique R&D&I tool that will place a series of de-monstration facilities at the disposal of both the Scientific Community and the Industrial Sector, where research activities, which are impossible to undertake on a laboratory scale, can be deve-loped. This will make it possible to obtain global results for the entire process and not just for one specific stage. It is also an essential tool to ca-rry out the subsequent developments necessary to contribute to compliance with the objectives established at a European level6. Likewise, the concept of this ICTS integrates perfectly into the “ESFRI Roadmap7”

www.cener.com


CENER

Acciona has invested 237 million euros in its CSP plant at Majadas, which will produce electricity equivalent to the consumption of 30,000 homes and will

avoid the emission of 96,100 metric tons of CO2 from conventional coal-fired power sta-tions. The project has led to the creation of 350 direct jobs in the construction phase and another 31 in the operational phase. Another 70 indirect or induced jobs will also be created in the surrounding area.

The location of the plant in the locality of Majadas de Tiétar, in the north-west of the Spanish region of Extremadura, is the result of solar radiation studies that consider the area technically and economically viable for the implementation of SEGS (Solar Energy Gene-rating System) technology based on parabolic troughs.

The technology is based on rows of mirrors that concentrate the sun’s radiation into collec-tor tubes located in its focal line, through which a working fluid circulates that reaches tempera-tures of up to 400 degrees Celsius. This fluid is taken to a heat exchanger that contains water to produce steam, which in turn drives a con-ventional turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity.

The solar field of the plant consists of 792 collectors, each collector consisting of 12 struc-tures. This makes 9,504 structures 100 meters long by 5 meters wide, each one arranged in two fields grouped into four sub-fields. 190,080 mi-rrors have been used to create a capture surface of 406,581 m2.

Acciona Energy has recently grid connected its third CSP plant in the locality of Majadas de Tiétar (Cáceres province, south-west Spain). The new facility will provide a further 50 MW to the CSP installed capacity of Acciona, adding to the 50 MW of the plant at Alvarado (Badajoz) and the 64 MW of Nevada Solar One in the Nevada desert (USA). By the end of the year the company plans another similar installation at Palma del Río II (Córdoba, southern Spain), so it will end 2010 with 214 MW of installed capacity – all in parabolic trough technology – thus reinforcing its already strong position in the sector.

Will provide a further 50 MW to the CSP installed capacity

Acciona grid connects its third CSP plant in Spain


The power unit mainly consists of the steam generation system based on the thermal energy captured by the solar field, the steam turbine, the water supply system, the con-densation and cooling system and the water treatment system.

Power block

ACCIONA

In the solar field a heat transfer fluid (HTF) circulates that transfers the energy captured from the sun to the thermal power unit. In or-der to prevent the freezing of the fluid during shutdowns or periods of low solar radiation na-tural gas is used (a maximum of 15% per year).

The power unit mainly consists of the steam generation system based on the thermal ener-gy captured by the solar field, the steam turbi-ne, which converts the steam in kinetic energy and is subsequently converted into electricity by the generator, the water supply system, the condensation and cooling system and the water treatment system.

The plant also has a number of auxiliary systems and equipment such as a station for natural gas regulation and measurement, effluent treatment, compressed air, an air net-work for instruments, air for services, lifting equipment, laboratory, heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment, and a fire protec-tion system.

In-house technology

Acciona has considerable experience in the cons-truction and operation of concentrated solar power plants using its own technology. In June

A general view from the Majadas de Tiétar CSP plant located in

south-west spain inside the Cáce-res province. The new facility will provide a further 50 MW to the

CSP installed capacity of Acciona.

Majadas de Tiétar

2007 it commissioned Nevada Solar One (NSO), a 64 MW plant in the Nevada desert (USA), the first built in the world since those installed in Ca-lifornia in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The good results achieved and the experience gained with NSO were decisive factors when it came to planning CSP projects in Spain.

The first facility – Alvarado (in Badajoz province), with installed capacity of 50 MW – entered service in 2009. Majadas has been followed in December by Palma del Río II (Cór-doba) – with the same capacity as Alvarado-, and in summer 2011 Palma del Río I will come on stream. This will give ACCIONA 264 MW of CSP capacity in five production plants, four of them in Spain and the other one in the United States.

Within its project portfolio in Spain, ACCIO-NA has also registered a fifth CSP plant in the Pre-Allocation Register under the Special Regi-me of the Ministry of Industry: Orellana, in Bada-joz, with a capacity of 50 MW

www.acciona.com


ACCIONA

Formed by a multidisciplinary team with over 20 years of experience can offer comprehensive solutions to clients’ pro-jects. We believe that the client needs

a “partner” specialized in specific activities such as the one unfolding Pastech.

Environmental Engineering

Study, design, engineering and development of facilities to treat, minimize, enhance and reuse natural resources, energy or water and waste rejection.

Water Treatment Plant:

Study, design, engineering and construction of systems or “Water Treatment Plant” for its im-plementation in modular form work, avoiding greater assembly time on site and defined their connections in the engineering phase.

Treatment units for drinking water produc-tion and / or demineralized water to service any type of plant.

Compact chemical dosing systems:

Study, design, engineering and construction “Compact Chemical Dosing Systems, integrated self-supporting structures or enclosures compact” Shelters “, including switching and control of dosa-ge and storage tanks chemical.

Systems designed for very precise chemical dosage required in power plants in their channels of water-steam cycle and cooling towers.

Sampling and analysis systems

Study, design, engineering and construction of “Sampling and Analysis Systems”, integrated racks, self-supporting structures or shelters where they are equipped Conditioning Systems Samples from various parts of the process conditions of high tem-perature and pressure, as well as continuous analy-zers to measure the parameters necessary for the proper functioning of the process and proper pre-servation of the main equipment.

Project References executed

-Abener, PS20 (Sevilla). 2007-Técnicas Reunidas, CTCC-PEAKER 4 (Escatrón), 2007-Cobra-Sener: CT-ANDASOL-1 (Granada), 2007-08-Cobra-Sener: CT-ANDASOL-2 (Granada), 2008-09-Cobra-Sener: CT-EXTRESOL-1 (Badajoz), 2009-Cobra-Sener: CT-EXTRESOL-2 (Badajoz), 2002-10-Bemco / IDOM-Iberdrola, Fujairah Plant. (UAE). 2007.

Pastech is an independent company specialized in design, en-gineering and manufacturing of compact systems for Water Treatment for all types of industrial processes, This activity is developed in the petrochemical industry, energy - renewable

A multidisciplinary team with over 20 years of experience

Water treatments for industrial processes


Treatment units for drinking water production and/or demineralized water to service any type of plant

Water treatments

PASTECH

-Iberdrola: CTCC-MESAIEED. (Qatar) 2008-09.-Abener, PS-SOLNOVA-1 (Sevilla). 2008-Abener, PS-SOLNOVA-3 (Sevilla). 2008-Abener, PS-SOLNOVA-4 (Sevilla). 2009-Abener, PS-EUREKA-5 (Sevilla). 2008-09-Cobra-SUEZ, CTCC-LARES (Portugal). 2009.-Cobra-SUEZ, CTCC-MEJILLONES (Chile). 2009.-Seridom. CT-LA RISCA (Badajoz). 2009.-Seridom: CT-MAJADAS (Badajoz). 2009.-Acciona: CT-PALMA DEL RIO-2. 2009.-Acciona: CT-PALMA DEL RIO-1. 2010.-Iberese: CT-LEBRIJA (Sevilla). 2009.-COBRA-INITEC: CT-MANCHASOL-1. 2010.-COBRA-INITEC: CT-MANCHASOL-2. 2010.-COBRA-SENER: CT-VALLE-1. 2010.-COBRA-SENER: CT-VALLE-2. 2010.

Pastech designed and manufactured by Ac-ciona Solar Power Plant Dosing System Chemical boiler water-steam cycle in the form of “turnkey.” System capable of remaining in continuous opera-tion for 365 days a year, including stops and starts, automatically.

The system design has taken into account that may occur frequent overnight stops, starts with the corresponding post. The equipment is designed to operate manual, automated, local and remote con-trol through the PLC system operation.

Legacy systems were as follows:

- Dosing ammonia and carbohidracida in the dis-charge of condensate pumps to maintain the pH and oxygen content in the condensate within the design values established for water supply to the deaerator.

Pastech guarantees the ISO 9001 certification in all of his products

ISO 9001

- Dosing ammonia and carbohidracida in the feed water to maintain the pH and oxygen content in feed water and steam within the range set by the manufacturers of boilers and turbines.

- Dosing ammonia supply demineralized water to the condenser to keep the pH within the range set.

- Dosing trisodium phosphate to boiler water to precipitate and remove the potential sales that may come to the ring by capacitor failu-res and other equipment, maintaining the boiler water quality according to criteria established by the manufacturer directly.

- Dosing corrosion inhibitor to reduce the co-rrosive demineralized water cooling circuit and passive components of boiler metal surfaces of the circuit.

Solar thermal power plants made for Acciona:

- Acciona: CT-LA RISCA (Badajoz). 2009.- Acciona: CT-MAJADAS (Badajoz). 2009.- Acciona: CT-PALMA DEL RIO-2. 2009.- Acciona: CT-PALMA DEL RIO-1. 2010.

www.pastech.es


PASTECH

AActually, first Corp. SRB Energy stock holder is a Spanish automotiveTier 1 Group (F. Segura Group). On the 70s, while Mr. Benvenuti was CERN staff, he

invented a high performance thermosolar co-llector that integrated the accelerator latest and most advanced technologies.

Actually Mr. Benvenuti leads SRB R&D department at Geneva. It is well known that CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is one of the world’s largest and

most respected centres for scientific re-search. Its business is fundamental physics, finding out what the Universe is made of and how it works. At CERN, the world’s largest and most complex scientific instruments are used to study the basic constituents of matter — the fundamental particles. By studying what happens when these particles collide, physi-cists learn about Nature’s laws.

The instruments used at CERN are parti-cle accelerators and detectors. Accelerators

Corporation SRB Energy was born in 2007 to research and de-velop a CERN patent of a high performance thermosolar co-llector and was invented by Dr. Benvenuti (doctor in physics and CERN High Management)

Integrates most advanced technologies

High performance thermosolar collector for any kind of use


A general view from SRB’svacuum bench installation

Vacuum Bench

SRB

boost beams of particles to high energies be-fore they are made to collide with each other or with stationary targets.

