Juli Keith

Spanish 3 Grammar Book 2nd Semester

 Conditional + irregulars Perfect Tenses

 Present Past Present perfect irregulars Subjunctive perfect

Tanto and Tan Impersonal ‘se’ Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos

Informal/Formal Affirmative Negative Irregular DOP and IOP placement

Table of Contents

Nosotros Command Mono

Subjunctive and irregulars Trigger phrases

Impersonal expressions Expressions of emotion Conjunctions of time

Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns

Would, should, could, must have, wondered if, probably was

ía íamos infinitive + ending

ías

ía ían

Conditional Tense

Ex: Si pudiera comer, comería las galletasIf I could eat, I would eat the cookies

Terminaría mi tareaI should finish my homework

Add conditional endings to the irregular stems (same ones as future)

Ex: Vendría a tu fiesta, pero tengo mucho tarea

I would come to your party, but I have a lot of homework

Conditional Irregulares

Perfect Tense

Present Perfect

Ex:He comido una hamburguesaI just ate a hamburger

Auxiliary verb “had” (haber) + past participle Había Habías Había Habíamos ------ habían

Past Perfect

Ex: Ella había aprendido muchoShe had learned a lot

Abrir- abierto

Cubrir- cubierto

Decir- dicho

Escribir- escrito

Hacer- hecho

Morir- muerto

Poner- puesto

Resolver- resueto

Romper- roto

Present Participle Irregulars

Ver- vistoVolver- vueltoIr-ido

Used when a verb or expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect

Indicates the action as completed with governing verbs in the present or future tense or command forms Haya Hayas Haya Hayamos hayan

Perfect Subjunctive

Ex: Dudo que lo hayas hechoI doubt that you did it

Tan

Used for comparisons of equality using adjectives and adverbs

Tan+ adv/adj + como

Ex: Juan es tan alto como Cynthia

Tanto

Used for comparisons of equality with nouns

Tanto/a/os/as + noun + como

Ex: Katie tiene tanta tarea como su hermana

Tan and Tanto

❈ Use the impersonal se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb

❈ Verb is ALWAYS 3rd person

❈ Se can be used in all tenses

❈ Ex: Se habla español aquí

❈ One speaks Spanish here

❈ Ex: ¿Cómo se dice?

❈ How does one say?

Impersonal Se

Saber: To know information/facts/knowledge/ how to do something Ex: Sé español. I

know Spanish.

Conocer: To know a person, place or literary work Conozco Pablo. I

know Pablo.

Saber vs. Conocer

sé

sabessabe

sabemos

saben

conozco

conocesconocen

conocemos

conocen

Informal/ Formal Commands: Affirmative

EX Informal: Come tu hamburguesa

Ex Formal: Coma su hamburguesa

Informal/Formal Commands: Negative

Ex Informal: No lo bebasDon’t drink it

Ex Formal: No lo bebaDon’t drink it

In formal commands, the verb conjugation stays the same to make it negative. Just add a “no” before it

Informal Commands: Irregulars

Ex: Sal ahoraLeave now Ex: no lo tenga

Don’t have it

Formal Irregular Commands

Affirmative

Attach object pronouns directly to the end of the command and add an accent where stress is needed Cómpralo

If both direct and indirect object pronouns are attached, the indirect object pronoun comes 1st Cómpremelo usted

Negative

Object pronouns come before the command, after the “no” No lo compras

If both DOP and IOP are present, IOP DOP command No me lo compre

DOP and IOP placement

Put it in the 1st person present tense, drop the “o”, and add the opposite nosotros ending

Correr --> corramos

Mono commands

With reflexive verbs, you drop the final “S” of the command form before attaching the reflexive pronoun

Levantemos levantémonos

Nosotros Commands

Subjunctive

Irregulars

(Same as formal command irregulars- TVDISHES)

also car, gar, zars

Dar Dé Des Dé Demos den

Estar Esté Estés Esté Estemos Estén

Haber Haya Hayas Haya Hayamos hayan

Ir Vaya Vayas Vaya Vayamos Vayan

Saber Sepa Sepas Sepa Sepamos Sepan

Ser Sea Seas Sea Seamos sean

Impersonal Expressions

Use a subjunctive after an impersonal expression such as but not limited to the ones to the left

Ex: Es necesario que reciba un 100% en esta proyecto

Indicate fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise or other sentiments or biases

Expressions of Emotion

Ojalá que… I hope that

Es bueno que… it’s good that

Es raro que… it’s strange that

Temo que… I fear that

Es preferible que… it’s preferable that

Sentir que… to be sorry/pity that

Tengo miedo de que… I am afraid that

Alegrarse de que… to be happy that

Es peor que… it’s worse that

Me alegro de que… I am happy that

Es justo que… it’s fair that

Es mejor que… it’s better that

Conjunctures of Time

Ex: Estudié hasta que comí cena. Estudia hasta que coma cena.I studied until I ate dinner. Study until you eat dinner.

Estudio hasta que como cena. Estudiaré hasta que comerá cena.I (usually) study until I eat dinner. I will study until I eat dinner.

- always agree in gender and number with the noun they modify/ replace

- Adjectives always come in front of the noun they modify

To make it a pronoun, put an accent over the 1st e!

Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns