Spanish ExplorationMain Idea: Spain desired to

establish an empire in the Americas in the 1500s and 1600s. Explorers began to map out the region and tales of gold, gems, and minerals

lured the Spanish into Texas.

Explorer: Columbus (1492)Year He Discovered the West Indies

Known for West Indies/Hispanola

Why in Texas? He wasn’t!!!

Impact of Failure – he didn’t discover a faster Expedition route to India

Success – he opened up the “New World” to Europe

Impact Started Spanish exploration on Texas in North America (Texas)

Columbus & The New WorldColumbus & The New Worlda.a. ColumbusColumbus sailed the Atlantic Ocean blue in sailed the Atlantic Ocean blue in 14921492; he was Italian, ; he was Italian, sailing for sailing for

SpainSpain..

b.b. He sailedHe sailed west west to get to the east.to get to the east.

c.c. He didn’t find riches, but did find He didn’t find riches, but did find raw materials raw materials (products and goods) to send (products and goods) to send back to Europe; and brought goods from Europe to the natives – the back to Europe; and brought goods from Europe to the natives – the Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange..

Columbus & The New Columbus & The New WorldWorld

c.All 4 of his trips gave Spain claim to land in the Western Hemisphere.

d.Result? The Spanish established an empire called New Spain consisting of most of South America, many Caribbean islands, Mexico, Central America, and part of the present-day United States.

e.New Spain using conquistadores and friars to conquer natives.

Three G’s!!!Three G’s!!! Reasons for Exploration: 3 G’sReasons for Exploration: 3 G’s

(1) (1) GoldGold – riches in New World; – riches in New World;

Spanish wanted to increase Spanish wanted to increase

global wealthglobal wealth

(2) (2) Glory Glory – men could become – men could become

wealthy and famous; expand wealthy and famous; expand

nation’s powernation’s power

(3) (3) GodGod – Catholic Church to convert – Catholic Church to convert

natives and increase wealth of natives and increase wealth of

churchchurch

ConquistadoresConquistadoresa.a. ConquistadoresConquistadores (Spanish (Spanish

soldiers), sought riches and soldiers), sought riches and power for themselves, and power for themselves, and wealth and glory for Spain.wealth and glory for Spain.

b.b. Hundreds of Conquistadores Hundreds of Conquistadores were able to conquer thousands were able to conquer thousands of natives. of natives. HOW?HOW? 4 Ways…4 Ways…

ConquistadoresConquistadoresi.i. Superior weapons:Superior weapons:

i.i. GunsGuns

ii.ii. CannonsCannons

iii.iii. Metal SwordsMetal Swords

ii.ii. The Spanish had The Spanish had horseshorses..

iii.iii. Some natives believed the Spaniards Some natives believed the Spaniards were were godsgods..

iv.iv. DiseaseDisease: The natives had a weaker : The natives had a weaker immune system. Measles, mumps, flu, immune system. Measles, mumps, flu, or just a regular cold could make the or just a regular cold could make the natives very ill. Result? Thousands died natives very ill. Result? Thousands died and their empires rapidly declined and and their empires rapidly declined and grew smaller. grew smaller.

Friars & MissionsFriars & MissionsC.C. FriarsFriars were Catholic priests who were Catholic priests who

helped Spain gain a foothold in the helped Spain gain a foothold in the Americas.Americas.

i.i. They wanted to They wanted to convertconvert or turn the or turn the natives to Roman Catholics.natives to Roman Catholics.

ii.ii. Most natives were Most natives were polytheisticpolytheistic—believing —believing in many gods.in many gods.

iii.iii. To become To become CatholicCatholic, natives would have , natives would have to change their religious beliefs and to change their religious beliefs and become become monotheisticmonotheistic—believing in one —believing in one god.god.

iv.iv. The Spanish Friars also built The Spanish Friars also built missionsmissions (religious settlements); natives were (religious settlements); natives were invited to live there to invited to live there to learn the Christian learn the Christian and Spanish cultureand Spanish culture..