Detectors observe and record the results of collisions. Founded in 1954, the CERN La-boratory sits astride the Franco–Swiss border near Geneva. It was one of Europe’s first joint ventures and now has 20 Member States. The collector integrates Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) which perfectly isolates and has inside a Get-ter pump which absorbs any sort of gas. It also features high absorbity and low emissivi-ty treatmen on the absorvers, reaching over 92% on absortvity and under 3,5% on emis-sivity.

After several years investigating the pro-cesses and the collector, on mid 2007 star-ted the construction of the manufacturing pi-lot plant which concluded on mid 2008, and from January 2009 the serial manufacturing has started.

It is commonly understood that high tem-peratures on thermosolar energy can only be reached through very high concentration, and flat collectors are always used in low tempera-ture applications because of the low stagna-tion temperaturesof the elements.

Parabolic and tower technologies have had a significant growth during the last years, but SRB has chosen a different road to reach high temperature which is having a very good isolation by reaching a 10-9 torr vacuum. This quality of vacuum joined to the flat geometry allows the collector to get also the diffuse light.

This boost of energy allows the collec-torwith concentrations never bigger than 8:1 reach stagnation temperatures reaching nor-mally over 450 ºC.

Usage of the Collector

Also due to the flat geometry of the collector, different concentrators have been designed to reach different stagnation temperatures. It is intended to meet the requirements of temperature and cost of other different mar-kets, than traditional generation of electricity through turbines or hot water for domestic uses. SRB cab be used on mid temperature applications such as Air Condiotioningthrough

Domestic Heating (Conf. 1)Countries with low radiation

Industrial Heating (Conf. 2 or 3)Mid Temperature: 65 - 150 ºC

Mid-High Temperature: 150 - 200 ºCHigh Temperature: from 200 ºC

Cooling (Conf. 2)Single or double effect absorption ma-

chines (150 ºC) COP> 1.4

Electricity (Conf. 3)Power Plants from 1.4 MW with ORC

Turbines or steam turbines

Summary

absorpion machines with single or double effect, industrial heating, and district heating applications.

Generally speaking with the concentrator number 2 and using tracking or not (which opens the door to the over roof application), the collector can be used on any heat de-manding application on a range of tempera-tures than any other thermosolar collector can reach.

All this qualities, positions the SRB collec-tor, as the most versatile and best performing thermosolar technology, on an industrial and ready to use phase, which can be applied now a days on any possible heating applica-tion

www.srbenergy.com


1 2 3

Concentration 1:1 2:1 8:1

Stagnation T Cº 320 >400 >450

Tracking yes yes/not yes

Aplication T 35-120 90-200 200-350

SRB

Acciona is going to close the year with 4 operative plants, all of them equip-ped with parabolic through collector te-chnology that will provide 214 MW of

power consolidating its position in the sec-tor.

The plant is located at 3km from Majadas (Badajoz, Spain) and will produce clean ener-gy for 30,000 homes and will avoid the emis-sion of 96,100 CO2 tonnes per year from a coal thermal plant.

The construction and development of the EPC has been carried out by Seridom. Finan-zauto has collaborated with this company pro-viding the emergency diesel genset.

This diesel genset has been installed to protect the power module of the plant in the event of a black-out.

The genset has been equipped with:

• Sound attenuated weather proof enclo-sure.

• Cooling system designed to work with ambient temperatures up to 50ºC.

• Control switchgear for Automatic mains failure and synchronisation with utility.

The heart of the system is a well known CAT3512 engine installed in the five continents and in the toughest conditions for its relia-bility, durability and cost-effective operation, coupled to a CAT SR4B generator.

The generator includes an optimum win-ding pitch for minimum total harmonic dis-tortion and maximum efficiency. A CDVR voltage regulator is mounted in the package providing peak performance and total flexi-bility.

Global design of the entire package en-sures a total compatibility and excellent per-formance.

The Caterpillar worldwide product support net includes an extensive post sale support including maintenance and repair agree-ments.

CAT dealers have over 1,800 dealer branch stores operating in 200 countries

A new thermo solar plant located in Majadas de Tiétar (Ca-ceres) for Acciona Energía has been put in operation. 237M€ has been invested in this 50MW plant, the result is the third plant installed by the company in the World.

This diesel genset has been installed to protect the power module of the plant in the event of a black-out.

Barloworld Finanzauto diesel generator


Av. Madrid, 43 28500 Arganda del Rey Madrid - Spain 0034 901 130 013 [email protected]

Contact

www.finanzauto.es

BARLOWORLD FINANZAUTO

®

STANDBY 1120 ekW 1400 kVA50 Hz 1500 rpm 400 Volts

SPECIFICATIONS

CAT GENERATOR

Caterpillar Generator

Frame size......................................................................... 696

Excitation................................................ Permanent Magnet

Pitch.............................................................................. 0.6667

Number of poles...................................................................4

Number of bearings...................................... Single Bearing

Number of Leads.................................................................. 6

Insulation....................... UL 1446 Recognized Class H with

tropicalization and antiabrasionAlignment.............................................................. Pilot Shaft

Overspeed capability - % of rated................................... 180

Wave form....................................................................003.00

Paralleling kit/Droop transformer.......................... Standard

Voltage regulator.3 Phase sensing with selectible volts/Hz

Voltage regulation............Less than +/- 1/2% (steady state)

Less than +/- 1% (no load to full load)Telephone Influence Factor.............................. Less than 50

Harmonic distortion......................................... Less than 5%

CAT DIESEL ENGINE

3512 TA, 4-stroke-cycle watercooled diesel

Bore - mm.............................................. 170.00 mm (6.69 in)

Stroke - mm........................................... 190.00 mm (7.48 in)

Displacement - L................................... 51.80 L (3161.03 in3)

Compression ratio........................................................ 13.0:1

Aspiration........................................................................... TA

Fuel system............................................Direct unit injection

Governor type...................................................... Woodward

CAT EMCP SERIES CONTROLS

• Single location customer connection point

• True RMS AC metering, 3-phase

• Controls

- Run / Auto / Stop control

- Speed Adjust

- Voltage Adjust

- Emergency Stop pushbutton

- Engine cycle crank

• Digital Indication for :

- RPM

- Operating hours

- Low oil pressure

- Coolant temperature

- System DC Volts

- L-L volts, L-N volts, Phase amps, Hz

- ekW, kVA, kVAR, kW-hr, %kW, PF

• Shutdowns with common indicating light for:

- Low oil pressure

- High coolant temperature

- Low coolant level

- Overspeed

- Emergency stop

- Failure to start (over crank)

• Programmable protective relaying functions

- Under and over voltage

- Under and over frequency

- Overcurrent

- Reverse power

• Options

- Vandal door

- Local annunciator module

- Remote annunciator module

November 01 2009 20:06 PM3SS-002265.pdf: Secured on 11/27/2009 19:40


BARLOWORLD FINANZAUTO

Anyone who drives along the bypass road SE-30 in the south of the Andalusian capi-tal of Seville passes by a rather impressive office complex. Completed in mid-2009, the

Campus Palmas Altas is the headquarters for the multinational corporation Abengoa and a prime example of a “green building” that meets ecolo-gical, professional and social requirements at the same time. Seven buildings that have between three and five storeys and offer approx. 47,000 square meters of office space are arranged along-side a central square. Niches for people to relax in can be found in the green gardens and many different patios that surround it. But the business park hosts other facilities as well, for instance a kindergarten, a supermarket, a restaurant, a fit-ness center and a small clinic.

Abengoa feels that ensuring that there is a balance between work and leisure time is a social responsibility. The idea was to create an attractive working environment for the emplo-yees. But even more, their vision and objecti-ve was to also design a futuristic building in which the potential that innovative technolo-gies and alternative energy sources hold could be seen and felt. After all, the main focus for Abengoa and its subsidiaries is on sustainable development in areas like energy, telecommu-nications and the environment.

For this reason, Richard Rogers, the British architect from Rogers Stirk Harbour & Part-ners (RSH&P) who was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, and the Spanish architec-

The Campus Palmas Altas business park in Spain was built to meet the latest standards for sustainability and energy efficiency. And solar technology from Schott is a key ele-ment of it.

Marine energy projects

An oasis for green technologies


Alberto ZúñigaMarketing Manager

Tel. +34 932 283 254Fax +34 932 283 [email protected]

Author

SCHOTT

High-tech among the palm trees: semi-transparent SCHOTT ASI® Thru photovoltaic modules were integrated into sunroofs. They shade Abengoa’s extensive patios and reduce solar radiation that would otherwise heat up the glass façades of the buildings.

Sunroofs

tural firm Vidal y Asociados Arquitectos de-veloped an architectural approach oriented towards sustainability that relies mainly on te-chnologies that save resources as effectively as possible. “Tests were performed on all of these systems to document their efficiency, their contribution towards saving energy and carbon dioxide, in addition to offering other benefits,” explains José María López-Bellido from Inabensa, the Abengoa subsidiary, res-ponsible for planning and implementation of the solar technology.

On the basis of this information, the semi-transparent SCHOTT ASI® Thru photovoltaic (PV) modules proved to be the ideal solution. These solar elements made of glass that are manufactured using amorphous silicon on the basis of so-called thin-film technology offer excellent performance even with high tempe-ratures and the semi-transparent version pro-tects against excessive solar radiation – key advantages, considering the severe climate conditions that are quite common in southern Spain in the summer.

In addition, the flexible design of these glass-to-glass PV panels allows for them to be integrated directly into buildings as attractive components.

Showroom for solar technology

All of the 632 solar modules from SCHOTT were used in eight solar roofs that feature 1,382 modules in total. These solar pergolas were positioned all over the campus in such a way that they either provide shade for the patios or ensure that less solar radiation heats up the glass façades of the buildings. But they also serve as a “showroom for solar technolo-gy”, so to speak.

The PV modules chosen for this were ma-nufactured using a variety of different techno-logies and have different electrical characte-ristics. Up to seven types of modules in total are in use, including three ASI® Thru models. These solar elements are operated by two in-dependent systems with 80 and 70 kilowatts of nominal output. According to the calcula-tions, they generate a total of around 221 me-gawatt hours of electricity per year. This would be enough to supply 60 households and would save the environment some 232 tons of CO2 each year

Simon [email protected]

Luis Vidalwww.luisvidal.com

Contact

www.schott.com


INTERVIEWSimon Smithson & Luís Vidal

“Climate protection is a job for architects”

Simon Smithson, the head of the RSH&P offi-ce in Madrid, and Luis Vidal, the founder of Vidal y Asociados Arquitectos, on the Campus Palmas Altas and sustainable architecture:

Why is sustainable building so im-portant to you?

