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SP3H Grammar BookJulio ChuppTable of ContentsImperfectPreteritePor y ParaStressed Possessive adjectives & pronounsUsted & ustedes commandsPresent subjunctiveSubjunctive with verbs of will & influenceSubjunctive with verbs of emotionSubjunctive with verbs of doubt & disbeliefSubjunctive conjunctionsSubjunctive in Adjective ClausesT CommandsNosotros CommandsPast Participles used as AdjectivesPresent PerfectPast PerfectFuture TenseConditional TensePast SubjunctiveImperfectArErIrCantabaTenaSalaCantabasTeniasSalasCantabaTenaSalaCantbamosTenamosSalamosCantabanTenanSalanUse to: speak about background events in a story, talk about something you used to do as a matter of habit, speak about how old someone was, say what time it was

Preteriteused for past actions that are seen as completedPorParaPossessive AdjectivesShort formMiTuSuNuestroVuestroSu

Long FormMioTuyoSuyoNuestroVuestroSuyo

Possessive PronounsTo form possessive pronoun:Use the long form of possessive adjectiveAdd le, la, los, las based on the gender and number of the nounAttach pronoun to reflexive when using reflexive in infinitive formUsted & Ustedes Commands1) Start with the yo form of the present indicative.2) Then drop the -o ending.3) Finally, add the following endings:-ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)-er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

Present Subjunctivereflects how the speaker feels about the action1) Start with the yo form of the present indicative.2) Then drop the -o ending.3) Finally, add the following endings:-ar verbs:-e, -es, -e, -emos, -is, en

-er and -ir verbs:-a, -as, -a, -amos, -is, -an

Subjunctive w/ Verbs of Will & InfluenceRogar (o-ue)To beg/pleadRecomendar (e-ie)To recommendProhibir To prohibitMandarTo orderInsistir To insistImportarTo be importantAconsejarTo adviseSugerir (e-ie)To suggest

Subjunctive w/ Verbs of EmotionSubjunctive w/ Verbs of Doubt & DisbeliefSubjunctive ConjunctionsEs necassario queEs malo queEs triste queEs bueno queEs urgente queEs importante queSubjunctive in Adjective Clauses

Used to indicate that the existence of someone or something is uncertain/indefiniteSubjunctive refers to person, place, thing that either does not exist or whose existence is uncertain/indefiniteIndicative refers to person, place, thing that is clearly knownT Commands

AFFIRMATIVE - Drop the S

NEGATIVE put in yo form and change to opposite vowel, add sIrregulars - TVDISHESUd./uds./Nosotros Commands

Put in yo form and change to opposite vowelIrregulars TVDISHESThis is for both affirmative/negativePast Participles used as Adjectives

AR adoER/IR - idoAbrir abiertoCubrir cubiertoDecir dichoEscribir escritoHacer hechoMorir muertoPoner puestoResolver resueltoRomper rotoVer vistro Volver vueltoIr - idoPresent Perfect

Frequently used for pastactions that continue into the presentAR adoER/IR - idoPronounsYo heTu hasEl/ella ha Nos emosUds. - hanAbrir abiertoCubrir cubiertoDecir dichoEscribir escritoHacer hechoMorir muertoPoner puestoResolver resueltoRomper rotoVer vistro Volver vueltoIr - idoPast Perfect

AR adoER/IR - idoPronounsYo habaTu habasEl/ella haba Nos habamosUds. - habanAbrir abiertoCubrir cubiertoDecir dichoEscribir escritoHacer hechoMorir muertoPoner puestoResolver resueltoRomper rotoVer vistro Volver vueltoIr - idoFuture Tense

Infinitive (ar, er, ir, and irregular endings)semosn

IrregularsConditional Tense

Infinitive + ending (ar, er, ir)aasaamosan

Irregulars same as futurePast Subjunctive

Preterite ending, take off RON, add Ar, Er, Iraasaramosan

Irregulars