SPANISH GRAMMAR 2

Mateo Mccauley

Table of Contents Conditional + irregulars Perfect Tenses

Present Past Present perfect irregulars Subjunctive perfect

Tanto y tan Impersonal ‘se’ Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos

Informal/Formal Affirmative Negative

Irregular DOP + IOP placement

Nosotros command -mono verbs

Subjunctive Irregulars Trigger phrases

○  Impersonal expression○  Expressions of emotion○  Conjunctions of time

Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns

 

Conditional and Irregulars Used to express probability and

possibility. Would, could, should

Yo correría si yo tengo

piernas.

Conjugation

• -ía• -ías• -ías• -íamos• -ían

Perfect Tense

Portray an act that is completed and not in progress

It consists of two parts:Auxillary verb (haber)And a main verbAll main verbs have the suffix –ado (-ar) or

–ido (-ir)

Present

Lo he hecho(I have done it) Haber

• He• Has• Ha• Hemos• Han

Past

Habia hablado (I had spoken)

Haber

• Habia• Habias• Había• Habíamos• Habían

Present perfect irregulars Abrir Abierto Cubrir Cubierto Decir Dicho Describir Descrito Devolver Devuelto Escribir Escrito Hacer Hecho Morir Muerto Poner Puesto Ver Visto Volver Vuelto

Present Perfect Subjunctive Made the same way as present indicitive

but haber is put into the

subjunctive form Haber

• Haya• Hayas• Haya• Hayamos• Hayan

Tanto y Tan

Tanto:Used as an adjectiveTengo tanto dinero como Juan

Tan:Used as an adverbRita es tan alta como Pablo

Impersonal “se”

Used when there is no specific subject Se is placed in front of a verb Always use a singular third person verb

Se habla españolSe come muy bien

Conocer

• Conozco• Conoces• Conoce• Conocemos• Conocen

Saber

• Sé• Sabes• Sabe• Sabemos• Saben

Saber v. Conocer

Saber means to know a fact or how to do something

Conocer means to know someone or something or some place.

Los Mandatos

Los Mandatos (commands) are used in order to tell someone to do something or to not do something

Informal/Formal

There are two types of commands.Formal: talking to someone older than youInformal: talking to a brother or friend

Usted/Ustedes, Tú, or Nosotros(Compra la ropa) (No compras) (Compremos)Can also be affirmative or negative

Affirmative

Usted

(compre)

Tú(compras)

Nosotros(compremos)

Add opposite vowelDrop the OPut in yo

form

Drop the sPut in tú form

Add opposite nosotros ending

Drop the OPut in yo form

Negative

Usted

(No compre)

Tú(No compres)

Nosotros(No compremos)

Add opposite vowelDrop the OPut in yo

form

Add opposite tú endingDrop the OPut in yo

form

Add opposite nosotros ending

Drop the OPut in yo form

Irregulars

Tú Usted

Tener Ten

Venir Ven

Decir Di

Ir Ve

Ser Se

Hacer Haz

Salir Sal

Poner Pon

Tener Tenga

Venir Venga

Decir Diga

Ir Vaya

Ser Sea

Hacer Haga

Estar Este

Salir Salga

Poner Ponga

DOP and IOP

The DOP and IOP can be placed before the verb of after an infinitive or gerund.

If placed after the infinitive, it changes the syllibification, so an accent must be added.

Yo la les bateo (I hit it to them) Yo voy a bateársela. IOP

DOP

me nos

te os

lo / la los / las

me nos

te os

Le/Se les

Nosotros commands

Nosotros commands are similar to saying “Let’s…”

Add opposite nosotros ending

Drop the OPut in yo form

-MONO Verbs

-Mono verbs refer to the nosotros commands that change when nos or se are added.

Comamosnos Comámonos For negative, put the pronoun before the

verb

Drop s and add

pronouns

Add opposite nosotros ending

Put in yo form

Subjunctive The subjunctive is used to express doubt or

disbelief. Conjugation is the same as commands. Used with impersonal expressions.

Wishing/WantingEmotionDoubtDisbeliefImpersonal expressionsNegationGod

Subjunctive Irregulars

-Car, -Gar, -Zar TVDISHES Same as

commands Dar (Dé, Des, Dé, Demos, Den) Estar (Esté, Estés, Esté, Estemos,

Estén) Ir (Vaya, Vayas, Vaya, Vayamos, Vayan)

Trigger Phrases

Trigger phrases are used to “trigger” the subjunctive tense.

It helps the reader and the writer understand what tense the speaker is in.Impersonal Expressions Expresses of EmotionConjunctions of Time

Impersonal Expressions

Es bueno que… Es importante que… Es imperativo que… Es necesario que… Es facil/malo que… No es verdad que… (negation)

The subjunctive is used after “que”

Expressions of Emotion

Alegarse- to be happy Esperar- to wait/ to hope Sentir- to feel Soprender- to surprise Temer- to be afraid Ojalar- to hope

Conjunctions of Time

Tan pronto como… (as soon as) Hasta que… (until) Luego que… (as soon as) Despues de que… (after) Cuando… (when) Asi que… (as soon as)

Demonstrative Adjectives Placed before the noun and agree in

number and gender with the noun. This, that, these, those, that/those over

there

This That These Those That over there

Those over there

Este/Esta Ese/Esa Estos/ Estas

Esos/ Esas

Aquel/ Aquella

Aquellos/Aquellas

Demonstrative Pronouns

This one That one These Those That one (over there)

Those (over there)

éste/ésta ése/ésa éstos/ éstas

ésos/ésas Aquél/ Aquélla

Aquéllos/ Aquéllas

•Replaces the noun•This is good (esté es bien)