Smithson: Buildings and motor vehicles ac-count for 75 percent of our total global energy consumption. Therefore, climate protection is a job for architects like us. We hope our approach sets an example for sustainable building.

Didn’t the business park receive an award for this?

Vidal: Yes, it became the first building complex in Europe to receive the pre-certification “LEED Platinum” from the U.S. Green Building Council. Furthermore, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) recognized it in the category “Commercial” with a design award. But the social aspect is also very important to us.

What do you mean?

Vidal: Architecture is there to create a sense of community and comfort and allow people to live, work and enjoy the pleasant aspects of life all in the same place. Smithson: This is what we are trying to achieve together with our customer. Abengoa had this understanding from the very start and the result is really quite impressive.

Smithson: This is what we are trying to achieve together with our costumer. Aben-goa had this understanding from the very start and the result is really quite impressive.

SCHOTT

The active participation of Tekniker-IK4 in the ma-jor R+D+i support programs of the various public administrations in Europe, Spain and the Basque Country is proof that this technology centre is a

strategic partner of reference for the major companies in each sector that contract its research projects. After all, that is in short the ultimate purpose of Tekniker-IK4: to generate and capture knowledge and transfer it into value for companies so they may build their technolo-gical antenna.

Specialization and Sectors of Application

As a technology centre of reference, Tekniker-IK4 has attained a high level of specialization in four primary areas: Precision engineering and Mechatro-nics, Surface engineering, Production and automa-tion engineering and Manufacturing technologies, which means its cutting edge technology horizonta-lly impacts a wide range of applications.

For example, Tekniker-IK4’s experience in ad-vanced technological development for the major European scientific facilities is particularly outstan-ding. Four of them already use technology deve-loped by Tekniker-IK4, which in the last ten years has provided more than a dozen scientific develop-ments for these facilities.

Some of the facilities with which Tekniker-IK4 collaborates include the Oxford ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source (United Kingdom), the Institute Laue Langevin-Neutrons for Science (ILL) of Gre-noble (France), the European Synchrotron Radia-tion Facility (ESRF), also located in the French city of Grenoble and the Great Canary Telescope (GTC) in Spain. Its leadership in this field has placed it in a position to be the technological partner of re-ference for the new European Spallation Neutron Source, which will be established in Swedem with a substation in Bilbao.

A Reference on Energy

The Centre’s offer in this field ranges from wind to solar sectors, with special emphasis on energy storage technologies. Here are some of its principal capacities.

In the wind energy sector, Tekniker-IK4 has over 15 years experience in connection with the design, monitoring and maintenance of high-power wind turbines. Related jobs have included the production of mechatronic simulation models (mechanics and control) and the development of advanced blade control algorithms for wind turbi-ne manufacturers. On the other hand, the Eibar-based technological centre has developed bio-lubricants for the system’s mechanical elements

With more than 25 years of experience in applied technology research and its transfer to businesses, Tekniker-IK4 is a tech-nology centre of reference in the Basque Country and Spain. Its high level of specialization allows it to place its state of the art technology at the service of a wide range of sectors of application.

Technological excellence for business

Tekniker-IK4 technology


TEKNIKER

Surface functionalization for photovoltaic systems

Tekniker

and has acquired a vast experience in applied tribolubrication through projects and services for important wind farm operators. Such projects in-clude field and on-line monitoring and instrumen-tation of lubricants, in addition to advanced main-tenance strategies based on remaining useful life prediction.

With regard to the solar energy sector, de-velopments by Tekniker-IK4 affect diverse Tech-nologies and fields of application. In this respect, apart from solar thermal system simulation, Te-kniker-IK4 has embarked upon various activities important for the development of new-genera-tion photovoltaic systems. They include deve-loping CIGS absorbing coatings with the Sput-tering process, transparent conductive Oxide coatings (front contacts) using the PVD method for amorphous silicon solar cells, and developing the laser scribing process for amorphous silicon cells and CIGS cells.

Specially noteworthy however and above all are the developments for the concentration solar energy sector carried out over the last five years, namely:

- Developing surface functionalization (selective, anti-reflective and self-cleaning coatings depo-sited using PVD or SolGel techniques), for solar applications

- Development and degradation analysis of heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar plants as well as thermal storage materials.

- Developing advanced components and trac-king sensors

- External combustion engines for dish-stirling applications

- High-precision tracking systems

- New materials and encapsulation systems for thermal storage

- Improving assembly systems and geome-tric characterisation of large concentra-tors

- Wireless heliostat and collector control sys-tems for solar thermal plants

- Developing specific production systems for the sector (e.g. coating chambers).

Tekniker-IK4 has embarked upon various activities important for the

development of new-generation photovoltaic systems

Photovoltaic systems

Moreover, Tekniker-IK4 intensely works on di-fferent energy storage technologies related to elec-trochemical, kinetic and thermal storage. As a mat-ter of fact, Tekniker-IK4 leads the Spanish Singular Strategic Project, developing high-capacity magne-tically suspended flywheels for transport and cons-truction applications as well as for use in grid sta-bility or emergency power generation.

Besides, Tekniker is developing and offering VRB solutions for different applications.Regarding thermal storage over varying temperature ranges, Tekniker-IK4 works on the development of strong and highly thermal conductive encapsulations for Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as well as their chemical bonding to polymer substrates that will avoid encapsulation.

In short, Tekniker-IK4 offers excellent research in different energy sectors, which makes it an ideal partner for companies that carry out their business activity in this area.

“Sustainable Technology”

Another area where Tekniker-IK4 is in a leading position is on environmental improvement projects as it has developed a complete line of “sustainable technology”. This work in ecology and environmen-tal sustainability allows it to make ecological deve-lopments in its various areas of specialization with applications in sectors such as energy, automotive, industrial production and transport.

In order to increase this host of capacities, Tek-niker is part of the IK4 Research Alliance, a technology alliance that groups together eight Basque technolo-gy centres and accounts for more than 1200 profes-sionals and more than €90M in annual income in R+D+i, which allows it to compete globally.

All of the above means that Tekniker-IK4 is proving to be the ideal partner for businesses that wish to maintain a long-term relationship as tech-nological partners. And it is clear that the objective of this technological excellence and the contribu-tion of added value are improving results

www.tekniker.es

TEKNIKER


The Termocentro Combined Cycle EPC project is one of the most ambitious un-dertakings for the Duro Felguera Power Generation line, since the company from

Asturias (Spain) started working on this type of project at the beginning of the 90’s.

The construction of the plant called El Sitio on a turnkey contract basis, which is a part of the Termocentro Power Generation Complex, is

being carried out 40Km south of Caracas on the Hacienda “El Sitio”, close to the villages of Santa Lucia and Santa Teresa in the Paz Casti-llo Municipality (Miranda State). The site where the complex is being built is an area of around 50.000 m2 within a much larger site which was once a sugar cane hacienda.

This two unit combined cycle plant with a power output of over 1000 MW, will have a multi-shaft (2x(2x1)) configuration made up of four SGT6-5000F gas turbines and two SST-5000 steam turbine generators, all by Siemens. This is the multinational which Duro Felguera has been working with over the last several years on most of its projects in Latin America.

The scope of the project for Duro Felgue-ra as EPC contractor comprises conceptual, basic and detailed engineering, procurement, civil work, construction and commissioning, with full operation expected towards the end of 2013.

Duro Felguera is constructing the largest combined cycle power plant in Venezuela to guarantee electricity supply to Greater Caracas. The “El Sitio” plant, included in the Termocentro Ge-neration Complex, is a project that the Spanish company is executing as EPC contractor for Electricidad de Caracas (EDC), part of Corporación Eléctrica Nacional (CORPOELEC). This project strengthens the position of Duro Felguera as one of the leading groups specialised in the design, supply and construc-tion of combined cycle facilities in Latin America, where it has already executed 28 power generation plants in six countries, with a total of 9000 MW installed.

The Termocentro power generation facility will meet the power demands of Venezuela’s capital, Caracas

Duro Felguera executes its largest power project


The cooling system towers will use pre-treated water from the Guaire River. Effluents from the plant will also be treated before disposal.

Cycle power plant

Federico Álvarez de la Ballina Communication Manager of Duro Felguera

Author

DURO FELGUERA

The Plant is dual type which uses gas as its main fuel but can also use liquid fuels, and so a storage system for medium fuel oil will be installed. The cooling system towers will use pre-treated water from the Guaire River. Effluents from the plant will also be treated before disposal.

Construction started in October 2009 and it is expected that the first gas turbine will go into service under open cycle during the first six months of 2011. It is expected that the first phase of the project will be com-pleted during the second half of 2011 when the other three gas turbines go into commer-cial operation under open cycle.

The second phase of the project (the development from open to combined cycle) will continue immediately afterwards, and the plant is scheduled to go into commer-cial operation towards the end of the year 2013.

A general view from the Termo-centro that will guarantee elec-

tricity supply to Greater Caracas The plant will be located close to

the villages of Santa Lucia and Santa Teresa in the Paz Castillo

Municipality (Miranda State).

TermocentroThe gas turbines are currently being as-sembled given that practically all the open cy-cle phase components have been transferred to the site. The Termocentro power genera-tion complex which includes the plant being constructed by Duro Felguera and another ge-nerating 755 MW, will have four switchyards, 32 Km of 230 kV transmission lines and a 24 Km-long gas pipeline.

Among the benefits to the community asso-ciated with the project, when the complex is up and running, a waste treatment and composting project is being planned so that the local com-munity can make the most of the power gene-ration sub-products and any negative impact on the environment can be minimised

www.durofelguera.com


DURO FELGUERA

The new SUNZET MV range of solar three phase inverters is designed to cover the needs of all grid-connected solar generation plants.

New Sunzet 125 MVModular 3 phase solar inverter for mid voltage grid connected solar generation plants


The Sunzet 125MW combines design and versatility with ease of operation and modularity. It has been specially designed for mid voltage grid connected solar generation plants.

