spanish american war student handout
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Decision Making: The Spanish American WarCrisis in Cuba 1898
The Philippines Crisis 1899
What considerations should guide the development of American foreign policy?
Did America’s emergence as a world power move us closer or further from its founding ideals?
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Crisis in Cuba 1898• Read the handout
– Underline important facts– Circle any vocabulary you don’t know
• Fill in the decision-making organizer• Use the decision making organizer to write out your decision.
Your decision should include the following sentences at a minimum:– What is the problem?– What is your goal?– What is your decision?– What is your rationale (reason) for the decision?– What are possible unintended consequences of your decision?
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Essential Questions
Activity Focus: Why did the
United States go to war
against Spain in 1898 and why
was the outcome
significant?
Unit Focus: When should
the United States go to
War?
Unit Focus: Did America’s
emergence as a world power
move it close or further away from
its founding ideals?
Unit Focus: What considerations
should guide the development of
American foreign policy?
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What are three causes of the
Spanish American War?
GOAL
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Crisis in Cuba• April 1898- President ___________
faced a crisis in _____________– Spanish government controlled Cuba
as a _____________– _____________ faced an all-out
rebellion on the island• Cuban rebels were waging a __________
– Rebel soldiers blend in with civilian population
• Inspired by their martyred leader _____________________
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Crisis in Cuba
• _________________– In charge of ______________ forces in
Cuba– Moved civilians into
________________________– Many Cubans grew sick and some died
• Summer of ___________– Spain removes _________________– Spain grants Cuba some
_________________
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Crisis in Cuba
• February 1898- ____________________
(Spanish ambassador) letter released in
American newspapers– Call President McKinley a
____________________
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_________________Explodes in Havana Harbor, Feb. 15, 1898
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Sensationalized “________________”
• The more extreme newspapers urged “Remember the Maine! To Hell with _____________!”
• The U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry reported on March 21 that it was _________________ to fix responsibility for the explosion.
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Crisis in Cuba Outcomes
• The U.S. declared war and defeated Spain in only six weeks– Winning two naval battles-
Philippines and Cuba– Winning major land battle in Cuba
• U.S. took control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines
• Teller Amendment– After U.S. overthrows Spanish rule
in Cuba, it would return control of island to Cubans
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Crisis in Cuba Outcomes
• The _________declared war and defeated _____________ in only six weeks– Winning two naval battles- ___________________ and
__________– Winning major land battle in ___________
• U.S. took control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines
• ____________________– After U.S. overthrows Spanish rule in Cuba, it would
return control of island to Cubans
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Crisis in Cuba Outcomes
• ___________________– Required by American leaders– Gave U.S. the right to send troops to Cuba to
restore order when the U.S. government felt necessary
– U.S. established base at Guantanamo Bay• U.S. kept control of Guam and Puerto Rico
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Crisis in Cuba Outcomes• Effects of the War
– More than ________________as many Americans died of disease than of wounds suffered in battle
– Spain was no longer a ____________________ and the U.S. became one
– War established a precedent regarding ________________ and the use of propaganda in U.S.
– __________________________became a war hero• Led ____________________________-
volunteer cavalry regiment composed of ranchers and cowboys
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Crisis in Cuba Outcomes• Effects of the War
– U.S. became an imperialist power- took control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and other islands
– Americans felt justified in spreading democracy to Cuba
– Many Cubans resented the Platt Amendment
– After the end of U.S. occupation, Cuban governments became corrupt and inefficient
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What are three outcomes of the
Spanish American War?
GOAL
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The Philippines Crisis 1899• Read the handout
– Write down any vocabulary you don’t know
• Create and fill in the decision-making organizer in your notes.
Problem Goal(s)
Alternatives Pros and Cons
Unintended Consequences
Decision(s) Rationale for Choice
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The Philippines Crisis Outcomes• ______________ fought a
________________ against U.S. forces in which both sides engaged in torture and execution of prisoners
• The war divided the _________________
• U.S. occupation did some ___________• Built roads, hospitals, and bridges• Increased literacy rate from 20% to 50%• English became the dominant language
Emilio Aguinaldo, first president of the Philippine Republic, in 1898
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The Philippines Crisis Outcomes• In 1916 U.S. became first Western
power to grant some form of _____________ to a colony
• Rich people dominated the government
• Philippine economy _______________ greatly
• U.S. could not effectively defend the _____________________
• Asian countries began to view U.S. as imperialistic