spanish american war mr. williams 10 th grade u.s. history
TRANSCRIPT
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Spanish American War
Mr. Williams10th Grade U.S. History
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•Western Hemisphere was an “American Sphere of Influence”• A geographical area where an
outside nation exerts special economic or political control•Warned European powers to
keep their hands off or risk war
Monroe Doctrine
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A Splendid Little War• “a splendid little war; begun with
the highest motives, carried on with magnificent intelligence and spirit, favored by that fortune which loves the brave.”
-Secretary of State John Hay
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Spanish-American War•War offered Americans a chance to
wave the flag and mach in unison: NATIONALISM• Began with outrage over treatment
of Cuban revolutionaries by Spanish colonial regime in 1895• By 1898 one-third of the island’s
population had been wiped out
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Yellow Journalism• Appealed and fed on public’s
appetite for violence and sensationalism• Joseph Pulitzer: New York World•William Hearst: Evening Journal“You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.”-Hearst
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Business Interest in Cuba•American business had more
than more than $50 million invested in Cuban sugar•As a result of the revolution
$100 million/ year in trade went down to $0
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Roosevelt and Expansionists
•War with Spain opened up prospect of expansion into Asia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines• “We will have this war for the
freedom of Cuba….in spite of the timidity of commercial interests.”
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Remember the Maine• February 15, 1898•Mysterious explosion
destroyed the Maine, killing 266 crew members•Congress declared war on
Spain in April
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• 235,000 men enlisted shouting “Remember the Maine”• “In April, everywhere over this
good fair land, flags were flying…At the stations, crowds gathered to hurrah for the soldiers, and to throw hats into the air, and to unfurl flags.”
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Battle of Manila Bay•5 days after McKinley signed
war resolution, U.S. navy under George Dewey destroyed Spanish fleet• Troops then dispatched to
secure Philippine Islands
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• Emilio Aguinaldo: leader of a rebel army of Filipino patriots•Aguinaldo’s army captured
Manila while Dewey waged battle in the water• Spanish in Philippines
surrendered on August 14, 1898
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Rough Riders• Teddy Roosevelt resigned his
post as Secretary of Navy• Formed a regiment composed
about equally Ivy League polo players, cowboys, ranchers and miners
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Battle of San Juan Hill•8,000 soldiers fought to
control Kettle and San Juan Hill•Along with Rough Riders, also
Buffalo Soldiers: African American of 9th and 10th Cavalries
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Impact of San Juan Hill• Six Buffalo soldiers and two
Rough Riders awarded Medal of Honor• Teddy Roosevelt catapulted into
national spotlight• Two weeks later in July, Spanish
troops surrendered in Cuba
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Consequences of War• Spanish gave up Puerto Rico,
Guam, and for $20 million the Philippines• Cuba let go as well, but the Teller
Amendment which said U.S. “would leave the government and control of the Island to its people”
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Annexation of the Philippines?• For: U.S. had duty to spread its
values overseas•President McKinley felt there
was a need “to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them”
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• Located on route to China, Philippines would be useful as a place to refuel and resupply ships•Wanted to annex before they
fell into hands of Germany, Japan, or other nations
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Against Annexation•Annexation would violate the
ideal of self-government, formed Anti-Imperialist League• This is the foundation of the
American system
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What about the Filipinos?•Rebels enraged, Aguinaldo
warned that he was prepared to take military action• Fighting lasted 3 years, this
cost 4,000 U.S. lives and as many as 200,000 Filipino lives