An outstanding feature of Sunzet MV inverters is their 98% efficiency. Another outstanding function is the high-energy efficiency of its MPPT, which is over 99%. Another important feature is its automatic regulation of reactive power and communications tools between it and the centralised supervision and control system. All its parameters are configurable both locally and remotely.

SUNZET inverters operate with an output voltage 3x450 V and comply with R.D. 1578/2008, obligation to support voltage sag not generating danger overvoltages in the disconnection from the electric line.

Features:

• Range of input voltage (350-720 VDC)• Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)• High energy efficiency MPPT > 99%• Very low harmonic distortion, THD < 3%• Selectable power factor• Possibility of unlimited parallel connection• Anti-islanding protection with automatic shut down• Monitoring from front of the unit• Current strings monitoring (with option “string monitor“)• IP21 protection level• Protection against: inverse polarisation, short-circuits, overvoltages,insulation failure with output to relay• Service life of more than 20 years• Automatic reactive energy regulation

C/Portal de Gamarra Nº 28Pol. Industrial de Gamarra 01013 Vitoria Álava, Spain

Tel. +34 945 214 [email protected]

Contact

• PC-based Appletserver programme for displaying parameters,data records, etc.

Zigor Corporación has launched the SUNZET 125 MV solar inverter in Genera, Intersolar and Energaïa trade fairs in 2010

www.zigor.com

ZIGOR

Because the use of circular mechanical transmission, the technology is modular, expandible and adaptable to any roof shape. These technologies have clearly achieved

a significant cost reduction of maintenance and contribute to the marketplace with a new generation of high quality, strong reliability and long lasting roof tracking systems.

SG3 / SG4 TECHNOLOGY

The SG3/SG4 technology uses one single motor to power 2 axis solar tracker by means of mechanics. Furthermore, the mechanical transmission is able to move 20 units, carrying four modules each (80 modules per motor). This technology reduces accuracy on the elevation axis; however a second axis motor is eliminated reducing considerably the number of motors and therefore maintenance, without affecting much 2 axis power generation. An extra feature is added because the use of circular transmission, the system is able to absorb and eliminated the loads and movements generated by winds, in such a way that SOLARTIVA claims the system has a maximum frontal wind speed tolerance of 100 km/h certificated with the EUROCODIC 1 & 3 being able to stand much stronger winds at the safety position.

2SG3 / 2SG4 TECHNOLOGY

The 2SG3/2SG4 is the SOLARTIVA 2010 R&D outcome and the result is a 2 axis solar tracking system, where 2 motors are able to move 20 trackers on the SOLARTIVA solar tracking bases. Getting higher efficiency on the extra power generation as a perfect tracking is achieved by the astronomical

Solartiva Mediterránea SL, based in Valencia, Spain, is a tracker manufacturing company with 3 related roof tracking technologies based on the same principle, ONE single motor to power a considerably amount of trackers by means of transmission.

Tracking technologies for buildings

Latest innovation on tracking systems for roofs

A company with a high knowled-ge on tracking system due to the constant R&D accomplis-hed. Our result is an exclusive

worldwide technology that clearly differs from competitors,

that’s why SOLARTIVA is looking for partners to expand and share

Know-How and technology.

Solartiva

algorithm, opening as well a new niche market for the CPV/CSP technologies on roofs. This new tracker has the same specifications and benefits of the SG4 technology plus the new features added.

SGF TECHNOLOGY

For 2011, SOLARTIVA will release to the marketplace a new tracker for fixed installation. This tracker has 1 axis solar tracking system and daily moves PV modules up and down tracking the sun elevation. Additionally, the new system protects installation from extreme climate conditions like strong winds, hail storms or snow, placing the installation whether up or down safest position. This system is based on the SOLARTIVA principles and one single motor is able to move at least 20kW through mechanical transmission. The uses of gearboxes on the transmission system guarantee the 25 years free maintenance in all the components. This new system will make PV investors think about automating existing and future fix installations as the installed pick power is not reduced by the use of this tracking technology

www.solartiva.com


Technical [email protected]

Contact

SOLARTIVA

Energy projections give similar picture of high enThe electrical grid is tending to be more distributed, intelligent, and flexible. New power electronic equipment will do-

minate the electrical grid in the next decades. The trend of this new grid is to become more and more distributed, and hence the energy generation and consumption areas cannot be conceived separately. Nowadays electrical and energy engineering have to face a new scena-rio in which small distributed power generators and dispersed energy storage devices have to be integrate together into the grid. The new electrical grid, also named smart-grid (SG), will deliver electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology to control appliances at consumer’s homes to save energy, reducing cost and increase reliability and transparency. In this sense, the expected whole energy system will be more interactive, intelligent, and distri-buted.

Microgrids (MG), also named minigrids, are becoming an important concept to integrate DG and energy storage systems. The concept has been developed to cope with the penetration of renewable energy systems, which can be realis-tic if the final user is able to generate, store, con-trol, and manage part of the energy that will be consumed. This change of paradigm, allows the final user to be not only a consumer but also an active part of the grid.

MGs can be conceived to use DC or AC vol-tage in the local grid. Also, there are AC sources or MGs interconnected by means of power elec-tronic interfaces to a DC MG. Thus hybrid DC-

AC MGs are often implemented, introducing the necessity to control the power flow between DC and AC parts. In this sense, it seems reasonable that the DC-MG area can be connected to ener-gy storage systems like batteries, supercapcitors or hydrogen-based fuel cells. Although DC trans-mission and distribution systems for high volta-ge applications are well established, and there is a notable increase of DC MG projects, there are not many studies about the overall control of these systems. On the other hand, AC-MGs should be able to operate both in grid connec-ted and islanded modes. AC-MGs are now in the cutting edge of the state of the art. However, the control and management of such a systems needs still further investigation.

MGs for standalone and grid-connected applications have been considered in the past as separated approaches. Nevertheless, nowadays is necessary to conceive flexible MGs able to operate in both grid-connected and is-landed modes.

Thus, the study of topologies, architectures, planning, and configurations of MGs are neces-sary. This is a great challenge due to the need of integrating different technologies of power electronics, telecommunications, generation and storage energy systems, among others. In addition, islanding detection algorithms for MGs are necessary for ensuring a smooth transition between grid-connected and islan-ded modes. Furthermore, security issues such as fault monitoring, predictive maintenance, or protection are very important regarding MGs feasibility

Global primary energy demand is growing and is likely to con-tinue steadily during the forthcoming years. With the global population set to rise from 7 to 9 billion by 2050, world energy demand is expected to increase by 50% over the next 20 years.

Microgrids. The change of paradigm

Electrical and energy engineering in a new scenario


Josep Maria GuerreroUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaDirector of Renewable Energy Lab. 1B14Compte d’Urgell, 187. 08036 Barcelona (SPAIN)

Tel. +34 934 137 458Fax. +34 934 137 [email protected]

Author

Leading article: MICROGRIDS

Since its beginning, Grupo Clavijo has dou-ble main strategy. First, and R+D+i poli-cy which guidelines are developing lea-dership products and services with high

added value for the PV Sector. And second, to help and support PV Companies becoming more profitable and efficient.

To manage for this strategy, the Company has invested in the last years more than 5 % of the turnover for the Research and innova-tion, and Grupo Clavijo has patented (just for living example) an exclusive and unique Azimu-tal Brake for Tracking Systems, taking advanta-ge with highest proytection in case of sudden strong wind.

In other side, Grupo Clavijo keeps making effort in order to become Global Company, so as an immediate result company presents adapta-bility for the specifical requests of each market and/or customer. The Company supplies for this the widest range of PV Mounting and Tracking Systems in the market, which can be also custo-mized under request:

PV Mounting Systems:-Strong but light material, great optimization-Until 46 Sq. meters. -PV Panels surface-Screw and / or Foundation.

1 Axis Sun Tracking Systems:-Maximum Performance and easy to install-Until 40 Sq. meters. PV Panels surface .-Maximum Zenit Inclination +/- 60º

This spanish company produces the widest range of PV Sun Trac-king Systems (One and Two Axes) and PV Mounting Systems in the Market. Their products are present in Europa and USA.

Photovoltaic sun tracking and fix mounting systems

Grupo Clavijo produces high-tech systems for all kind of solar installations

[email protected] +34 948 645 121

Contact

2 Axis Sun Tracking Systems:-Maximum profitability and performance.-Strenght and reliability-From 30 to 300 Sq. Mts. Panels Surface-Highest precission in tracking (until 0,5º)-Ability to incorporate improvements (monito-ring, shadow control, customized wind manage-ment ,…)

Grupo Clavijo does not just make the de-sign and production of PV Mounting and Trac-king Systems. Under customer request, they can make full service, even before and after the installation, making shadows study, topographic lay-out, monitoring and / or permanente main-tenance of the PV Plant..

2010, Grupo Clavijo has developed impor-tant projects in Greece, Italy or France, in this last country they have installed the biggest PV Solar Plant actually with 33 Mwp

www.grupoclavijo.net


GRUPO CLAVIJO

President Barreda expressed his support and commitment from the autonomous comunity of Castilla La Mancha to the Hellin Energética project:

Hellín Energética began the construction of the thin CIGS pho-tovoltaic module fabrication plant last October 4th 2010 at San Rafael’s industrial area, Sector La Fuente de Hellín, Alba-cete, Spain. Among other personalities, Castilla La Mancha’s President, José Maria Barreda, and Hellín’s mayor, Diego Gar-cía Caro, attended the construction inauguration.

The plant is going to be located in Hellín, within the province of Albacete

Hellín Energética S.L. will introduce the first CIGS module plant in Spain


HELLIN ENERGÉTICA

Castilla La Mancha President atten-ded at Hellin Energética construc-tion inauguration

José María Barreda “Hellín is a good place to in-vest, we won’t disappoint you. We will do everything in our hands to achieve a great future and pro-tect the renewable energy. The efforts on R&D+i are essential and the foundation for the future. It is necessary and indispensable to commit to renewable alternatives. The only way to create jobs is to generate wealth, and businessman are the ones who can make it happen, that’s why we have to support them now. Initiatives like Hellín Energética will make us the spotlight of renewable energy in the world.”

Hellín Energética, that has been wor-king on the project for two years now, is the outcome of an ambitious R&D in-vestment of 89 million Euros backed by the Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda (that funds the project), the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha and the Ministerio de Industria. Their goal is always to obtain high quality photovoltaic module with a high efficiency, low cost and, above all, with a great capacity to adapt to different purposes. Along these lines, the company is already collabora-ting with the Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecno-lógicas (CIEMAT).

