Spanish Grammar BookBy: Cesar Root

Table of Contents

1. Title 2. TOC 3. Preterite regular verbs 4. Preterite trigger words 5. Car Gar Zar 6. Spock verbs 7. Cucaracha verbs 8. Snake verbs 9. Snakey verbs 10. Imperfect regular verbs 11. Imperfect trigger words 12. Irregular verbs

13. Preterite vs. imperfect 14. Ser vs. Estar 15. Verbs like gustar 16. Comparatives/

superlatives 17. Transition words 18. Future regular verbs 19. Future trigger words 20. Future irregular verbs 22. Por 23. Para

Preterite regular

-Ar

• é• Aste • Ó • Amos • Aron

-Er/Ir

• í• Iste • Ó • Imos • Íeron

Preterite Trigger Verbs

Anoche: Last night El otro día: the other day El mes pasado: last month Una vez: once Ayer: yesterday A las tres: at three La semana pasada: last week

-car –gar –zar

-car

• busqué

-gar

• jugué

-zar

• empecé

Car to qué Gar to gué Zar to cé

Note: only use this change in the yo form of the preterite

Spock verbs

Dar y Ver

• i• Iste • Io • Imos • Ieron

Ser y ir

• Fui • Fuiste • Fue • Fuimos • Fueron

Hacer

• Hice • Hiciste • Hizo • Hicimos • Hiciero

n

Cucaracha verbs

Andar = anduv- -e Estar = estuv- -iste Poner = pus- -o Poder = pud- -imos Saber = sup- -ieron or eron Tener = tuv Querer = quis- Venir = vin- Conducir = conduj- Producir = produj- Traducir = traduj- Traer = tradj- Decir = dij-

Snake verbs

Stem changing verbs that end in –ir stem change from e -> I and o -> u in the third person forms of the preterite

Snakey verbs

I -> y in third person singular and plural

Leer leí leimos leíste leyó leyeron

Imperfect

Ar

-Aba

-abas

-aba

-abamos

-aban

Er/ir

ía

-ías

ía

íamos

ían

Imperfect trigger words

Todos los días - everyday Nunca – never A meudo- often Siempre- always A veces- sometimes A menudo- often Todo el tiempo- all the time Casi siempre- almost always

Irregular imperfecto

Ir Ser Ver -iba -era -veía

-ibas -eras Veías

-iba -era -veía

-Íbamos

-iban

-éramos

-eran

-veíamos

-veían

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Completed actions

Tells a series of past events

A beginning or ending of a action has

been completed

Past actions and events

Ongoing actions with no beginning

or end

Describes physical and

emotional states

Used for habitually repeated actions

Explains background information

Ser vs. Estar

Ser = Estar = DOCTORPED HELPING-Description

-occupation

-characteristics

-time

-origin

-Relationships

-Possession

-Events

-dates

-health

-emotions

-location

-present condition

-ING

Verbs like Gustar

Doler Aburrir Encantar Faltar Fascinar Interesar Molestar

Apetecer Disgustar

Comparatives and superlatives

Menos…que Mejor…que Más…de Tan…como

Beuno- mejor

(good - better) Malo- peor

(bad – worse) Vieja- mayor (old – older) Joven- menor (young –

younger)

Connecting words

Aunque- even though Tambien- also Mientras- while A pesar de- in spite of Pero- but Por lo tanto- therefore Sin embargo- nevertheless No obstante- nevertheless

Future tense

Endings are the same for –er, -ir, and –ar verbs

Attached to a infinitive (infinitive + “ “)

É Emos

ás Éis

á án

Future trigger words

Manana- yesterday El proximo… En…

Future irregulars

Decir- dir Hacer- har Poner- pondo Salir- saldr Tener- tendr Valer- valdr Poder- podr Querer- querr Saber- sabr Caber- cabr Haber- habr

Por

Passing through –PORtal

General, not specific location –PORtugal

How long something lasts –PORever

An exchange –imPORt/ exPORt

Doing something on anothers behalf A means of trasport –

transPORtation The cause of something -

PORpose

Para

For whom something is done A specific destination The purpose something is done To express an opinion In contrast between 2 things; a

comparison To express the idea of a deadline Employment