Explorer: Cortes (1521)Year He Conquered the Aztecs

Known for Mexico/Aztecs

Why in Texas? He wasn’t!!! BUT his purpose for exploring was to get GOLD, GLORY and GOD for

Spain

Impact of Success - conquered the Aztecs and became Expedition the first “governor” of New Spain (Mexico)

Impact Inspired others to explore more on Texas territory in North America

Famous Spanish Famous Spanish ExplorersExplorers

a.a. CortesCortes – conquered the wealthy – conquered the wealthy AztecsAztecs and their emperor and their emperor MoctezumaMoctezuma from from 1519-15221519-1522; ; renamed the Aztec capital renamed the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan to Tenochtitlan to MexicoMexico CityCity

b.b. PinedaPineda – first European to – first European to explore and explore and map the Texas coast map the Texas coast in 1519in 1519

Famous Spanish Famous Spanish ExplorersExplorers

c.c. Cabeza de Vaca Cabeza de Vaca – survived – survived NarvaezNarvaez shipwreck in shipwreck in GalvestonGalveston in 1527 and in 1527 and became the became the first European to enter first European to enter TexasTexas; he lived with the ; he lived with the KarankawasKarankawas for 6 years from for 6 years from 1528-15341528-1534; later ; later journeyed west toward Mexico and journeyed west toward Mexico and recorded stories of his travels seeing recorded stories of his travels seeing buffalo and fertile land; and possible buffalo and fertile land; and possible gold and riches.gold and riches.

d.d. EstevanicoEstevanico – survivor with de Vaca; – survivor with de Vaca; first black man to enter Texasfirst black man to enter Texas; studied ; studied geographygeography of Texas and later became a of Texas and later became a guideguide for Spanish explorers for Spanish explorers

Years he was stranded in North America Known for SHIPWRECK

Why in Texas? It was an accident… shipwrecked near Galveston; leader Narvaez was killed)

Impact of Failure – no GOLD, no GLORY… but he did… Expedition meet the Karwankawas, Texas’ 1st explorer, 1st surgeon, 1st author with Relacion

Impact on Texas Told tales of cities of gold – led to more exploration

Explorer: Cabeza de Vaca (1528-1536)

Famous Spanish Famous Spanish ExplorersExplorers

e.e. Fray MarcosFray Marcos – Catholic priest sent by – Catholic priest sent by viceroyviceroy (governor) Mendoza in (governor) Mendoza in 15351535 to to establish peace with Indians; reported establish peace with Indians; reported seeing the seeing the 7 cities of gold in Cibola 7 cities of gold in Cibola (which (which was actually a pueblo, or series of adobe was actually a pueblo, or series of adobe houses)houses)

f.f. CoronadoCoronado – – 1540-15421540-1542; led largest ; led largest expedition of troops in search of seven expedition of troops in search of seven cities; cities; claimed Wichita landclaimed Wichita land for the King of for the King of Spain and killed native Pawnee guide Spain and killed native Pawnee guide TurkTurk after failing to find another city of riches, after failing to find another city of riches, QuiviraQuivira. .

g.g. Cardenas – 1542Cardenas – 1542; discovered the ; discovered the Grand Grand CanyonCanyon (as part of Coronado expedition) (as part of Coronado expedition)

Years he explored the Great Plains Known for PANHANDLE

Why in Texas? Looking for the 7 cities of GOLD Quiviera & Cibola)

Impact of Failure – No gold, no settlements Expedition crossed the “Sea of Grass” (TX Panhandle)

Impact on Texas Told about buffalo, villages, TX LAND in the Panhandle

Explorer: Coronado (1540-1542)

Famous Spanish Famous Spanish ExplorersExplorers

g.g. MoscosoMoscoso – took over the – took over the DeDe SotoSoto (who discovered the Mississippi (who discovered the Mississippi River) expedition and River) expedition and mapped mapped east Texas in 1542east Texas in 1542; explored ; explored the the Brazos River Brazos River but returned to but returned to Mexico after failing to find goldMexico after failing to find gold

h.h. OnateOnate – – 16011601; ; mapped Texas mapped Texas Panhandle and New MexicoPanhandle and New Mexico

Years he was in charge of the expedition

Known for EAST TX

Why in Texas? Hernan de Soto was looking for GOLD, when he died, Moscoso took overand took the expedition to East TX

Impact of Failure – no gold Expedition

Impact on 1st European in East TX Texas

Explorer: Moscoso (1542-1543)Hernan de Soto

The First Spanish Colony in The First Spanish Colony in TexasTexas

a.a. In In 16091609, a group of , a group of Spaniards set up Spaniards set up a a permanent colony permanent colony on the on the upper waters of the Rio upper waters of the Rio Grande; they named it Grande; they named it NewNew MexicoMexico and established the and established the capital of capital of Santa FeSanta Fe..