Hellín Energética

Hellin Energética is, at present, on the construction stage of the first thin la-

The plant is going to be located in Hellín, province of Albacete

CIGS module plantyer CIGS photovoltaic module fabrication plant, in Hellín (Albacete, Spain). Nowadays there are only 18 factories around the world that make these kind of product, being ours one with the largest capacity, 60/70 MV on its final stage.

The first stage of the plant it’s plan-ned to be running at the end of 2011. This plant will take more than 6.000 m2 for production and will have a capacity of 20 MW annually (282.000 module per year with the 12% of efficiency).

After a period of 24 months on R&D+i, the second stage will take place with the extension of the premises up to 11.000 m2 of production surface and a final pro-duction capacity of 60/70 MW on a total surface area of 22.490 m2. At the begin-ning of this first stage, 875.000 annual


HELLIN ENERGETICA

modules will be produced at a 13,5% of efficiency with the prevision to reach the 15,5% short-term.

Once the plant is running, there is an estimated turnover higher than 70 million Euros per year.

The CIGS Technology

The energy affecting the planet in an hour equals to the energy consumed by the whole human activity in one year.

IEA predicts that, by 2050, the photo-voltaic energy will generate an 11% of the total electricity production (4.500TWh per year), which are 3.000 GW of total power.

EPIA expects the growth of the pho-tovoltaic market up to 14 GW in 2014 in a Moderate Scenario. Under a Supported Scenario, the international market could reach 15.5 GW in 2010, and 30 GW in 2014, which is the 2009 installed power multiplied by 4.

In addition, EPIA also expects an an-nual 25% growth in the production ca-pacity for the thin layer, which would be an increase of 200% between 2009 and 2014.

NREL foresees an evolution of the

different technologies and puts CIGS as the most competitive among thin la-yers.

The CIGS competitiveness is based on its attractive relation cost/efficiency, and an inexistent versatility on other techno-logies.

Thanks to the technological advances and the economies of scale, the photo-voltaic energy will reach grid parity in, at least, 10% of the international market in 2020; and these numbers could grow to 80% in 2030 depending on the technolo-gic advances.

The energy revolution, that leads the thin layer new technology HE is going to introduce in its factory, will change a great number of passive surfaces into sources of clean and competitive energy.

Hellín Energética is the leading Spanish company working on the development of fabrication plants with CIGS technology, and has access to the photovoltaic thin layer business with more competitiveness and growth potential.

The Hellín Energética viewpoint is ba-sed on the conviction that “the develo-pment of the photovoltaic energy goes through the integration of the solar energy on a natural way in every element around


A general view from the Hellín energéticaCIGS plant

Plant sketch

HELLIN ENERGÉTICA

us. With the development of the versati-le energies, the possibilities of using ob-jects and surfaces from our environment to produce energy is endless. Almost any surface exposed to the sun is subject to produce energy.”

Hellín Energética’s main goal is to po-sition itself as the first producer to define, develop and produce products based on the CIGS technology, adapted to the inte-grated market necessities at a worldwide level.

The versatility and adaptability of Hellín Energética’s products are the qualities that open the market to new areas.

The Product

The thin layer CIGS modules have a great versatility and can be applied over diffe-rent surface types. If we say that every surface exposed to the sun is subject to use its energy, the possibilities are almost endless.

The larger and approachable surface volume available for the creation of solar energy is construction. Roofs and faca-des are and will be the next step for this energy’s establishment. This fact makes engineers, architecture studios, govern-ment office, construction companies and promoters potential customers.

Construction of Hellín Energética plant in Hellín, Albacete

The plantMoreover, the photovoltaic windows have recently begun their integration on construction sites, where thin se-mitransparent layer modules take over glass.

These modules can also be applied in the automotive industry, very favou-rable for electric cars, and also can be applied in urban furniture exposed to the sun (parking meters, benches, swings, etc).

We have a very innovative product that opens a wide range of possibilities focused in different areas and indus-tries that haven’t yet been exploited by the photovoltaic. These possibilities will put our feet in the international market’s door

www.hellinenergetica.com


HELLIN ENERGÉTICA

In addition, the teamwork between the engi-neers at the University of Zaragoza and the te-chnical direction of Zytel Automotive Ltd., has resulted in an electric vehicle, viable, economi-

cal, fun and ideal to be driven through the streets and highways of our cities and peoples.

As a company, our goals are to continue im-proving the design and research of electric vehicles using the technology development in advanced traction systems and finally the production of clean vehicles with marketing the second half of 2011 de-voting our product to urban areas with 2 models of 2 and 4 seats.

Developing what would be three lines of ope-ration: the first full development of urban vehicles either for industrial applications such as logistics or captive fleets, the second on the conversion of combustion engine vehicles to electric vehi-cles and last but not least, special purpose vehi-cles.

GORILA VE

The Gorilla is based on a compact design suitable for different types of users looking for an environ-mental improvement while reducing costs asso-ciated with traditional vehicles.

The Gorilla is an ideal car for the city either for professional or personal use. This utility is very economical because it only uses electricity as a power source. Also depending on the rates of utilities maintenance costs can be reduced when the battery recharge rate in valley periods (at-night).

Driving a Gorilla is a relaxing and comfortable experience that has a range of 100 km on a single charge, which is far enough in most cases the mobi-lity of everyday life.

To recharge the battery simply connect the gori-lla into a standard household 100 or 200 volts using the cables supplied with the vehicle.

Automotive Zytel SL is a company based in Zaragoza Spanish capital that is dedicated to making electric cars since early 2008 with full engineering Aragon. It specializes in the design and production of electric cars with different uses. Zytel is for-med through the merger of three companies Zytech Solar S. L., SL Aditral and Francecol Technology, which formed a cluster.

Zytel presents the Gorila and the Zylog electrical vehicles

New electric cars from Zytel automotion S.L


The Gorilla is based on a compact design suitable for different types of users looking for an environmental improvement while reducing costs associated with traditional vehicles.

Gorila EV

ZYTEL

The Gorilla is fully automatic and suitable for everyday traffic in the city, although its speed is limited not cause any problems to be driven on track faster.

BENEFITS Maximum speed: 80 km / h. Range: Approximately 80 - 100 km / h (de-pending on driving style) Maximum gradeability: 20% with a full load Approximate consumption: 240 Wh per km Cost of goods: from 0.02 € per km (depen-ding on electricity rates)

ZYLOG VE

Electrical vehicles of industrial application for logis-tic services

- Zytel Zylog CC, electrical vehicle with solar panels, which it can be used for caterings and ser-vices of rooms in hotel complexes. It has squares for persons, a capacity of load of 360 Kg, and an autonomy without recharges superior to 70 Km, to speed average of 20 Km/h. The engine with a power of 3,8 Kw reaches a maximum speed faith 40 Km/h and works with lead batteries. Manufac-ture and technology 100 % Aragonese.

- Zytel Zylog CCXL, is the same previous mo-del with bigger dimensions. And with a capacity of load of 400 kg. The engine with a power of 4Kw.It reaches a maximum speed of 30 Km./h.

Electrical vehicles of industrial application for logistic services

Zylog EV

ZYTECH GROUP

Zytech Group is a solid corporate grouwith in-ternational presence so much in markets con-solidated like in expansion, and with a wide experience in I+D+i, fundamentally in techno-logies of renewable energies.

•Has a great commitment with the envi-ronment and the sustainable development of the planet, to slant of the promotion and uti-lization of technologies with low or void com-ponent pollutant.

•The human equipment that is employed at the company is highly qualified and has of a high investigative vocation, which he they places as one of the leading companies in his sector.

•Three areas of business on which the Group Zytech centres his activities, are, Solar power, the wind power and the design and investigation of electrical engines for Auto-motion

www.zytel.es


ZYTEL

Our goals are to continue improving the design and research of electric vehicles using the tech-nology development in advanced

traction systems and finally the production of clean vehicles with

marketing the second half of 2011 devoting our product to urban

areas with 2 models of 2 and 4 seats.

Our goals

Acciona has iv About the first project, the Hidroflot Wave Energy Converter (WEC) is a completely ecologically system that ex-tracts energy from waves with high effi-

ciency floating offshore stations. This will be lo-cated few miles offshore for deeps higher than 75 meters.

For many years the company have conduc-ted research activities on wave energy by means of wave reproduction in laboratory tests, using scale models created for analysis. The results obtained have provided us with information that supports the future success of this technological wave energy device.

The aim of the project developed by the company is to design technology and sale it to power production companies, with the product and monitorization services for power parks that generate electricity from ocean waves.

This new technology is based on semi-sub-merged platforms of 16 floaters anchored to sea bottom that produce up to 6 MW of electricity. Therefore, each 8-unit park would generate 50 MW of power, either European or international markets.

Our semi-submerged power stations gene-rate electricity by creating a potential difference between the submerged body and the sliding body of the floater, driven by the waves. The platforms works in waves range between 1.5 to 6 Hs. (High Wave significant). Also the floating platforms can be fully submerged to protect them from storms. In case of major repairs, they can be un-anchored.

But not only is the sea energy on waves. Wind offshore devices are also in the Hidroflot desk boards.

Under Ocean Electric Inc. directives, the te-chnical team are innovating for new floating wind offshore devices for high deep waters. It opens for us a great market due the possibility for production areas on sea deep waters are higher than low deep waters and onshore too.

For example: Spanish market has a great po-tential in offshore wind energy. All installable sea areas are usually placed in 75 to 200 meters deep. The same is applicable around the world.

How it works?

This innovative turbine is designed to work with all kind of manufacturer’s machines and is scala-ble in power. Our New Wind Energy Concept is based in relocate all heavy weight machines like

Hidroflot, S.A. is a Spanish engineering company devoted to the design and promotion of its patented offshore conversion systems. Wave Energy Conversion & Floating Wind Offshore represents two complementary worlds where the company has innovative and profitable designs.

Marine energy projects

Hidroflot technologies


Ricardo PratsGeneral [email protected]

Author

HIDROFLOT

the gearbox and power generator in the bottom wind turbine lowest part.

In our innovation in top of wind turbine are only the rotor blade, horizontal- axis, some electronics, and safety brake system. A special transmission moved by rotor blade drives wind force rotating movement to machinery room located in the turbine bottom place. New te-chnical materials can be possible this working concept.

New wind design offers a machinery room placed under the sea surface level. All heavy ma-chines in the bottom level offers stability and well balanced device. In that way down considerably the gravity center and it results a several advan-tages and low costs for installation, operation, access and maintenance. This patented design offers for floating turbines great advantages rela-ted with stability.

The application for our technology is targe-ting in offshore wind energy, but also is appli-cable in onshore (grounding) wind machines, reducing costs in infrastructures, installation & maintenance.

This floating offshore wind energy are de-signed for a high deep waters and has many

The innovative turbine is de-signed to work with all kind of

manufacturer’s machines and is scalable in power.

Turbinecoincidences with offshore wave energy, like a anchoring systems, power output cable, peo-ple access, maintenances, monitorization and more. That’s it we make the most knowledge in marine energy to have success in booth pro-jects.

Opportunity for expansion & Aim of projects:

The aim is to create new emerging industries around marine energy and contribute to reduce CO2 emissions in compromise with internatio-nal carbon reduction agreements.

Hidroflot are focused at international mar-ket and this marine technology can be applied on thousands machines in a short future. The company are looking for partners and offers collaboration agreement to develop technolo-gy building demonstrative true scale projects and starts in the commercial phase with strong investors companies focused in international market

www.hidroflot.com


HIDROFLOT

Nowadays Nuclear power meets these needs and this is reflected in the information collec-ted by the International Atomic Energy Agen-cy. Worldwide there are 441 operating nuclear

reactors, which generate the 17% of the world’s electricity. In these moments, 65 units are under construction. These facts above demonstrate that the nuclear commitment and support has become increasingly evident to this energy source by many countries around the world with governments of di-fferent signs.

Specifically, nuclear energy is being reinfor-ced in the European Union, since it has become a source that provides high availability and sta-bility without emitting CO2.

Therefore, the countries which generate a higher volume of nuclear energy are in the Eu-ropean Union. The EU is the region with a hig-her number of reactors in the world, nowadays there’ll be 145 units in operation. There is a new way to fight climate change that makes nuclear energy a basic key to provide stability to the electrical system as a complementary source for renewable energies. In this 2011 there are six reactors under construction, two in Bulgaria, two in the Slovak Republic and one in both Fin-land and France.

A long term operation Precisely in France, where the 76% of the electricity comes from nuclear plants, a third generation reactor is being constructed and it’s going to be one of the 59 nuclear reactors in operation. By the year 2012 it’s planned to construct another third generation reactor that will become operational in 2017.

Finland, with four operating units which

produce 30% of its electricity, is also building a new third generation reactor. In this way, last summer the Finnish parliament approved the construction of two new nuclear reactors. Meanwhile, the United Kingdom, which has 19 reactors in operation, is studying eight poten-tial locations and two reactor designs for its new plants to start operating in the year 2018. The UK’s goal is to replace old reactors within 10 years.

Another key country in the EU, Italy, has

signed agreements with other European coun-tries such as France to reintroduce the nuclear

Nowadays we are witnessing a visible and clear global nuclear development driven by three basic needs: supply a growing de-mand-especially in emerging countries-, reduce dependence on foreign energy and decrease pollutant emissions.

A long term operation

A nuclear power boost at global scale


Maria Teresa DomínguezPresident of Foro de la IndustriaNuclearcomunicació[email protected]

Author

Leading article: FORO NUCLEAR

technology among its territory. Italy’s goal is to reduce the current high prices of their electricity. Poland, an emerging member of the EU and which has never had this techno-logy, is considering to introduce the nuclear energy in the year 2020 due to his excessive dependence on the energy from coal combus-tion.

Switzerland, the United States, Holland,

Belgium and, more recently, Germany have decided to operate its reactors in a long term plan with all security guarantees. For example, the Belgian government’s decision to opera-te in a long-term plan three of its seven nu-clear reactors reflects the need of this kind of energy, which produces more than the 50% of the electricity consumed in the country. Pre-vious studies showed that the maintenance of these reactors in a long term plan was a ne-cessary decision in the way not to jeopardize the security of electric energy supply and to reduce the country’s greenhouse gases emis-sions.

Recently, Germany, after a review of its

energetic situation and the environmental and energy planning for the future, has ap-proved the long-term operation of its 17 nu-clear reactors for the next 12 years. In the German country, the 26% of their electrici-ty comes from nuclear energy. Germany, as well as other neighbouring countries, is res-ponding to the energetic and environmental challenges through detailed studies, correc-tions from energy strategies from the past and agreements between different political groups.

To sum up, after reviewing its energy po-licies based on technical studies and reports and leaving prejudices aside, it is coming to the conclusion that nuclear energy is neces-sary in the electricity mix.

In Spain, where there is an external de-

pendency on fossil fuels higher than the ave-rage of the European Union and where exists a commitment to decrease polluting emissions, it’s essential to have nuclear energy, a power source that in 2010 has produced 20.21% of the electricity without polluting the atmosphe-re. Nuclear energy also provides stability to the electrical system as it is the source that works more hours per year.Therefore, it is ne-cessary to operate the eight long-term Spa-

Various turbines operating in a Nuclear Central

Turbines

nish nuclear reactors maintaining the optimal security conditions and boosting this source that meets the three basic requirements for a balanced power system: respect for the envi-ronment, availability and security of electricity supply.

Spanish nuclear industry is ready for the

nuclear boost that the contry needs. Spain participates actively in the worldwide develop-ment ofnuclear executing studies, projects and supplying simulators, inspection equipments and training. Spanish companies export com-bustible, components for new plants and repla-ce old equipments and also make the provision of engineering, parts, components and fuel to maintain in a perfect condition the Spanish reactors operating nowadays.

Nuclear plants are a safe, stable and re-liable electricity source and have to remain becoming a part of the present and future electricity mix of our country. Other countries, perhaps with less energy and environmental problems, have already decided it and Spain can not be left behind

www.foronuclear.org


FORO NUCLEAR

The IAB coordinates and promotes the collaboration of all implicated agents in the biotechnological sector, optimizing available resources in this region. Current

strategic lines of action in Andalusia being promoted by IAB are as follows:

- Searching for biotechnological solutions to environmental problems derived from the food-processing industry.

- Stirring the aquaculture sector.

- Development of the bioenergetics industry.

- Assuring the traceability and food safety.

- Development of functional foods.

Services

The Andalusian Institute of Biotechnolo-gy offers all agents of the biotechnological sector, a set of services aimed at promo-ting biotechnology in Andalusia:

- Participating in the elaboration of Action Plans in Biotechnology.

- Elaborating reports on status of the Biotechnological Sector.

- Promoting and dynamizing the transfer of biotechnological techniques.

- Serving as back-up and support of re-search groups.

- Elaboration and difussion of technical specialties of research groups and patent technical specifications.

- Helping in the search and member se-lection for business opportunities.

- Spreading and promoting the Biotechno-logical Sector in Andalusia: Conferences, Courses, Events, etc.

Action areas

The IAB is focused mainly on three areas of action. The first of these, Research and De-velopment, encourages investment of public and private funds for the development of multidisciplinary research projects in biotech-nology.

The second, Training, focuses on the orga-nization and collaboration in courses, seminars, events and meetings between companies and research professionals, development and inno-vation in the field of biotechnology.

The Andalusian Institute of Biotechnology (IAB) is an an-dalusian governmental agency, which belongs to the Regio-nal Department of Economy, Innovation and Science, having among his objectives to promote and dynamize Biotechno-logy in Andalusia from fields of Investigation, Technology Transfer and Enterprises.

The IAB currently includes 60 Andalusian research groups

Andalusian Institute of Biotechnology (IAB)


IAB

In addition, the IAB is involved educatio-nal programs at different scales, e.g. Expert, Master and Ph. D. degrees in Biotechnolo-gy.

Third, Information, translates into provi-ding computer support and documentation for access to databases of researchers, en-terprises, technology needs and funding op-portunities in the field of biotechnology, and informing the Andalusian society of achieve-ments and challenges of activities in biote-chnology.

Scientific-technical production

The Andalusian Institute of Biotechnology currently includes 60 Andalusian Research Groups, belonging to all Andalusian Universi-ties, as well as to the Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Investigation and Ecological Pro-duction (IFAPA) and to CSIC, agglutinating the greatest effort in scientific knowledge in the area of Biotechnology in Andalusia.

Most Research Groups Attached to the IAB, are located in the Andalusian provinces of Granada, Malaga and Sevilla, all located in Southern Spain.

Main areas and research lines

Agriculture / Forestry:

- Horticultural breeding: strawberry, to-mato, olive, tropical fruit trees, etc…

- Plant diseases control and diagnosis.

- Plants as biofactories for production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

Stockbreeding / Aquaculture:

- Methods of detection and diagnosis of illnesses.

- Beneficial enriched foodstuff for the health.

- Improvement of quality and productivi-ty of aquícole species: golden and flatfis-hes.

Parque Tecnológico AndalucíaEd. Institutos Universitarios de

Investigación. c/Severo Ochoa, 4.29590 Campanillas

Málaga, Spain

Tel. +34 952 134 [email protected]

Contact

Diet:

- Obtainment of additives and ingredients beneficial for the health.

- Traceability and security of the foods-tuff.

- Optimization of the manufacturing pro-cesses of foodstuff and drinks.

- Acquirement of new foodstuff and drinks.

- Industrial yeast improvement: brewers, etc…

Health:

- Investigation in degenerative diseases and in novel drugs.

- Methods for detection and diagnosis of illnesses.

- Regenerative medicine.

- Obtainment of molecules of clinical or pharmacological interest.

Environment and Energy:

- Biological recovery and decontamina-tion of soils and waters.

- Elimination of metals with plants.

- Obtainment of biofertilizers.

- Obtaining of biofuels.

Biocomputer science:

- Software development, biochips, etc…

www.iab.cica.es


IAB

Last year, Heliosolar initiated its entry into the Italian photovoltaic market by means of SOGEF, and Italian company owned by the group. In this way, it is participating in

the tremendous growth in the photovoltaic so-lar energy sector in this country. In fact, Helio-solar is currently developing projects of more than 150 Mw in different parts of Italy, concen-trating a large proportion of their installations in the Campania and Puglia regions. Similarly, Heliosolar is planning to enter the French mar-ket through direct collaboration with consoli-dated companies in France.

To facilitate promotion and sale of their installations, Heliosolar has established firm cooperation agreements with leading solar panel manufacturers in Europe and China and with European Investment Funds meaning that they are able to totally guarantee the viability of functioning projects.

Heliosolar is a dynamic company, mana-ging the entire value chain relating to photo-voltaic installations: from finding new sites, to technical, administrative and financial mana-gement of connection to the grid, to design engineering and construction and to the fi-nal sale of the installation. In order to gua-rantee turnkey projects, Heliosolar provides a Heliopark Maintenance Department. This department, with specialized staff and tech-nical equipment provides immediate on-line incident support.

Heliosolar’s involvement in this energy sector results in their active participation in efforts to reduce the costs of these installa-tions, in order to make them economically viable with respect to the cost of energy pro-duction: the ultimate goal being to compete with the market price within a maximum pe-riod of two years.

In order to do this, the Group Technical Office has designed a solar tracking pivot which increases the production of each panel

Currently, numerous installations situated in different parts of Spain can provide 14 Mw. Output is higher than initially pre-dicted and the plants are working in a way which guarantees a satisfactory return on investments.

Spanish company dedicated to the design, construction, promotion and maintenance of Helioparks

Heliosolar. Growing in Spain, Italy and France


Heliosolar CEO and Director of engineering and R+D

David Ochoa &Susana Lizarraga

HELIOSOLAR

by 25%. They have also designed other safe-ty and control mechanisms which also lead to a reduction in investment costs.

Heliosolar’s activities extend to various renewable energy production methods. Re-garding solar photovoltaic energy, they in-clude fixed structures, single and dual solar tracking systems, greenhouses and rooftops and with respect to Biogas, they include pro-duction plants which convert organic waste into energy.

David Ochoa. Heliosolar CEO.

The photovoltaic sector is expanding all over the world and Heliosolar will be participa-ting in this growth using its experience, its own teams and the ability to maintain the installations for the length of their useful life.

We are a young company where the ave-rage age of our staff is 30 years. This gives us a dynamic spirit, able to adapt to the diffe-rent circumstances of each project and with a vocation for growth and expansion which up to now, knows no bounds.

Heliosolar has already become a Euro-pean group of companies and for this reason the need to guarantee exceptional quality is

A general view from a Heliosolar Heliopark

located in Viana

Helioparkan indispensable requisite for our work. In-deed, our business predictions for 2010 ex-ceed 250 million euros.

Susana Lizarraga. Director of Engineering and R+D

The design of a Heliopark right from its initial stages is an added advantage with regards to increased productivity of the installation. Ground photovoltaic installations should be totally adapted to the terrain, should gua-rantee environmental friendliness and should facilitate technical maintenance and safety. This is why we are constantly looking for te-chnical innovation and development of our tools.

Our Technology Office has developed new construction methods for Helioparks in order to reduce investment costs and com-pete with the market price for the energy produced

www.heliosolar.es


HELIOSOLAR

Secaderos de Biomasa, S.A. (SEDEBISA) is in charge of all processes for obtaining olive kernel oil. This includes storing the pomace (crushed pits and flesh) in basins

and obtaining two types of olive pomace oil: one from centrifugation and the other from a chemical extraction process.

Compañía Energética Pata de Mulo, S.A. (CEPALO) operates the olive waste treatment and reduction plant. For this function, a com-bined-cycle cogeneration plant, equipped with a 13-MW gas-turbine, a heat-recovery boiler and a 4.4-MW steam turbine, has been built. The flue gas from the gas turbine is employed in the pomace dryers, which also form part of the com-plex.

Biomasas de Puente Genil, S.A. operates the biomass waste-to-energy plant which is fuelled with the remains of the olive pulp after the pomace oil has been obtained. This plant comprises basically a biomass boiler and a 9.6 MW steam turbine.

These plants, designed, built and delivered turnkey by the engineering firm Iberese (part of the Sacyr-Vallehermoso Group) are described, along with their equipment and the operation systems, in the following report.

The ProjectThe SEDEBISA project is part of the Pomace-Oil Pro-duction Modernisation Plan, an initiative of the Ener-gy Development Agency of Andalusia and the Natio-nal Pomace-Oil Extractors’ Association.

The project contemplated designing and building a facility capable of processing between 150,000 and 300,000 t per year of pomace oil, including the necessary storage, kernel oil production equip-ment and the necessary facilities to meet the heat and electrical demands of the processes involved and produce additional electricity to be exported to the grid.

The design contemplates employing the flue gas from a gas turbine to feed a biomass boiler to produced steam to drive a steam turbine.

The locationThe plant complex is strategically located amidst a high concentration of olive orchards and oil mills, for which it provides a solution to one of the most serious problems in the area, the accumulation of olive-oil waste. The location was also chosen because the water supply from the Genil-Cabra Irrigation Canal ensures the necessary sustained source of biomass for continual operation of the plant over time and guarantees the water supply to the plant itself.

In the town of Puente Genil (Córdoba), Valoriza Energía, a com-pany in the Sacyr-Vallehermoso Group, developed and started up a state-of-the-art waste-to-energy facility employing bio-mass from the olive-oil industry, with the support of a high-efficiency cogeneration plant. This complex is operated by a consortium of three companies, of which Valoriza Energía is the majority shareholder. The associated companies carry out separate activities.

A high-tech plant for integral processing and waste-to-ener-gy conversion of olive-oil industry by-products

A high-tech plant where olives become energy


Marcos Martín Larrañ[email protected]

Author

AVEBIOM

In addition, a branch of the Gas Natural pi-peline, from the nearby main Tarifa-Córdoba line, meets the gas demand. Overhead power lines and a substation located close to the facility were also taken into account when choosing the location.

Extractor plantThe oil extractor plant processes 833 t/day of wet olive pomace, over the six-month season, which be-gins with the harvesting of the olives (December) and ends when the processing of the raw material has been completed, in April or May each year.

StorageThe industrial process begins with the storage of the pomace in basins. Three basins are installed at the plant. Basins 1 and 2 have a capacity of 75,000 and 80,000 m3 respectively. Basin 3, for the daily supply, contains up to 2000 m3.

Pitting plantBefore the mash is submitted to the various ex-traction processes carried out at the plant, the pits are removed by means of a 1000 t/day pit-ting machine, to obtain a high LCV, clean and easy to use fuel.

Second pressing Once this process is completed, and before the mash is sent to the drying plant, it undergoes a second pressing. The resulting top-grade oil, pro-duced by purely physical means, is sold on the market.

DryersThree dryers, of the trommel type, of a total maxi-mum water evaporation capacity of 21,000 kg/h, are installed. As previously indicated, the heat from the flue gas from the gas turbine installed in the cogeneration plant is used to dry the oli-ve mash. The average initial relative humidity is 65%, which is reduced to 10% in the drying pro-cess.

The correct drying operation requires a low temperature range (300-350ºC) at the admission section of the dryer, a single passage through the trommel and the use of a conditioner product. The final result is a high thermal efficiency and an im-proved production rate.

GranulatorThe oily mash removed from the dryers is granula-ted in a plant of a processing capacity of between 400 and 500 t/day before it is sent on to the extractor plant.

The plant complex is strategically located amidst a high concentra-

tion of olive orchards and oil mills, for which it provides a solution to one of the most serious problems

in the area, the accumulation of olive-oil waste. The location was

also chosen because the water supply from the Genil-Cabra Irri-gation Canal ensures the neces-

sary sustained source of biomass for continual operation.

Puente GenilExtractionThe extraction process is carried out in a conti-nual-operation plant, producing 400 t/day. One of its special features is that hexane is air-conden-sed, which reduces water consumption in the coo-ling process. The residue meal from this process is used to feed the biomass boiler.

Cogeneration plantThe mission of the CHP plant, developed and operated by Compañía Energética Pata de Mulo (CEPALO), is to use the flue gas from the gas tur-bine to heat the dryers, supplied by the company Secaderos de Biomasa (SEDEBISA). In addition, electricity is generated by means of an alterna-tor coupled to each of the turbines, to meet the consumption demand of the plant and supply to the grid.

The CHP plant consists of a gas and a steam turbine operating in a combined cycle. Most of the gas turbine flue gas is used to dry the wet olive mash, which is the raw material for the olive kernel extractor. The flue gas of the CHP plant is also used to process the effluents from the su-rrounding oil mills, which are also burned in the boiler and employed in the power generating pro-cess.

Part of the gas is sent to a heat recovery boiler in which superheated steam is raised. This steam is sent to the steam turbine enabling the cycle to reach efficiency in excess of 40%.


AVEBIOM

Gas turbogeneratorA 14.3-MW Turbomach gas turbogenerator, Model TMB-T130, is installed. Its main com-ponent is a Solar Titan 130 industrial gas tur-bine. Its main characteristics are:

Rated power14,250 kWFuel consumption40,714 kWElectric efficiency35 %Exhaust gas flow49.75 kg/secExhaust gas temp482 ºCOutput voltage11 kV

The package includes a 14-stage, axial-flow air compressor that supplies compressed air to the combustion chamber. The gas produced in the natural-gas combustion process is expanded in the power turbine.

Through a reduction gear, the single turbine shaft drives a 16-MVA Leroy Somer alternator that generates electricity at 11-kV.

The flue gas is sent directly, on parallel lines, to the dryers and the recovery boiler. A by-pass for the exhaust gas is installed between the gas turbine and the boiler.

The electricity generated is sent to the grid through a substation where the voltage is raised from the 11-kV generation voltage to the of 132-kV grid voltage.

Flue gas pipelines and valvesTwo pipelines carry the turbine flue gas to the dryers and boiler. They are arranged so that the gas flow is distributed to the boiler or directly to the dryers, as needed, and is controlled by means of two gates that are regulated in function of the temperature of the mixture at the inlet into the dryers.

A by-pass flue is installed at the gas-turbine outlet to release the gas directly into the atmos-phere during starting or in emergency situations. It is fitted with an exhaust silencer, with mineral wool as absorption material.

All the gas ducts are fitted with butterfly valves, with air driven aluminium body actuators, to modu-late and regulate the gas flow to the different sys-tems: recovery boiler, by-pass or dryers.

Heat recovery boilerPart or all (in function of the dryer demand) of the 530º C flue gas is sent to a heat recovery boi-ler. This boiler, supplied by GEA Ibérica, has a rated steam production of 20,000 kg/h at a pressure of 40 bar (a) and a steam temperature of 400º C and a feed-water temperature of 105º C.

Steam turbogeneratorNavantia (formerly IZAR), supplied two condensing steam turbines, one for the CHP plant and the other for the biomass-fuelled power-generating plant. These multi-stage turbines, built from a Mitsubishi design, yield an optimum electricity production over the year for the main steam conditions defined. Their construction features are common. Their special characteristics include their power outputs of 4460 kW from the CHP plant turbine and 9820 kW from the biomass-plant turbine.

An air condenser common to both turbines, capable of generating a vacuum of 0.08 bar (a) with both turbogenerators in operation, is insta-lled. The main specifications of the CHP-plant tur-bine are as follows:

Maximum power output 4460 kWSteam admission pressure 40 bar (a)Admission temperature 400º CMaximum steam admission flow20,000 kg/hExhaust steam pressure0.08 bar (a)


Pits are removed by means of a 1000 t/day pitting machine, to obtain a high LCV, clean and easy to use fuel.

Olive pits

AVEBIOM

Turbine speed 8760 rpmAlternator speed 1500 rpm

The turbogenerating set includes a synchro-nous Indar alternator of an output of 5575 kVA, generating at a voltage of 11 kV. The feed water network and the steam network connect and in-tegrate the recovery boiler and the steam turbine systems and circuits.

Biomass-fired power plantThe main elements of the power-generating plant installed at this complex include an oscillating-grate steam generator, mainly fuelled with olive mash, and a condensing steam turbogenerator. The main features of the cycle are:

Fuel availability 82,800 t/yearTime in operation 8000 h/yearFuel consumption 36,661 t/h Turbine power output 10,235 kWAverage power rating of auxiliaries 921 kWGross efficiency 24%Net efficiency 21.8%

Biomass boilerThe biomass fuelled steam generator was designed, supplied and erected by the company Standard Bio-mass. It is of the vertical, water tube, radiant type, with membrane piping. The boiler is designed to burn olive meal, along with other biomass, such as olive orchard prunings, cotton plants and energy crops.

The boiler burns approximately 10,350 kg/h for a net steam production of 41.6 t/h running con-tinually at a pressure of 42 bar (a) and a tempera-ture of 403º C. The steam is sent to a turbine in which it is expanded to 0.1 bar (a) except for an un-controlled extraction of 2 t/h at 3 bar (a), to supply the degasifier of the steam cycle. The boiler has an availability of 7800 h/year at full load.

The combustion system employs a hydraulic os-cillating grate in conjunction with biomass spreader feeders that cast the fuel onto the hearth for sus-pension firing to produce uniform combustion. The biggest and moistest particles burn on the grate.

Before the mash is sent to the drying plant, it undergoes a

second pressing. The resulting top-grade oil, produced by purely

physical means, is sold on the market.

Process

Ash is removed automatically from underneath the grate and subsequent gas passages. The ash collector is of the redler type, with a water-flooded chamber for efficient ash cooling.

The boiler is equipped with a Siemens Si-matic S7 + Scada control system that controls the boiler load, level, superheated steam tem-perature, etc. All the gas and steam pressure and temperature levels can be viewed on a screen.

Gas scrubber systemTo comply with the gas emissions limitations stipula-ted in EU and local standards, the boiler is fitted with a gas purification system consisting of a Fivepulse bag filter, supplied by Fivemasa, with 1322 filtrating elements and a spark extinguisher.

The filter is formed by eight isolated cham-bers or compartments with valves at their inlets and outlets. The bags can be cleaned on line or off line. They are based on GORE-TEX™ ePTFE laminate technology, and respond to different needs in the combustion gas scrubbing pro-cess.

The filter hoppers are fitted with an electric heating system. The discharge system includes electric heating and thermal insulation to avoid condensation.

Steam turbogeneratorThe steam raised in the boiler is used to move the tur-bine that in turn drives an alternator to generate elec-tricity. The main specifications of the generator are:

Maximum power output 9820 kWAdmission steam pressure40 bar (a)Admission temperature 400 ºCMax. flow of admission steam 41,600 kg/hExhaust steam pressure0.08 bar (a)Turbine speed 6052 rpmAlternator speed 1500 rpm

Indar supplied a 12,275 kVA self-excited, brus-hless alternator fitted with an automatic voltage regulator. As previously mentioned, this alternator generates at 11 kW, with a power factor of 0.9.


AVEBIOM

COMMON SYSTEMS

Air condenserThe initial plant design contemplated condensing the steam cycles with water in a cooling tower system. The water employed was to come from the Genil-Cabra Irrigation Canal. However, the characteristics of the water in the Canal made it necessary to modify the system proposed. After studying several alternatives, an air-cooled con-densing system was finally installed.

The air condenser, which services both of the steam turbines, has an exchange surface of 90,000 sq m and admits a steam flow of 61,600 kg/h with an enthalpy of 2299 kJ/kg. The whole condensing system was designed and installed by the firm GEA Ibérica.The turbine outlet steam is condensed in 42 finned-pipe bundles, to increase the transmission area.

The system also includes condensate tanks and pumps, steam inlet and distribution pipes and wind traps to prevent recirculation. It is mounted on a galvanised structure equipped with service and maintenance ladders and platforms.

Water treatment plantThe water treatment plant, designed and supplied by Sadyt (of the Sacyr-Vallehermoso Group), is a double passage reverse osmosis plant with an electro de-ionisation (EDI) system. A brine con-centrator is installed to minimise the reject. In function of the different seasonal operating mo-des, the plant’s osmotised demineralised feed-water capacity is 3.5 m3/h.

A feed water/degasifier tank is also installed for topping-up the boiler feeding system, degasi-fying the water/steam cycles and for storage of the feeding water of the three boilers: CHP, biomass and oil extraction.

The reject from the reverse osmosis plant (which varies depending on the intake water), along with the boiler drainage water and the reject from the treatment plant of the water eliminated from the oil extractor, are managed integrally and automatically controlled to guarantee compliance with the water quality standards in force for water dumped into a public water source.

Electrical installationAs already mentioned in previous chapters of this report, there are three electric power generators in the Puente Genil plant:

•Gas turbine driven 14,250 kW alternator •Steam turbine driven 4,460 kW (CHP plant) •Steam turbine driven 10,235 kW (biomass boiler)

All of them produce electricity at an output voltage of 11 kV. A transformer plant to raise the voltage of the electricity produced to the 132 kV required to power the dryers and other con-sumers in the plant is installed. This is also the voltage of the interconnection with the public grid.

This high voltage facility is equipped to ma-nage the electricity produced by the gas and steam turbogenerators. The three generators are connected to the 132 kV bus bar through boos-ter transformers of a ratio of 11/132 kV. The in-terconnection of the turbogenerators to the grid takes place through a single automatic switch located on the 132 kV side of the transformer. This switch is common to all of the generators, both in the CPH plant and the biomass fuelled plant.

The medium voltage grid (11 kV) connects the electrical output of the two turbo-generating sets of the CHP plant (gas and steam) and the turbo-generating set using the steam produced in the biomass plant.

Both plants are arranged with automatic synchronisation for each generator, along with synchronism check relays, in order to guarantee adequate coupling operations. Circuit breakers are installed to guarantee that the grid switch is cut off in case of a failure in the grid or the plant. There is also a low voltage grid (440V) for supplying electricity to auxiliary equipment. This is fed by a 11,000V/440V, 1250 kVA trans-former.

ENVIROMENTAL ISSSUES

EmissionsThe only emissions from the cogeneration plant are gases free of smoke, odours, mist or air-born dust. The fuel burned in the plant (natural gas) is also free of sulphur. Therefore the only pollutants present in these gas emissions are nitrogen oxide in its different forms (NOx) and unburned gas (CO). None of the emissions levels exceed the limits established by the applicable standards.

Even in starting or emergency operating mo-des (flue gas from the turbine directly sent to


Asociación Española de Valori-zación Energética de la Biomasa (AVEBIOM)C/ Fray Luis de León, 22, Patio de las Columnas.47002 Valladolid

Tel. +34 983 300 150Fax.+34 983 396 [email protected]

Contact

AVEBIOM

the atmosphere through the by-pass duct), the emission values are in strict compliance with the established limits:

•CO, under 76 mg/Nm3

•NOx, under 288 mg/Nm3

•Opacity, Bacharach index, under 1

In normal operation (flue gas to dryers and to the heat recovery boiler, cold exhaust gases to the atmosphere) the gas emission levels are under those produced in starting or emergency conditions.

The 27-m by-pass flue complies with the height requirement for emissions and the plume concept established in the legislation in force. Likewise the boiler smokestack exceeds the re-quired minimum height.

The boiler gas scrubbing system in the power generating plant is based on a bag filter system, as described earlier in this report. And, in this case, too, the stack exceeds the minimum requi-red height.

Noise and vibrationsThe cogeneration facility produces noise at three different points:

•Combustion chamber air intake system •By-pass smokestack •Turbine

To attenuate the noise level, a filter is fitted onto the combustion-air intake system. The tur-bines are enclosed in an acoustic envelop and mufflers are fitted to the combustion-air pipelines. Mufflers are also fitted to the inlets and outlets of the gas-turbogenerator fans and on the by-pass smokestack of each fan.

The three turbines are supported by in-dependent foundations that transmit to the ground the stresses of the power generation process. All three are supported by resilient mountings to avoid transmitting vibrations to the ground.

Solid wasteThe biomass combustion process in the gene-rating plant produces ash, which is conside-red inert and is removed from the premises in trucks.

The main elements of the power-generating plant installed at this

complex include an oscillating-gra-te steam generator, mainly fuelled with olive mash, and a condensing

steam turbogenerator.

Biomass-fired plant

Fire and gas-leak prevention and control measuresDue to the continual supply of gas and the high-voltage apparatus (transformers, cabinets, etc.) ins-talled on the premises, various measures to prevent and control fires and gas leaks have been imple-mented. They include:

•Gas detection and ventilation system in the tur-bogenerator packaging

•Smoke detection system in the electricity-gene-rating and control rooms •Portable CO2 and powder extinguishers in the rest of the buildings and spaces

•The gas turbine is equipped with an automatic fire detection and extinguishing system and two automatic gas detectors are installed inside of the turbine package


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